Merge branch 'halo2-integration'

Cargo.toml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name = "darkfi"
-version = "0.0.1"
+version = "0.2.0"
 homepage = "https://dark.fi"
 description = "Anonymous. Uncensored. Sovereign."
 authors = ["darkfi <dev@dark.fi>"]
@@ -11,77 +11,97 @@ edition = "2021"
 [lib]
 name = "drk"
 
+[dependencies.halo2]
+version = "=0.1.0-beta.1"
+features = ["dev-graph", "gadget-traces", "sanity-checks"]
+
+[dependencies.halo2_gadgets]
+git = "https://github.com/parazyd/halo2_gadgets.git"
+rev = "8238cb3471b798c76dd53b278524fc80685c7d4f"
+features = ["dev-graph", "test-dependencies"]
+
+[dependencies.incrementalmerkletree]
+git = "https://github.com/zcash/incrementalmerkletree.git"
+rev = "b7bd6246122a6e9ace8edb51553fbf5228906cbb"
+
+[dependencies.rocksdb]
+# TODO: Revert to upstream after bd966750ec861d687913d59a9939a1408ac53131 is merged.
+git = "https://github.com/parazyd/rust-rocksdb"
+rev = "bd966750ec861d687913d59a9939a1408ac53131"
+default-features = false
+features = ["lz4"]
+
 [dependencies]
-ff = "0.8"
-group = "0.8"
-bellman = { version = "0.8", default-features = false, features = ["groth16"] }
-bls12_381 = "0.3.1"
-jubjub = "0.5.1"
-zcash_primitives = "0.5.0"
-zcash_proofs = "0.5.0"
-rand = "0.7.3"
-rand_core = "0.5.1"
+# Crypto
+pasta_curves = "0.2.1"
+rand = "0.8.4"
+num-bigint = {version = "0.4.2", features = ["rand"]}
+blake2b_simd = "0.5.11"
+blake2s_simd = "0.5.11"
+group = "0.11.0"
+crypto_api_chachapoly = "0.5.0"
+arrayvec = "0.7.0"
 sha2 = "0.9.8"
 ripemd160 = "0.9.1"
-blake2s_simd = "0.5"
-blake2b_simd = "0.5.11"
-crypto_api_chachapoly = "0.4"
-bitvec = "0.18"
-bimap = "0.5.2"
-hex = "0.4.2"
+# Constant time options which is used for MerkleNode incrementalmerkletree
+subtle = "2.3"
+
+# Encoding and parsing
 bs58 = "0.4.0"
-prettytable-rs = "0.8"
-num_cpus = "1.13.0"
-num-bigint = {version = "0.3.2", features = ["rand", "serde"]}
+bytes = "1.1.0"
+hex = "0.4.3"
+toml = "0.5.8"
+url = "2.2.2"
+serde_json = "1.0.68"
+serde = {version = "1.0.130", features = ["derive"]}
 
-smol = "1.2.5"
-futures = "0.3.17"
-async-channel = "1.6.1"
-async-trait = "0.1.51"
-async-executor = "1.4.1"
+# Async
 async-std = "1.10.0"
-async-native-tls = "0.3.3"
+async-trait = "0.1.51"
+async-channel = "1.6.1"
 native-tls = "0.2.8"
-easy-parallel = "3.1.0"
-
-tungstenite = "0.15.0"
-async-tungstenite = "0.15.0"
+async-native-tls = "0.3.3"
+async-executor = "1.4.1"
+futures = "0.3.17"
+smol = "1.2.5"
 
-simple_logger = "1.13.0"
-log = "0.4.14"
-clap = "2.33.3"
-toml = "0.5.8"
+# Utilities
+anyhow = "1.0.44"
 dirs = "4.0.0"
-url = "2.2.2"
-serde = {version = "1.0.130", features = ["derive"]}
-serde_json = "1.0.68"
-bytes = "1.0.1"
+failure = "0.1.8"
+lazy_static = "1.4.0"
+log = "0.4.14"
+num_cpus = "1.13.0"
+simple_logger = "1.13.0"
 signal-hook = "0.3.10"
 signal-hook-async-std = "0.2.1"
-lazy_static = "1.4.0"
-thiserror = "1.0.30"
 
-rocksdb = {version = "0.16.0", default-features = false, features = ["lz4"]}
-zeromq = {version = "0.2.2", default-features = false, features = ["async-std-runtime", "all-transport"]}
-rusqlite = {version = "0.26.0", features = ["bundled-sqlcipher"]}
+# Used for Websockets client implementation.
+async-tungstenite = "0.15.0"
+tungstenite = "0.15.0"
 
-## Cashier Solana Dependencies
-solana-sdk = {version = "1.8.1", optional = true}
-solana-client = {version = "1.8.1", optional = true}
-spl-token = {version = "3.2.0", features = ["no-entrypoint"], optional = true}
-spl-associated-token-account = {version = "1.0.3", features = ["no-entrypoint"], optional = true}
+# Used for wallet management.
+rusqlite = {version = "0.26.1", features = ["bundled-sqlcipher"]}
 
-## Cashier Bitcoin Dependencies
-anyhow = "1.0.44"
+# Used for gatewayd network transport.
+zeromq = {version = "0.3.0", default-features = false, features = ["async-std-runtime", "all-transport"]}
+
+# Cashier Bitcoin dependencies
 bdk = {version = "0.12.0", optional = true}
-bitcoin = {version = "0.27.0", optional = true }
+bitcoin = {version = "0.27.0", optional = true}
 secp256k1 = {version = "0.20.3", default-features = false, features = ["rand-std"], optional = true}
 
-## Cashier Ethereum Dependencies
+# Cashier Ethereum dependencies
 hash-db = {version = "0.15.2", optional = true}
 keccak-hasher = {version = "0.15.3", optional = true}
 
+# Cashier Solana dependencies
+solana-client = {version = "1.8.2", optional = true}
+solana-sdk = {version = "1.8.2", optional = true}
+spl-associated-token-account = {version = "1.0.3", features = ["no-entrypoint"], optional = true}
+spl-token = {version = "3.2.0", features = ["no-entrypoint"], optional = true}
+
 [features]
 btc = ["bdk", "bitcoin", "secp256k1"]
-sol = ["solana-sdk", "solana-client", "spl-token", "spl-associated-token-account"]
 eth = ["keccak-hasher", "hash-db"]
+sol = ["solana-sdk", "solana-client", "spl-token", "spl-associated-token-account"]

Makefile

@@ -1,14 +1,13 @@
 .POSIX:
 
+# Install prefix
 PREFIX = /usr/local
-DLURL = https://testnet.cashier.dark.fi
 
+# Cargo binary
 CARGO = cargo
-DLTOOL = wget -nv --show-progress -O-
-#DLTOOL = curl
 
 # Here it's possible to append "cashierd" and "gatewayd".
-BINS = drk darkfid
+BINS = drk darkfid cashierd gatewayd
 
 # Dependencies which should force the binaries to be rebuilt
 BINDEPS = \
@@ -17,23 +16,22 @@ BINDEPS = \
 	$(shell find token -type f) \
 	$(shell find sql -type f)
 
-all: $(BINS) mint.params spend.params
+#all: $(BINS)
+all:
+	cargo build --release --all-features --lib
 
 $(BINS): $(BINDEPS)
 	$(CARGO) build --release --all-features --bin $@
 	cp target/release/$@ $@
 
-%.params:
-	$(DLTOOL) $(DLURL)/$@ > $@
-
 test:
-	$(CARGO) test --release --all-features
+	$(CARGO) test --release --all-features --lib
 
 fix:
 	$(CARGO) fix --release --all-features --allow-dirty
 
 clippy:
-	$(CARGO) clippy --release --all-features
+	$(CARGO) clippy --release --all-features --lib
 
 install: all
 	mkdir -p $(DESTDIR)$(PREFIX)/bin
@@ -44,7 +42,6 @@ install: all
 	do \
 		cp -f example/config/$$i.toml $(DESTDIR)$(PREFIX)/share/doc/darkfi; \
 	done;
-	cp -f mint.params spend.params $(DESTDIR)$(PREFIX)/share/darkfi
 
 uninstall:
 	for i in $(BINS); \
@@ -55,7 +52,7 @@ uninstall:
 	rm -rf $(DESTDIR)$(PREFIX)/share/darkfi
 
 clean:
-	rm -f $(BINS) mint.params spend.params
+	rm -f $(BINS)
 
 distclean: clean
 	rm -rf target

example/halo2/Cargo.toml

@@ -1,47 +1,22 @@
 [package]
-name = "halo2_examples"
+name = "drk_halo2"
 version = "0.1.0"
-authors = ["narodnik <x@x.org>"]
-edition = "2018"
-
-# See more keys and their definitions at https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/manifest.html
+authors = ["Ivan Jelincic <parazyd@dyne.org>"]
+edition = "2021"
 
 [dependencies]
-ff = "0.10"
-group = "0.10"
-pasta_curves = "0.1.2"
-bitvec = "0.22"
 rand = "0.8.4"
-arrayvec = "0.7.0"
-lazy_static = "1"
-bigint = "4"
-subtle = "2.3"
-halo2 = "0.0"
-
-[patch.crates-io]
-halo2 = { git = "https://github.com/zcash/halo2.git", rev = "27c4187673a9c6ade13fbdbd4f20955530c22d7f" }
-
-[dependencies.halo2_poseidon]
-git = "https://github.com/parazyd/orchard.git"
-#rev = "0d14f2390734e4710fc24a976f037dae3a6e7ac8"
-rev = "f9cc01c21010b31988129f9cbc2ca8c0bdbf2ee9"
-features = ["halo2"]
-
-[dependencies.halo2_utilities]
-git = "https://github.com/parazyd/orchard.git"
-#rev = "0d14f2390734e4710fc24a976f037dae3a6e7ac8"
-rev = "f9cc01c21010b31988129f9cbc2ca8c0bdbf2ee9"
-
-[dependencies.halo2_ecc]
-git = "https://github.com/parazyd/orchard.git"
-#rev = "0d14f2390734e4710fc24a976f037dae3a6e7ac8"
-rev = "f9cc01c21010b31988129f9cbc2ca8c0bdbf2ee9"
-
-[dependencies.sinsemilla]
-git = "https://github.com/parazyd/orchard.git"
-#rev = "0d14f2390734e4710fc24a976f037dae3a6e7ac8"
-rev = "f9cc01c21010b31988129f9cbc2ca8c0bdbf2ee9"
-
- [dependencies.orchard]
-git = "https://github.com/parazyd/orchard.git"
-rev = "f9cc01c21010b31988129f9cbc2ca8c0bdbf2ee9"
+ff = "0.11.0"
+pasta_curves = "0.2.1"
+hex = "0.4.3"
+failure = "0.1.8"
+anyhow = "1.0.44"
+
+[dependencies.halo2]
+version = "=0.1.0-beta.1"
+features = ["dev-graph", "gadget-traces", "sanity-checks"]
+
+[dependencies.halo2_gadgets]
+git = "https://github.com/parazyd/halo2_gadgets.git"
+rev = "b45c527276bb2309f3b256eb5f45ccdcc5bd8c0f"
+features = ["dev-graph", "test-dependencies"]

example/halo2/README.md

@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
-Always use the --release flag otherwise it's too slow:
-
-```
-cargo run --release --bin simple3
-```
-

example/halo2/src/bin/anonvote.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,303 @@
+// https://docs.vocdoni.io/architecture/protocol/anonymous-voting/zk-census-proof.html#protocol-design
+use anyhow::Result;
+use halo2::{
+    circuit::{Layouter, SimpleFloorPlanner},
+    plonk::{Advice, Circuit, Column, ConstraintSystem, Error, Instance as InstanceColumn},
+};
+use halo2_gadgets::{
+    ecc::chip::{EccChip, EccConfig},
+    poseidon::{Pow5T3Chip as PoseidonChip, Pow5T3Config as PoseidonConfig},
+    primitives,
+    primitives::poseidon::{ConstantLength, P128Pow5T3},
+    sinsemilla::{
+        chip::{SinsemillaChip, SinsemillaConfig},
+        merkle::chip::{MerkleChip, MerkleConfig},
+    },
+    utilities::{lookup_range_check::LookupRangeCheckConfig, CellValue, UtilitiesInstructions},
+};
+use pasta_curves::{
+    arithmetic::{CurveAffine, Field},
+    group::{ff::PrimeFieldBits, Curve},
+    pallas,
+};
+use rand::rngs::OsRng;
+
+use drk_halo2::{
+    constants::{
+        sinsemilla::{OrchardCommitDomains, OrchardHashDomains, MERKLE_CRH_PERSONALIZATION},
+        OrchardFixedBases,
+    },
+    crypto::pedersen_commitment,
+    spec::i2lebsp,
+};
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
+struct VoteConfig {
+    primary: Column<InstanceColumn>,
+    advices: [Column<Advice>; 10],
+    ecc_config: EccConfig,
+    merkle_config_1: MerkleConfig<OrchardHashDomains, OrchardCommitDomains, OrchardFixedBases>,
+    merkle_config_2: MerkleConfig<OrchardHashDomains, OrchardCommitDomains, OrchardFixedBases>,
+    sinsemilla_config_1:
+        SinsemillaConfig<OrchardHashDomains, OrchardCommitDomains, OrchardFixedBases>,
+    sinsemilla_config_2:
+        SinsemillaConfig<OrchardHashDomains, OrchardCommitDomains, OrchardFixedBases>,
+    poseidon_config: PoseidonConfig<pallas::Base>,
+}
+
+impl VoteConfig {
+    fn ecc_chip(&self) -> EccChip<OrchardFixedBases> {
+        EccChip::construct(self.ecc_config.clone())
+    }
+
+    fn sinsemilla_chip_1(
+        &self,
+    ) -> SinsemillaChip<OrchardHashDomains, OrchardCommitDomains, OrchardFixedBases> {
+        SinsemillaChip::construct(self.sinsemilla_config_1.clone())
+    }
+
+    fn sinsemilla_chip_2(
+        &self,
+    ) -> SinsemillaChip<OrchardHashDomains, OrchardCommitDomains, OrchardFixedBases> {
+        SinsemillaChip::construct(self.sinsemilla_config_2.clone())
+    }
+
+    fn merkle_chip_1(
+        &self,
+    ) -> MerkleChip<OrchardHashDomains, OrchardCommitDomains, OrchardFixedBases> {
+        MerkleChip::construct(self.merkle_config_1.clone())
+    }
+
+    fn merkle_chip_2(
+        &self,
+    ) -> MerkleChip<OrchardHashDomains, OrchardCommitDomains, OrchardFixedBases> {
+        MerkleChip::construct(self.merkle_config_2.clone())
+    }
+
+    fn poseidon_chip(&self) -> PoseidonChip<pallas::Base> {
+        PoseidonChip::construct(self.poseidon_config.clone())
+    }
+}
+
+// The public input array offsets
+const VOTE_MERKLE_ROOT_OFFSET: usize = 0;
+const VOTE_NULLIFIER_OFFSET: usize = 1;
+const VOTE_PROCESS_ID_OFFSET: usize = 2;
+const VOTE_COMMITX_OFFSET: usize = 3;
+const VOTE_COMMITY_OFFSET: usize = 4;
+
+#[derive(Default, Debug)]
+struct VoteCircuit {
+    index: Option<pallas::Base>,
+    secret_key: Option<pallas::Base>,
+    merkle_proof: Option<pallas::Base>,
+}
+
+impl UtilitiesInstructions<pallas::Base> for VoteCircuit {
+    type Var = CellValue<pallas::Base>;
+}
+
+impl Circuit<pallas::Base> for VoteCircuit {
+    type Config = VoteConfig;
+    type FloorPlanner = SimpleFloorPlanner;
+
+    fn without_witnesses(&self) -> Self {
+        Self::default()
+    }
+
+    fn configure(meta: &mut ConstraintSystem<pallas::Base>) -> Self::Config {
+        // Advice columns used in the circuit
+        let advices = [
+            meta.advice_column(),
+            meta.advice_column(),
+            meta.advice_column(),
+            meta.advice_column(),
+            meta.advice_column(),
+            meta.advice_column(),
+            meta.advice_column(),
+            meta.advice_column(),
+            meta.advice_column(),
+            meta.advice_column(),
+        ];
+
+        // Fixed columns for the Sinsemilla generator lookup table
+        let table_idx = meta.lookup_table_column();
+        let lookup = (
+            table_idx,
+            meta.lookup_table_column(),
+            meta.lookup_table_column(),
+        );
+
+        // Instance column used for public inputs
+        let primary = meta.instance_column();
+        meta.enable_equality(primary.into());
+
+        // Permutation over all advice columns
+        for advice in advices.iter() {
+            meta.enable_equality((*advice).into());
+        }
+
+        // Poseidon requires four advice columns, while ECC incomplete addition
+        // requires six. We can reduce the proof size by sharing fixed columns
+        // between the ECC and Poseidon chips.
+        // TODO: For multiple invocations they could/should be configured in
+        // parallel rather than sharing perhaps?
+        let lagrange_coeffs = [
+            meta.fixed_column(),
+            meta.fixed_column(),
+            meta.fixed_column(),
+            meta.fixed_column(),
+            meta.fixed_column(),
+            meta.fixed_column(),
+            meta.fixed_column(),
+            meta.fixed_column(),
+        ];
+        let rc_a = lagrange_coeffs[2..5].try_into().unwrap();
+        let rc_b = lagrange_coeffs[5..8].try_into().unwrap();
+
+        // Also use the first Lagrange coefficient column for loading global constants.
+        meta.enable_constant(lagrange_coeffs[0]);
+
+        // Use one of the right-most advice columns for all of our range checks.
+        let range_check = LookupRangeCheckConfig::configure(meta, advices[9], table_idx);
+
+        // Configuration for curve point operations.
+        // This uses 10 advice columns and spans the whole circuit.
+        let ecc_config = EccChip::<OrchardFixedBases>::configure(
+            meta,
+            advices,
+            lagrange_coeffs,
+            range_check.clone(),
+        );
+
+        // Configuration for the Poseidon hash
+        let poseidon_config = PoseidonChip::configure(
+            meta,
+            P128Pow5T3,
+            advices[6..9].try_into().unwrap(),
+            advices[5],
+            rc_a,
+            rc_b,
+        );
+
+        // Configuration for a Sinsemilla hash instantiation and a
+        // Merkle hash instantiation using this Sinsemilla instance.
+        // Since the Sinsemilla config uses only 5 advice columns,
+        // we can fit two instances side-by-side.
+        let (sinsemilla_config_1, merkle_config_1) = {
+            let sinsemilla_config_1 = SinsemillaChip::configure(
+                meta,
+                advices[..5].try_into().unwrap(),
+                advices[6],
+                lagrange_coeffs[0],
+                lookup,
+                range_check.clone(),
+            );
+            let merkle_config_1 = MerkleChip::configure(meta, sinsemilla_config_1.clone());
+            (sinsemilla_config_1, merkle_config_1)
+        };
+
+        // Configuration for a Sinsemilla hash instantiation and a
+        // Merkle hash instantiation using this Sinsemilla instance.
+        // Since the Sinsemilla config uses only 5 advice columns,
+        // we can fit two instances side-by-side.
+        let (sinsemilla_config_2, merkle_config_2) = {
+            let sinsemilla_config_2 = SinsemillaChip::configure(
+                meta,
+                advices[5..].try_into().unwrap(),
+                advices[7],
+                lagrange_coeffs[1],
+                lookup,
+                range_check,
+            );
+            let merkle_config_2 = MerkleChip::configure(meta, sinsemilla_config_2.clone());
+
+            (sinsemilla_config_2, merkle_config_2)
+        };
+
+        VoteConfig {
+            primary,
+            advices,
+            ecc_config,
+            merkle_config_1,
+            merkle_config_2,
+            sinsemilla_config_1,
+            sinsemilla_config_2,
+            poseidon_config,
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn synthesize(
+        &self,
+        config: Self::Config,
+        mut layouter: impl Layouter<pallas::Base>,
+    ) -> Result<(), Error> {
+        // Load the Sinsemilla generator lookup table used by the whole circuit.
+        SinsemillaChip::load(config.sinsemilla_config_1.clone(), &mut layouter)?;
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+fn root(path: [pallas::Base; 32], leaf_pos: u32, leaf: pallas::Base) -> pallas::Base {
+    let domain = primitives::sinsemilla::HashDomain::new(MERKLE_CRH_PERSONALIZATION);
+
+    let pos_bool = i2lebsp::<32>(leaf_pos as u64);
+
+    let mut node = leaf;
+    for (l, (sibling, pos)) in path.iter().zip(pos_bool.iter()).enumerate() {
+        let (left, right) = if *pos {
+            (*sibling, node)
+        } else {
+            (node, *sibling)
+        };
+
+        let l_star = i2lebsp::<10>(l as u64);
+        let left: Vec<_> = left.to_le_bits().iter().by_val().take(255).collect();
+        let right: Vec<_> = right.to_le_bits().iter().by_val().take(255).collect();
+
+        let mut message = l_star.to_vec();
+        message.extend_from_slice(&left);
+        message.extend_from_slice(&right);
+
+        node = domain.hash(message.into_iter()).unwrap();
+    }
+    node
+}
+
+fn main() -> Result<()> {
+    // The number of rows in our circuit cannot exceed 2^k
+    // let k: u32 = 11;
+
+    // Voter is the owner of the secret key corresponding to a certain zkCensusKey.
+    let secret_key = pallas::Base::random(&mut OsRng);
+    let zk_census_key =
+        primitives::poseidon::Hash::init(P128Pow5T3, ConstantLength::<1>).hash([secret_key]);
+
+    // Voter's zkCensusKey is included in the census Merkle Tree
+    let leaf = zk_census_key.clone();
+    let pos = rand::random::<u32>();
+    let path: Vec<_> = (0..32).map(|_| pallas::Base::random(&mut OsRng)).collect();
+    let merkle_root = root(path.clone().try_into().unwrap(), pos, leaf);
+
+    // The nullifier provided by Voter uniquely corresponds to their secret
+    // key and the process ID for a specific voting process.
+    let process_id = pallas::Base::from(42);
+    let nullifier = primitives::poseidon::Hash::init(P128Pow5T3, ConstantLength::<2>)
+        .hash([secret_key, process_id]);
+
+    // The vote itself
+    let vote_blind = pallas::Scalar::random(&mut OsRng);
+    let vote = pedersen_commitment(1, vote_blind);
+    let vote_coords = vote.to_affine().coordinates().unwrap();
+
+    let _public_inputs = [
+        merkle_root,
+        nullifier,
+        process_id,
+        *vote_coords.x(),
+        *vote_coords.y(),
+    ];
+
+    Ok(())
+}

example/halo2/src/bin/burn.rs

@@ -1,73 +0,0 @@
-use std::iter;
-
-use group::{ff::PrimeFieldBits, Curve};
-use halo2::{
-    arithmetic::{CurveAffine, Field, FieldExt},
-    pasta::{Fp, Fq},
-};
-use halo2_ecc::gadget::FixedPoints;
-use halo2_poseidon::primitive::{ConstantLength, Hash, P128Pow5T3 as OrchardNullifier};
-use orchard::constants::{fixed_bases::OrchardFixedBases, sinsemilla::MERKLE_CRH_PERSONALIZATION};
-use rand::rngs::OsRng;
-use sinsemilla::primitive::{CommitDomain, HashDomain};
-
-use halo2_examples::pedersen_commitment;
-
-fn main() {
-    let secret_key = Fq::random(&mut OsRng);
-    let serial = Fp::random(&mut OsRng);
-
-    // Sinsemilla hash
-    let domain = HashDomain::new(MERKLE_CRH_PERSONALIZATION);
-    let nullifier = domain
-        .hash(
-            iter::empty()
-                .chain(secret_key.to_le_bits().iter().by_val())
-                .chain(serial.to_le_bits().iter().by_val()),
-        )
-        .unwrap();
-
-    let public_key = OrchardFixedBases::SpendAuthG.generator() * secret_key;
-    let coords = public_key.to_affine().coordinates().unwrap();
-
-    let value = 110;
-    let asset = 1;
-
-    let value_blind = Fq::random(&mut OsRng);
-    let asset_blind = Fq::random(&mut OsRng);
-
-    let coin_blind = Fp::random(&mut OsRng);
-
-    // FIXME:
-    let messages = [
-        [*coords.x(), *coords.y()],
-        [Fp::from(value), Fp::from(asset)],
-        [serial, coin_blind],
-    ];
-    let mut coin = Fp::zero();
-    for msg in messages.iter() {
-        coin += Hash::init(OrchardNullifier, ConstantLength::<2>).hash(*msg);
-    }
-
-    // TODO: Merkle
-
-    let value_commit = pedersen_commitment(value, value_blind);
-    let asset_commit = pedersen_commitment(asset, asset_blind);
-    let value_coords = value_commit.to_affine().coordinates().unwrap();
-    let asset_coords = value_commit.to_affine().coordinates().unwrap();
-
-    let sig_secret = Fq::random(&mut OsRng);
-    let sig_pubkey = OrchardFixedBases::SpendAuthG.generator() * sig_secret;
-    let sig_pk_coords = sig_pubkey.to_affine().coordinates().unwrap();
-
-    let mut public_inputs = vec![
-        nullifier,
-        *value_coords.x(),
-        *value_coords.y(),
-        *asset_coords.x(),
-        *asset_coords.y(),
-        // merkle_root,
-        *sig_pk_coords.x(),
-        *sig_pk_coords.y(),
-    ];
-}

example/halo2/src/bin/mint.rs

@@ -1,58 +1,106 @@
-use std::{convert::TryInto, time::Instant};
+use std::time::Instant;
 
-use group::{ff::Field, Curve, Group};
 use halo2::{
-    arithmetic::CurveAffine,
-    circuit::{floor_planner, Layouter},
+    circuit::{Layouter, SimpleFloorPlanner},
     dev::MockProver,
-    pasta::{vesta, Ep, Fp, Fq},
-    plonk,
-    plonk::{Circuit, ConstraintSystem, Error},
-    poly::commitment,
-    transcript::{Blake2bRead, Blake2bWrite},
+    plonk::{
+        Advice, Circuit, Column, ConstraintSystem, Error, Instance as InstanceColumn, Selector,
+    },
+    poly::Rotation,
 };
-use halo2_ecc::{chip::EccChip, gadget::FixedPoint};
-use halo2_poseidon::{
-    gadget::{Hash as PoseidonHash, Word},
-    pow5t3::{Pow5T3Chip as PoseidonChip, StateWord},
-    primitive::{ConstantLength, Hash, P128Pow5T3 as OrchardNullifier},
+use halo2_gadgets::{
+    ecc::{
+        chip::{EccChip, EccConfig},
+        FixedPoint,
+    },
+    poseidon::{
+        Hash as PoseidonHash, Pow5T3Chip as PoseidonChip, Pow5T3Config as PoseidonConfig,
+        StateWord, Word,
+    },
+    primitives,
+    primitives::poseidon::{ConstantLength, P128Pow5T3},
+    sinsemilla::{
+        chip::{SinsemillaChip, SinsemillaConfig},
+        merkle::chip::{MerkleChip, MerkleConfig},
+    },
+    utilities::{
+        copy, lookup_range_check::LookupRangeCheckConfig, CellValue, UtilitiesInstructions, Var,
+    },
 };
-use halo2_utilities::{
-    lookup_range_check::LookupRangeCheckConfig, CellValue, UtilitiesInstructions, Var,
+use pasta_curves::{
+    arithmetic::{CurveAffine, Field},
+    group::{Curve, Group},
+    pallas,
 };
-use orchard::constants::fixed_bases::OrchardFixedBases;
 use rand::rngs::OsRng;
 
-use halo2_examples::{circuit::Config, pedersen_commitment};
+use drk_halo2::{
+    constants::{
+        sinsemilla::{OrchardCommitDomains, OrchardHashDomains},
+        OrchardFixedBases,
+    },
+    crypto::pedersen_commitment,
+    proof::{Proof, ProvingKey, VerifyingKey},
+};
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
+struct MintConfig {
+    primary: Column<InstanceColumn>,
+    q_add: Selector,
+    advices: [Column<Advice>; 10],
+    ecc_config: EccConfig,
+    merkle_config_1: MerkleConfig<OrchardHashDomains, OrchardCommitDomains, OrchardFixedBases>,
+    merkle_config_2: MerkleConfig<OrchardHashDomains, OrchardCommitDomains, OrchardFixedBases>,
+    sinsemilla_config_1:
+        SinsemillaConfig<OrchardHashDomains, OrchardCommitDomains, OrchardFixedBases>,
+    sinsemilla_config_2:
+        SinsemillaConfig<OrchardHashDomains, OrchardCommitDomains, OrchardFixedBases>,
+    poseidon_config: PoseidonConfig<pallas::Base>,
+}
+
+impl MintConfig {
+    fn ecc_chip(&self) -> EccChip<OrchardFixedBases> {
+        EccChip::construct(self.ecc_config.clone())
+    }
+
+    fn poseidon_chip(&self) -> PoseidonChip<pallas::Base> {
+        PoseidonChip::construct(self.poseidon_config.clone())
+    }
+}
 
-const K: u32 = 9;
+// The public input array offsets
+const MINT_COIN_OFFSET: usize = 0;
+const MINT_VALCOMX_OFFSET: usize = 1;
+const MINT_VALCOMY_OFFSET: usize = 2;
+const MINT_ASSCOMX_OFFSET: usize = 3;
+const MINT_ASSCOMY_OFFSET: usize = 4;
 
 #[derive(Default, Debug)]
 struct MintCircuit {
-    pub_x: Option<Fp>,       // x coordinate for pubkey
-    pub_y: Option<Fp>,       // y coordinate for pubkey
-    value: Option<Fp>,       // The value of this coin
-    asset: Option<Fp>,       // The asset ID
-    serial: Option<Fp>,      // Unique serial number corresponding to this coin
-    coin_blind: Option<Fp>,  // Random blinding factor for coin
-    value_blind: Option<Fq>, // Random blinding factor for value commitment
-    asset_blind: Option<Fq>, // Random blinding factor for the asset ID
+    pub_x: Option<pallas::Base>,         // x coordinate for pubkey
+    pub_y: Option<pallas::Base>,         // y coordinate for pubkey
+    value: Option<pallas::Base>,         // The value of this coin
+    asset: Option<pallas::Base>,         // The asset ID
+    serial: Option<pallas::Base>,        // Unique serial number corresponding to this coin
+    coin_blind: Option<pallas::Base>,    // Random blinding factor for coin
+    value_blind: Option<pallas::Scalar>, // Random blinding factor for value commitment
+    asset_blind: Option<pallas::Scalar>, // Random blinding factor for the asset ID
 }
 
-impl UtilitiesInstructions<Fp> for MintCircuit {
-    type Var = CellValue<Fp>;
+impl UtilitiesInstructions<pallas::Base> for MintCircuit {
+    type Var = CellValue<pallas::Base>;
 }
 
-impl Circuit<Fp> for MintCircuit {
-    type Config = Config;
-    type FloorPlanner = floor_planner::V1;
-    //type FloorPlanner = SimpleFloorPlanner;
+impl Circuit<pallas::Base> for MintCircuit {
+    type Config = MintConfig;
+    type FloorPlanner = SimpleFloorPlanner;
 
     fn without_witnesses(&self) -> Self {
         Self::default()
     }
 
-    fn configure(meta: &mut ConstraintSystem<Fp>) -> Self::Config {
+    fn configure(meta: &mut ConstraintSystem<pallas::Base>) -> Self::Config {
+        // Advice columns used in the circuit
         let advices = [
             meta.advice_column(),
             meta.advice_column(),
@@ -66,24 +114,51 @@ impl Circuit<Fp> for MintCircuit {
             meta.advice_column(),
         ];
 
+        // Addition of two field elements
+        /*
+        let q_add = meta.selector();
+        meta.create_gate("poseidon_hash(a, b) + c", |meta| {
+            let q_add = meta.query_selector(q_add);
+            let sum = meta.query_advice(advices[6], Rotation::cur());
+            let hash = meta.query_advice(advices[7], Rotation::cur());
+            let c = meta.query_advice(advices[8], Rotation::cur());
+
+            vec![q_add * (hash + c - sum)]
+        });
+        */
         let q_add = meta.selector();
+        meta.create_gate("a+b+c", |meta| {
+            let q_add = meta.query_selector(q_add);
+            let sum = meta.query_advice(advices[5], Rotation::cur());
+            let a = meta.query_advice(advices[6], Rotation::cur());
+            let b = meta.query_advice(advices[7], Rotation::cur());
+            let c = meta.query_advice(advices[8], Rotation::cur());
 
-        let table_idx = meta.lookup_table_column();
+            vec![q_add * (a + b + c - sum)]
+        });
 
-        // let lookup = (
-        // table_idx,
-        // meta.lookup_table_column(),
-        // meta.lookup_table_column(),
-        // );
+        // Fixed columns for the Sinsemilla generator lookup table
+        let table_idx = meta.lookup_table_column();
+        let lookup = (
+            table_idx,
+            meta.lookup_table_column(),
+            meta.lookup_table_column(),
+        );
 
+        // Instance column used for public inputs
         let primary = meta.instance_column();
-
         meta.enable_equality(primary.into());
 
+        // Permutation over all advice columns
         for advice in advices.iter() {
             meta.enable_equality((*advice).into());
         }
 
+        // Poseidon requires four advice columns, while ECC incomplete addition
+        // requires six. We can reduce the proof size by sharing fixed columns
+        // between the ECC and Poseidon chips.
+        // TODO: For multiple invocations they could/should be configured in
+        // parallel rather than sharing perhaps?
         let lagrange_coeffs = [
             meta.fixed_column(),
             meta.fixed_column(),
@@ -94,14 +169,17 @@ impl Circuit<Fp> for MintCircuit {
             meta.fixed_column(),
             meta.fixed_column(),
         ];
-
         let rc_a = lagrange_coeffs[2..5].try_into().unwrap();
         let rc_b = lagrange_coeffs[5..8].try_into().unwrap();
 
+        // Also use the first Lagrange coefficient column for loading global constants.
         meta.enable_constant(lagrange_coeffs[0]);
 
+        // Use one of the right-most advice columns for all of our range checks.
         let range_check = LookupRangeCheckConfig::configure(meta, advices[9], table_idx);
 
+        // Configuration for curve point operations.
+        // This uses 10 advice columns and spans the whole circuit.
         let ecc_config = EccChip::<OrchardFixedBases>::configure(
             meta,
             advices,
@@ -109,20 +187,60 @@ impl Circuit<Fp> for MintCircuit {
             range_check.clone(),
         );
 
+        // Configuration for the Poseidon hash
         let poseidon_config = PoseidonChip::configure(
             meta,
-            OrchardNullifier,
+            P128Pow5T3,
             advices[6..9].try_into().unwrap(),
             advices[5],
             rc_a,
             rc_b,
         );
 
-        Config {
+        // Configuration for a Sinsemilla hash instantiation and a
+        // Merkle hash instantiation using this Sinsemilla instance.
+        // Since the Sinsemilla config uses only 5 advice columns,
+        // we can fit two instances side-by-side.
+        let (sinsemilla_config_1, merkle_config_1) = {
+            let sinsemilla_config_1 = SinsemillaChip::configure(
+                meta,
+                advices[..5].try_into().unwrap(),
+                advices[6],
+                lagrange_coeffs[0],
+                lookup,
+                range_check.clone(),
+            );
+            let merkle_config_1 = MerkleChip::configure(meta, sinsemilla_config_1.clone());
+            (sinsemilla_config_1, merkle_config_1)
+        };
+
+        // Configuration for a Sinsemilla hash instantiation and a
+        // Merkle hash instantiation using this Sinsemilla instance.
+        // Since the Sinsemilla config uses only 5 advice columns,
+        // we can fit two instances side-by-side.
+        let (sinsemilla_config_2, merkle_config_2) = {
+            let sinsemilla_config_2 = SinsemillaChip::configure(
+                meta,
+                advices[5..].try_into().unwrap(),
+                advices[7],
+                lagrange_coeffs[1],
+                lookup,
+                range_check,
+            );
+            let merkle_config_2 = MerkleChip::configure(meta, sinsemilla_config_2.clone());
+
+            (sinsemilla_config_2, merkle_config_2)
+        };
+
+        MintConfig {
             primary,
             q_add,
             advices,
             ecc_config,
+            merkle_config_1,
+            merkle_config_2,
+            sinsemilla_config_1,
+            sinsemilla_config_2,
             poseidon_config,
         }
     }
@@ -130,120 +248,142 @@ impl Circuit<Fp> for MintCircuit {
     fn synthesize(
         &self,
         config: Self::Config,
-        mut layouter: impl Layouter<Fp>,
+        mut layouter: impl Layouter<pallas::Base>,
     ) -> Result<(), Error> {
-        // Construct the ECC chip.
-        let ecc_chip = EccChip::construct(config.ecc_config.clone());
+        // Load the Sinsemilla generator lookup table used by the whole circuit.
+        SinsemillaChip::load(config.sinsemilla_config_1.clone(), &mut layouter)?;
+
+        let ecc_chip = config.ecc_chip();
 
         let pub_x = self.load_private(
             layouter.namespace(|| "load pubkey x"),
             config.advices[0],
             self.pub_x,
         )?;
+
         let pub_y = self.load_private(
             layouter.namespace(|| "load pubkey y"),
             config.advices[0],
             self.pub_y,
         )?;
+
         let value = self.load_private(
             layouter.namespace(|| "load value"),
             config.advices[0],
             self.value,
         )?;
+
         let asset = self.load_private(
             layouter.namespace(|| "load asset"),
             config.advices[0],
             self.asset,
         )?;
+
         let serial = self.load_private(
             layouter.namespace(|| "load serial"),
             config.advices[0],
             self.serial,
         )?;
+
         let coin_blind = self.load_private(
             layouter.namespace(|| "load coin_blind"),
             config.advices[0],
             self.coin_blind,
         )?;
 
-        // =============
-        // = Coin hash =
-        // =============
-
-        // TODO: This is a hack until issue is resolved in poseidon gadget
-        let mut coin = Fp::zero();
+        // =========
+        // Coin hash
+        // =========
         let messages = [[pub_x, pub_y], [value, asset], [serial, coin_blind]];
-        //let messages = [[pub_x, pub_y], [value, asset]];
-        //let messages = [[pub_x, pub_y]];
-        for msg in messages.iter() {
-            let poseidon_message = layouter.assign_region(
-                || "load message",
-                |mut region| {
-                    let mut message_word = |i: usize| {
-                        let val = msg[i].value();
-                        let var = region.assign_advice(
-                            || format!("load message_{}", i),
-                            config.poseidon_config.state()[i],
-                            0,
-                            || val.ok_or(Error::SynthesisError),
-                        )?;
-                        region.constrain_equal(var, msg[i].cell())?;
-                        Ok(Word::<_, _, OrchardNullifier, 3, 2>::from_inner(
-                            StateWord::new(var, val),
-                        ))
-                    };
-                    Ok([message_word(0)?, message_word(1)?])
-                },
-            )?;
-
-            let poseidon_hasher = PoseidonHash::init(
-                PoseidonChip::construct(config.poseidon_config.clone()),
-                layouter.namespace(|| "Poseidon init"),
-                ConstantLength::<2>,
-            )?;
-
-            let poseidon_output =
-                poseidon_hasher.hash(layouter.namespace(|| "Poseidon hash"), poseidon_message)?;
-
-            let poseidon_output: CellValue<Fp> = poseidon_output.inner().into();
-
-            if !poseidon_output.value().is_none() {
-                coin += poseidon_output.value().unwrap();
-            }
+        let mut hashes = vec![];
+
+        for message in messages.iter() {
+            let hash = {
+                let poseidon_message = layouter.assign_region(
+                    || "load message",
+                    |mut region| {
+                        let mut message_word = |i: usize| {
+                            let value = message[i].value();
+                            let var = region.assign_advice(
+                                || format!("load message_{}", i),
+                                config.poseidon_config.state()[i],
+                                0,
+                                || value.ok_or(Error::SynthesisError),
+                            )?;
+                            region.constrain_equal(var, message[i].cell())?;
+                            Ok(Word::<_, _, P128Pow5T3, 3, 2>::from_inner(StateWord::new(
+                                var, value,
+                            )))
+                        };
+                        Ok([message_word(0)?, message_word(1)?])
+                    },
+                )?;
+
+                let poseidon_hasher = PoseidonHash::init(
+                    config.poseidon_chip(),
+                    layouter.namespace(|| "Poseidon init"),
+                    ConstantLength::<2>,
+                )?;
+
+                let poseidon_output = poseidon_hasher.hash(
+                    layouter.namespace(|| "Poseidon hash (a, b)"),
+                    poseidon_message,
+                )?;
+
+                let poseidon_output: CellValue<pallas::Base> = poseidon_output.inner().into();
+                poseidon_output
+            };
+
+            hashes.push(hash);
         }
 
-        // if coin != Fp::zero() {
-        // println!("circuit hash: {:?}", coin);
-        // }
-
-        let hash = self.load_private(
-            layouter.namespace(|| "load hash"),
-            config.advices[0],
-            Some(coin),
+        let coin = layouter.assign_region(
+            || " `coin` = hash(a,b) + hash(c, d) + hash(e, f)",
+            |mut region| {
+                config.q_add.enable(&mut region, 0)?;
+
+                copy(&mut region, || "copy ab", config.advices[6], 0, &hashes[0])?;
+                copy(&mut region, || "copy cd", config.advices[7], 0, &hashes[1])?;
+                copy(&mut region, || "copy ef", config.advices[8], 0, &hashes[2])?;
+
+                let scalar_val = hashes[0]
+                    .value()
+                    .zip(hashes[1].value())
+                    .zip(hashes[2].value())
+                    .map(|(abcd, ef)| abcd.0 + abcd.1 + ef);
+
+                let cell = region.assign_advice(
+                    || "hash(a,b)+hash(c,d)+hash(e,f)",
+                    config.advices[5],
+                    0,
+                    || scalar_val.ok_or(Error::SynthesisError),
+                )?;
+                Ok(CellValue::new(cell, scalar_val))
+            },
         )?;
 
-        // Constrain the coin C; index in public values is 0
-        layouter.constrain_instance(hash.cell(), config.primary, 0)?;
+        // Constrain the coin C
+        layouter.constrain_instance(coin.cell(), config.primary, MINT_COIN_OFFSET)?;
 
-        // ====================
-        // = Value commitment =
-        // ====================
+        // ================
+        // Value commitment
+        // ================
 
-        // This constant one is used for multiplication
-        let one = self.load_constant(
-            layouter.namespace(|| "constant one"),
+        // This constant one is used for short multiplication
+        let one = self.load_private(
+            layouter.namespace(|| "load constant one"),
             config.advices[0],
-            Fp::one(),
+            Some(pallas::Base::one()),
         )?;
 
-        // v*G_1
+        // v * G_1
         let (commitment, _) = {
             let value_commit_v = OrchardFixedBases::ValueCommitV;
             let value_commit_v = FixedPoint::from_inner(ecc_chip.clone(), value_commit_v);
             value_commit_v.mul_short(layouter.namespace(|| "[value] ValueCommitV"), (value, one))?
         };
 
-        // r_V*G_2
+        // r_V * G_2
         let (blind, _rcv) = {
             let rcv = self.value_blind;
             let value_commit_r = OrchardFixedBases::ValueCommitR;
@@ -251,137 +391,83 @@ impl Circuit<Fp> for MintCircuit {
             value_commit_r.mul(layouter.namespace(|| "[value_blind] ValueCommitR"), rcv)?
         };
 
-        // Constrain the x and y; indexes in public values are 1 and 2
+        // Constrain the value commitment coordinates
         let value_commit = commitment.add(layouter.namespace(|| "valuecommit"), &blind)?;
-        layouter.constrain_instance(value_commit.inner().x().cell(), config.primary, 1)?;
-        layouter.constrain_instance(value_commit.inner().y().cell(), config.primary, 2)?;
-
-        // ====================
-        // = Asset commitment =
-        // ====================
+        layouter.constrain_instance(
+            value_commit.inner().x().cell(),
+            config.primary,
+            MINT_VALCOMX_OFFSET,
+        )?;
+        layouter.constrain_instance(
+            value_commit.inner().y().cell(),
+            config.primary,
+            MINT_VALCOMY_OFFSET,
+        )?;
 
-        // a*G_1
+        // ================
+        // Asset commitment
+        // ================
+        // a * G_1
         let (commitment, _) = {
             let asset_commit_v = OrchardFixedBases::ValueCommitV;
             let asset_commit_v = FixedPoint::from_inner(ecc_chip.clone(), asset_commit_v);
             asset_commit_v.mul_short(layouter.namespace(|| "[asset] ValueCommitV"), (asset, one))?
         };
 
-        // r_A*G_2
+        // r_A * G_2
         let (blind, _rca) = {
             let rca = self.asset_blind;
             let asset_commit_r = OrchardFixedBases::ValueCommitR;
-            let asset_commit_r = FixedPoint::from_inner(ecc_chip.clone(), asset_commit_r);
+            let asset_commit_r = FixedPoint::from_inner(ecc_chip, asset_commit_r);
             asset_commit_r.mul(layouter.namespace(|| "[asset_blind] ValueCommitR"), rca)?
         };
 
-        // Constrain the x and y; indexes in public values are 3 and 4
+        // Constrain the asset commitment coordinates
         let asset_commit = commitment.add(layouter.namespace(|| "assetcommit"), &blind)?;
-        layouter.constrain_instance(asset_commit.inner().x().cell(), config.primary, 3)?;
-        layouter.constrain_instance(asset_commit.inner().y().cell(), config.primary, 4)?;
-
-        Ok(())
-    }
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug)]
-struct VerifyingKey {
-    params: commitment::Params<vesta::Affine>,
-    vk: plonk::VerifyingKey<vesta::Affine>,
-}
-
-impl VerifyingKey {
-    fn build() -> Self {
-        let params = commitment::Params::new(K);
-        let circuit: MintCircuit = Default::default();
-
-        let vk = plonk::keygen_vk(&params, &circuit).unwrap();
-
-        VerifyingKey { params, vk }
-    }
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug)]
-struct ProvingKey {
-    params: commitment::Params<vesta::Affine>,
-    pk: plonk::ProvingKey<vesta::Affine>,
-}
-
-impl ProvingKey {
-    fn build() -> Self {
-        let params = commitment::Params::new(K);
-        let circuit: MintCircuit = Default::default();
-
-        let vk = plonk::keygen_vk(&params, &circuit).unwrap();
-        let pk = plonk::keygen_pk(&params, vk, &circuit).unwrap();
-
-        ProvingKey { params, pk }
-    }
-}
-
-#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
-struct Proof(Vec<u8>);
-
-impl AsRef<[u8]> for Proof {
-    fn as_ref(&self) -> &[u8] {
-        &self.0
-    }
-}
-
-impl Proof {
-    fn create(pk: &ProvingKey, circuits: &[MintCircuit], pubinputs: &[Fp]) -> Result<Self, Error> {
-        let mut transcript = Blake2bWrite::<_, vesta::Affine, _>::init(vec![]);
-        plonk::create_proof(
-            &pk.params,
-            &pk.pk,
-            circuits,
-            &[&[pubinputs]],
-            &mut transcript,
+        layouter.constrain_instance(
+            asset_commit.inner().x().cell(),
+            config.primary,
+            MINT_ASSCOMX_OFFSET,
+        )?;
+        layouter.constrain_instance(
+            asset_commit.inner().y().cell(),
+            config.primary,
+            MINT_ASSCOMY_OFFSET,
         )?;
-        Ok(Proof(transcript.finalize()))
-    }
 
-    fn verify(&self, vk: &VerifyingKey, pubinputs: &[Fp]) -> Result<(), plonk::Error> {
-        let msm = vk.params.empty_msm();
-        let mut transcript = Blake2bRead::init(&self.0[..]);
-        let guard = plonk::verify_proof(&vk.params, &vk.vk, msm, &[&[pubinputs]], &mut transcript)?;
-        let msm = guard.clone().use_challenges();
-        if msm.eval() {
-            Ok(())
-        } else {
-            Err(Error::ConstraintSystemFailure)
-        }
+        // At this point we've enforced all of our public inputs.
+        Ok(())
     }
-
-    // fn new(bytes: Vec<u8>) -> Self {
-    // Proof(bytes)
-    // }
 }
 
 fn main() {
-    let pubkey = Ep::random(&mut OsRng);
+    // The number of rows in our circuit cannot exceed 2^k
+    let k: u32 = 11;
+
+    let pubkey = pallas::Point::random(&mut OsRng);
     let coords = pubkey.to_affine().coordinates().unwrap();
 
-    let value = 110;
+    let value = 42;
     let asset = 1;
 
-    let value_blind = Fq::random(&mut OsRng);
-    let asset_blind = Fq::random(&mut OsRng);
+    let value_blind = pallas::Scalar::random(&mut OsRng);
+    let asset_blind = pallas::Scalar::random(&mut OsRng);
 
-    let serial = Fp::random(&mut OsRng);
-    let coin_blind = Fp::random(&mut OsRng);
+    let serial = pallas::Base::random(&mut OsRng);
+    let coin_blind = pallas::Base::random(&mut OsRng);
 
-    let mut coin = Fp::zero();
+    // poseidon_hash(x, y) + poseidon_hash(value, asset) + poseidon_hash(serial, coin_blind)
+    let mut coin = pallas::Base::zero();
 
     let messages = [
         [*coords.x(), *coords.y()],
-        [Fp::from(value), Fp::from(asset)],
+        [pallas::Base::from(value), pallas::Base::from(asset)],
         [serial, coin_blind],
     ];
 
-    // TODO: This is a hack until issue is fixed in poseidon gadget
     for msg in messages.iter() {
-        coin += Hash::init(OrchardNullifier, ConstantLength::<2>).hash(*msg);
+        let hash = primitives::poseidon::Hash::init(P128Pow5T3, ConstantLength::<2>).hash(*msg);
+        coin += hash;
     }
 
     let value_commit = pedersen_commitment(value, value_blind);
@@ -390,7 +476,7 @@ fn main() {
     let asset_commit = pedersen_commitment(asset, asset_blind);
     let asset_coords = asset_commit.to_affine().coordinates().unwrap();
 
-    let mut public_inputs = vec![
+    let public_inputs = vec![
         coin,
         *value_coords.x(),
         *value_coords.y(),
@@ -401,33 +487,22 @@ fn main() {
     let circuit = MintCircuit {
         pub_x: Some(*coords.x()),
         pub_y: Some(*coords.y()),
-        value: Some(vesta::Scalar::from(value)),
-        asset: Some(vesta::Scalar::from(asset)),
+        value: Some(pallas::Base::from(value)),
+        asset: Some(pallas::Base::from(asset)),
         serial: Some(serial),
         coin_blind: Some(coin_blind),
         value_blind: Some(value_blind),
         asset_blind: Some(asset_blind),
     };
 
-    // Valid MockProver
-    let prover = MockProver::run(K, &circuit, vec![public_inputs.clone()]).unwrap();
+    let prover = MockProver::run(k, &circuit, vec![public_inputs.clone()]).unwrap();
     assert_eq!(prover.verify(), Ok(()));
 
-    // Add 1 to break the public inputs
-    public_inputs[0] += Fp::from(0xdeadbeef);
-
-    // Invalid MockProver
-    let prover = MockProver::run(K, &circuit, vec![public_inputs.clone()]).unwrap();
-    assert!(prover.verify().is_err());
-
-    // Remove 1 to make the public inputs valid again
-    public_inputs[0] -= Fp::from(0xdeadbeef);
-
     // Actual ZK proof
     let start = Instant::now();
-    let vk = VerifyingKey::build();
-    let pk = ProvingKey::build();
-    println!("\nSetup: [{:?}]", start.elapsed());
+    let vk = VerifyingKey::build(k, MintCircuit::default());
+    let pk = ProvingKey::build(k, MintCircuit::default());
+    println!("Setup: [{:?}]", start.elapsed());
 
     let start = Instant::now();
     let proof = Proof::create(&pk, &[circuit], &public_inputs).unwrap();

example/halo2/src/bin/poseidon.rs

@@ -1,80 +1,58 @@
-use std::convert::TryInto;
-use std::time::Instant;
-
 use halo2::{
-    circuit::{floor_planner, Layouter},
-    pasta::{vesta, Fp},
-    plonk,
-    plonk::{
-        Advice, Circuit, Column, ConstraintSystem, Error, Instance as InstanceColumn, Selector,
-    },
-    poly::{commitment, Rotation},
-    transcript::{Blake2bRead, Blake2bWrite},
+    circuit::{Layouter, SimpleFloorPlanner},
+    dev::MockProver,
+    plonk::{Advice, Circuit, Column, ConstraintSystem, Error, Instance as InstanceColumn},
 };
-
-use halo2_poseidon::{
-    gadget::{Hash as PoseidonHash, Word},
-    pow5t3::{Pow5T3Chip as PoseidonChip, Pow5T3Config as PoseidonConfig, StateWord},
-    primitive::{ConstantLength, Hash, P128Pow5T3 as OrchardNullifier},
+use halo2_gadgets::{
+    poseidon::{Hash as PoseidonHash, Pow5T3Chip as PoseidonChip, Pow5T3Config as PoseidonConfig},
+    primitives,
+    primitives::poseidon::{ConstantLength, P128Pow5T3},
+    utilities::{CellValue, UtilitiesInstructions, Var},
 };
-use halo2_utilities::{copy, CellValue, UtilitiesInstructions, Var};
-
-const K: u32 = 6;
+use pasta_curves::pallas;
 
-#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
+#[derive(Clone)]
 struct Config {
     primary: Column<InstanceColumn>,
-    q_add: Selector,
-    advices: [Column<Advice>; 10],
-    poseidon_config: PoseidonConfig<Fp>,
+    advices: [Column<Advice>; 5],
+    poseidon_config: PoseidonConfig<pallas::Base>,
+}
+
+impl Config {
+    fn poseidon_chip(&self) -> PoseidonChip<pallas::Base> {
+        PoseidonChip::construct(self.poseidon_config.clone())
+    }
 }
 
-#[derive(Default, Debug)]
+#[derive(Default)]
 struct HashCircuit {
-    a: Option<Fp>, // First input for hash
-    b: Option<Fp>, // Second input for hash
-    c: Option<Fp>, // c is summed with hash
+    a: Option<pallas::Base>,
+    b: Option<pallas::Base>,
+    c: Option<pallas::Base>,
+    d: Option<pallas::Base>,
 }
 
-impl UtilitiesInstructions<Fp> for HashCircuit {
-    type Var = CellValue<Fp>;
+impl UtilitiesInstructions<pallas::Base> for HashCircuit {
+    type Var = CellValue<pallas::Base>;
 }
 
-impl Circuit<Fp> for HashCircuit {
+impl Circuit<pallas::Base> for HashCircuit {
     type Config = Config;
-    type FloorPlanner = floor_planner::V1;
+    type FloorPlanner = SimpleFloorPlanner;
 
     fn without_witnesses(&self) -> Self {
         Self::default()
     }
 
-    fn configure(meta: &mut ConstraintSystem<Fp>) -> Self::Config {
-        // 10 advice columns
+    fn configure(meta: &mut ConstraintSystem<pallas::Base>) -> Self::Config {
         let advices = [
             meta.advice_column(),
             meta.advice_column(),
             meta.advice_column(),
             meta.advice_column(),
             meta.advice_column(),
-            meta.advice_column(),
-            meta.advice_column(),
-            meta.advice_column(),
-            meta.advice_column(),
-            meta.advice_column(),
         ];
 
-        // Addition of two field elements: poseidon_hash(a, b) + c
-        let q_add = meta.selector();
-
-        meta.create_gate("poseidon_hash(a, b) + c", |meta| {
-            let q_add = meta.query_selector(q_add);
-            let sum = meta.query_advice(advices[6], Rotation::cur());
-            let hash = meta.query_advice(advices[7], Rotation::cur());
-            let c = meta.query_advice(advices[8], Rotation::cur());
-
-            vec![q_add * (hash + c - sum)]
-        });
-
         let primary = meta.instance_column();
         meta.enable_equality(primary.into());
 
@@ -100,16 +78,15 @@ impl Circuit<Fp> for HashCircuit {
 
         let poseidon_config = PoseidonChip::configure(
             meta,
-            OrchardNullifier,
-            advices[6..9].try_into().unwrap(),
-            advices[5],
+            P128Pow5T3,
+            advices[1..4].try_into().unwrap(),
+            advices[4],
             rc_a,
             rc_b,
         );
 
         Config {
             primary,
-            q_add,
             advices,
             poseidon_config,
         }
@@ -118,40 +95,20 @@ impl Circuit<Fp> for HashCircuit {
     fn synthesize(
         &self,
         config: Self::Config,
-        mut layouter: impl Layouter<Fp>,
+        mut layouter: impl Layouter<pallas::Base>,
     ) -> Result<(), Error> {
         let a = self.load_private(layouter.namespace(|| "load a"), config.advices[0], self.a)?;
         let b = self.load_private(layouter.namespace(|| "load b"), config.advices[0], self.b)?;
         let c = self.load_private(layouter.namespace(|| "load c"), config.advices[0], self.c)?;
+        let d = self.load_private(layouter.namespace(|| "load d"), config.advices[0], self.d)?;
 
         let hash = {
-            let message = [a, b];
-
-            let poseidon_message = layouter.assign_region(
-                || "load message",
-                |mut region| {
-                    let mut message_word = |i: usize| {
-                        let value = message[i].value();
-                        let var = region.assign_advice(
-                            || format!("load message_{}", i),
-                            config.poseidon_config.state()[i],
-                            0,
-                            || value.ok_or(Error::SynthesisError),
-                        )?;
-                        region.constrain_equal(var, message[i].cell())?;
-                        Ok(Word::<_, _, OrchardNullifier, 3, 2>::from_inner(
-                            StateWord::new(var, value),
-                        ))
-                    };
-                    Ok([message_word(0)?, message_word(1)?])
-                },
-            )?;
+            let poseidon_message = [a, b, c, d];
 
-            let poseidon_hasher = PoseidonHash::init(
-                //config.poseidon_chip(),
-                PoseidonChip::construct(config.poseidon_config.clone()),
+            let poseidon_hasher = PoseidonHash::<_, _, P128Pow5T3, _, 3, 2>::init(
+                config.poseidon_chip(),
                 layouter.namespace(|| "Poseidon init"),
-                ConstantLength::<2>,
+                ConstantLength::<4>,
             )?;
 
             let poseidon_output = poseidon_hasher.hash(
@@ -159,140 +116,37 @@ impl Circuit<Fp> for HashCircuit {
                 poseidon_message,
             )?;
 
-            let poseidon_output: CellValue<Fp> = poseidon_output.inner().into();
+            let poseidon_output: CellValue<pallas::Base> = poseidon_output.inner().into();
             poseidon_output
         };
 
-        // Add hash output to c
-        let scalar = layouter.assign_region(
-            || " `scalar` = poseidon_hash(a, b) + c",
-            |mut region| {
-                config.q_add.enable(&mut region, 0)?;
-
-                copy(&mut region, || "copy hash", config.advices[7], 0, &hash)?;
-                copy(&mut region, || "copy c", config.advices[8], 0, &c)?;
-
-                let scalar_val = hash.value().zip(c.value()).map(|(hash, c)| hash + c);
-
-                let cell = region.assign_advice(
-                    || "poseidon_hash(a, b) + c",
-                    config.advices[6],
-                    0,
-                    || scalar_val.ok_or(Error::SynthesisError),
-                )?;
-                Ok(CellValue::new(cell, scalar_val))
-            },
-        )?;
-
-        layouter.constrain_instance(scalar.cell(), config.primary, 0)
-    }
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug)]
-struct VerifyingKey {
-    params: commitment::Params<vesta::Affine>,
-    vk: plonk::VerifyingKey<vesta::Affine>,
-}
-
-impl VerifyingKey {
-    fn build() -> Self {
-        let params = commitment::Params::new(K);
-        let circuit: HashCircuit = Default::default();
-
-        let vk = plonk::keygen_vk(&params, &circuit).unwrap();
-
-        VerifyingKey { params, vk }
-    }
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug)]
-struct ProvingKey {
-    params: commitment::Params<vesta::Affine>,
-    pk: plonk::ProvingKey<vesta::Affine>,
-}
-
-impl ProvingKey {
-    fn build() -> Self {
-        let params = commitment::Params::new(K);
-        let circuit: HashCircuit = Default::default();
-
-        let vk = plonk::keygen_vk(&params, &circuit).unwrap();
-        let pk = plonk::keygen_pk(&params, vk, &circuit).unwrap();
-
-        ProvingKey { params, pk }
-    }
-}
-
-#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
-struct Proof(Vec<u8>);
-
-impl AsRef<[u8]> for Proof {
-    fn as_ref(&self) -> &[u8] {
-        &self.0
-    }
-}
-
-impl Proof {
-    fn create(pk: &ProvingKey, circuits: &[HashCircuit], pubinputs: &[Fp]) -> Result<Self, Error> {
-        let mut transcript = Blake2bWrite::<_, vesta::Affine, _>::init(vec![]);
-        plonk::create_proof(
-            &pk.params,
-            &pk.pk,
-            circuits,
-            &[&[pubinputs]],
-            &mut transcript,
-        )?;
-        Ok(Proof(transcript.finalize()))
-    }
+        layouter.constrain_instance(hash.cell(), config.primary, 0)?;
 
-    fn verify(&self, vk: &VerifyingKey, pubinputs: &[Fp]) -> Result<(), plonk::Error> {
-        let msm = vk.params.empty_msm();
-        let mut transcript = Blake2bRead::init(&self.0[..]);
-        let guard = plonk::verify_proof(&vk.params, &vk.vk, msm, &[&[pubinputs]], &mut transcript)?;
-        let msm = guard.clone().use_challenges();
-        if msm.eval() {
-            Ok(())
-        } else {
-            Err(Error::ConstraintSystemFailure)
-        }
+        Ok(())
     }
-
-    // fn new(bytes: Vec<u8>) -> Self {
-    // Proof(bytes)
-    // }
 }
 
 fn main() {
-    let a = Fp::from(13);
-    let b = Fp::from(69);
-    let c = Fp::from(42);
+    // The number of rows in our circuit cannot exceed 2^k
+    let k: u32 = 9;
+
+    let a = pallas::Base::from(1);
+    let b = pallas::Base::from(2);
+    let c = pallas::Base::from(3);
+    let d = pallas::Base::from(4);
 
-    let message = [a, b];
-    let output = Hash::init(OrchardNullifier, ConstantLength::<2>).hash(message);
+    let message = [a, b, c, d];
+    let hash = primitives::poseidon::Hash::init(P128Pow5T3, ConstantLength::<4>).hash(message);
 
     let circuit = HashCircuit {
         a: Some(a),
         b: Some(b),
         c: Some(c),
+        d: Some(d),
     };
 
-    let sum = output + c;
-
-    // Correct:
-    let public_inputs = vec![sum];
-    // Incorrect:
-    // let public_inputs = vec![sum + Fp::one()];
-
-    let start = Instant::now();
-    let vk = VerifyingKey::build();
-    let pk = ProvingKey::build();
-    println!("Setup: [{:?}]", start.elapsed());
-
-    let start = Instant::now();
-    let proof = Proof::create(&pk, &[circuit], &public_inputs).unwrap();
-    println!("Prove: [{:?}]", start.elapsed());
+    let public_inputs = vec![hash];
 
-    let start = Instant::now();
-    assert!(proof.verify(&vk, &public_inputs).is_ok());
-    println!("Verify: [{:?}]", start.elapsed());
+    let prover = MockProver::run(k, &circuit, vec![public_inputs]).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(prover.verify(), Ok(()));
 }

examples/halo2/src/bin/poseidon.rs → example/halo2/src/bin/poseidon_add.rs

@@ -9,10 +9,7 @@ use halo2::{
     poly::Rotation,
 };
 use halo2_gadgets::{
-    poseidon::{
-        Hash as PoseidonHash, Pow5T3Chip as PoseidonChip, Pow5T3Config as PoseidonConfig,
-        StateWord, Word,
-    },
+    poseidon::{Hash as PoseidonHash, Pow5T3Chip as PoseidonChip, Pow5T3Config as PoseidonConfig},
     primitives,
     primitives::poseidon::{ConstantLength, P128Pow5T3},
     utilities::{copy, CellValue, UtilitiesInstructions, Var},
@@ -138,29 +135,9 @@ impl Circuit<pallas::Base> for HashCircuit {
         let c = self.load_private(layouter.namespace(|| "load c"), config.advices[0], self.c)?;
 
         let hash = {
-            let message = [a, b];
-
-            let poseidon_message = layouter.assign_region(
-                || "load message",
-                |mut region| {
-                    let mut message_word = |i: usize| {
-                        let value = message[i].value();
-                        let var = region.assign_advice(
-                            || format!("load message_{}", i),
-                            config.poseidon_config.state()[i],
-                            0,
-                            || value.ok_or(Error::SynthesisError),
-                        )?;
-                        region.constrain_equal(var, message[i].cell())?;
-                        Ok(Word::<_, _, P128Pow5T3, 3, 2>::from_inner(StateWord::new(
-                            var, value,
-                        )))
-                    };
-                    Ok([message_word(0)?, message_word(1)?])
-                },
-            )?;
+            let poseidon_message = [a, b];
 
-            let poseidon_hasher = PoseidonHash::init(
+            let poseidon_hasher = PoseidonHash::<_, _, P128Pow5T3, _, 3, 2>::init(
                 config.poseidon_chip(),
                 layouter.namespace(|| "Poseidon init"),
                 ConstantLength::<2>,
@@ -235,14 +212,17 @@ fn main() {
 
     // Actual ZK proof
     let start = Instant::now();
-    let vk = VerifyingKey::build(k, HashCircuit::default());
     let pk = ProvingKey::build(k, HashCircuit::default());
-    println!("Setup: [{:?}]", start.elapsed());
+    println!("Setup Prover: [{:?}]", start.elapsed());
 
     let start = Instant::now();
     let proof = Proof::create(&pk, &[circuit], &public_inputs).unwrap();
     println!("Prove: [{:?}]", start.elapsed());
 
+    let start = Instant::now();
+    let vk = VerifyingKey::build(k, HashCircuit::default());
+    println!("Setup Verifier: [{:?}]", start.elapsed());
+
     let start = Instant::now();
     assert!(proof.verify(&vk, &public_inputs).is_ok());
     println!("Verify: [{:?}]", start.elapsed());

example/halo2/src/bin/simple3.rs

@@ -1,130 +0,0 @@
-use halo2::{
-    circuit::{SimpleFloorPlanner, Chip, Layouter},
-    pasta::{EqAffine, Fp},
-    plonk::{Advice, Circuit, Column, ConstraintSystem, Error, Expression, Selector, create_proof, verify_proof, keygen_vk, keygen_pk},
-    poly::{commitment::Params, Rotation},
-    transcript::{Blake2bRead, Blake2bWrite, Challenge255},
-};
-use std::time::Instant;
-
-#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
-struct CoolConfig {
-    a_col: Column<Advice>,
-    s_range: Selector,
-}
-
-struct CoolChip {
-    config: CoolConfig
-}
-
-impl Chip<Fp> for CoolChip {
-    type Config = CoolConfig;
-    type Loaded = ();
-
-    fn config(&self) -> &Self::Config {
-        &self.config
-    }
-
-    fn loaded(&self) -> &Self::Loaded {
-        &()
-    }
-}
-
-impl CoolChip {
-    fn construct(config: CoolConfig) -> Self {
-        Self { config }
-    }
-
-    fn configure(cs: &mut ConstraintSystem<Fp>) -> CoolConfig {
-        let a_col = cs.advice_column();
-        let s_range = cs.selector();
-
-        cs.create_gate("check", |cs| {
-            let a = cs.query_advice(a_col, Rotation::cur());
-            let s_range = cs.query_selector(s_range);
-            vec![s_range * (a - Expression::Constant(Fp::from(2)))]
-        });
-
-        CoolConfig { a_col, s_range }
-    }
-
-    fn alloc_and_check(
-        &self,
-        layouter: &mut impl Layouter<Fp>,
-        a: Option<Fp>,
-    ) -> Result<(), Error> {
-        layouter.assign_region(
-            || "load private inputs",
-            |mut region| {
-                let row_offset = 0;
-                self.config.s_range.enable(&mut region, row_offset)?;
-                region.assign_advice(
-                    || "private input 'a'",
-                    self.config.a_col,
-                    row_offset,
-                    || a.ok_or(Error::SynthesisError),
-                )?;
-                Ok(())
-            },
-        )
-    }
-}
-
-#[derive(Clone)]
-struct CoolCircuit {
-    // Private input.
-    a: Option<Fp>,
-}
-
-impl Circuit<Fp> for CoolCircuit {
-    type Config = CoolConfig;
-    type FloorPlanner = SimpleFloorPlanner;
-
-    fn without_witnesses(&self) -> Self {
-        Self { a: None }
-    }
-
-    fn configure(cs: &mut ConstraintSystem<Fp>) -> Self::Config {
-        CoolChip::configure(cs)
-    }
-
-    fn synthesize(&self, config: Self::Config, mut layouter: impl Layouter<Fp>) -> Result<(), Error> {
-        let chip = CoolChip::construct(config);
-        chip.alloc_and_check(&mut layouter, self.a)
-    }
-}
-
-fn main() {
-    let start = Instant::now();
-    let params: Params<EqAffine> = Params::new(4);
-
-    let empty_circuit = CoolCircuit { a: None };
-    let vk = keygen_vk(&params, &empty_circuit).expect("keygen_vk should not fail");
-    let pk = keygen_pk(&params, vk, &empty_circuit).expect("keygen_pk should not fail");
-    println!("Setup: [{:?}]", start.elapsed());
-
-    let start = Instant::now();
-    let circuit = CoolCircuit {
-        a: Some(Fp::from(2)),
-    };
-
-    // Create a proof
-    let mut transcript = Blake2bWrite::<_, _, Challenge255<_>>::init(vec![]);
-    create_proof(&params, &pk, &[circuit], &[&[]], &mut transcript)
-        .expect("proof generation should not fail");
-    let proof = transcript.finalize();
-    println!("Prove: [{:?}]", start.elapsed());
-
-    let start = Instant::now();
-    let msm = params.empty_msm();
-    let mut transcript = Blake2bRead::<_, _, Challenge255<_>>::init(&proof[..]);
-    let verification = verify_proof(&params, pk.get_vk(), msm, &[&[]], &mut transcript);
-    if let Err(err) = verification {
-        panic!("error {:?}", err);
-    }
-    let guard = verification.unwrap();
-    let msm = guard.clone().use_challenges();
-    assert!(msm.eval());
-    println!("Verify: [{:?}]", start.elapsed());
-}
-

example/halo2/src/bin/simple4.rs

@@ -1,267 +0,0 @@
-use halo2::{
-    circuit::{SimpleFloorPlanner, Cell, Chip, Layouter},
-    pasta::{EqAffine, Fp},
-    plonk::{Advice, Any, Circuit, Column, ConstraintSystem, Error, Expression, Selector, create_proof, verify_proof, keygen_vk, keygen_pk, Permutation},
-    poly::{commitment::{Blind, Params}, Rotation},
-    transcript::{Blake2bRead, Blake2bWrite, Challenge255},
-};
-use group::Curve;
-use std::time::Instant;
-
-#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
-struct CoolConfig {
-    a_col: Column<Advice>,
-    b_col: Column<Advice>,
-    permute: Permutation,
-    s_range: Selector,
-    s_mul: Selector,
-    s_pub: Selector,
-}
-
-struct CoolChip {
-    config: CoolConfig
-}
-
-impl Chip<Fp> for CoolChip {
-    type Config = CoolConfig;
-    type Loaded = ();
-
-    fn config(&self) -> &Self::Config {
-        &self.config
-    }
-
-    fn loaded(&self) -> &Self::Loaded {
-        &()
-    }
-}
-
-#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
-struct Number {
-    cell: Cell,
-    value: Option<Fp>,
-}
-
-impl CoolChip {
-    fn construct(config: CoolConfig) -> Self {
-        Self { config }
-    }
-
-    fn configure(cs: &mut ConstraintSystem<Fp>) -> CoolConfig {
-        let a_col = cs.advice_column();
-        let b_col = cs.advice_column();
-
-        let instance = cs.instance_column();
-
-        let permute = {
-            // Convert advice columns into an "any" columns.
-            let cols: [Column<Any>; 2] = [a_col.into(), b_col.into()];
-            Permutation::new(cs, &cols)
-        };
-
-        let s_range = cs.selector();
-        let s_mul = cs.selector();
-        let s_pub = cs.selector();
-
-        cs.create_gate("check", |cs| {
-            let a = cs.query_advice(a_col, Rotation::cur());
-            let s_range = cs.query_selector(s_range);
-            vec![s_range * (a - Expression::Constant(Fp::from(2)))]
-        });
-
-        cs.create_gate("mul", |cs| {
-            let lhs = cs.query_advice(a_col, Rotation::cur());
-            let rhs = cs.query_advice(b_col, Rotation::cur());
-            let out = cs.query_advice(a_col, Rotation::next());
-            let s_mul = cs.query_selector(s_mul);
-
-            vec![s_mul * (lhs * rhs + out * -Fp::one())]
-        });
-
-        cs.create_gate("public input", |cs| {
-            let a = cs.query_advice(b_col, Rotation::cur());
-            let p = cs.query_instance(instance, Rotation::cur());
-            let s = cs.query_selector(s_pub);
-
-            vec![s * (p + a * -Fp::one())]
-        });
-
-        CoolConfig { a_col, b_col, permute, s_range, s_mul, s_pub }
-    }
-
-    fn alloc_left(
-        &self,
-        layouter: &mut impl Layouter<Fp>,
-        value: Option<Fp>
-    ) -> Result<Number, Error> {
-        layouter.assign_region(
-            || "load left private input",
-            |mut region| {
-                let cell = region.assign_advice(
-                    || "private input 'a'",
-                    self.config.a_col,
-                    0,
-                    || value.ok_or(Error::SynthesisError),
-                )?;
-                Ok(Number { cell, value })
-            }
-        )
-    }
-
-    fn check(
-        &self,
-        layouter: &mut impl Layouter<Fp>,
-        number: Number
-    ) -> Result<(), Error> {
-        layouter.assign_region(
-            || "load private inputs",
-            |mut region| {
-                self.config.s_range.enable(&mut region, 0)?;
-
-                let a = region.assign_advice(
-                    || "lhs",
-                    self.config.a_col,
-                    0,
-                    || number.value.ok_or(Error::SynthesisError),
-                )?;
-                region.constrain_equal(&self.config.permute, number.cell, a)?;
-
-                Ok(())
-            },
-        )
-    }
-
-    fn mul(
-        &self,
-        layouter: &mut impl Layouter<Fp>,
-        a: Number,
-        b: Number
-    ) -> Result<Number, Error> {
-        let mut out = None;
-        layouter.assign_region(
-            || "mul",
-            |mut region| {
-                self.config.s_mul.enable(&mut region, 0)?;
-
-                let lhs = region.assign_advice(
-                    || "lhs",
-                    self.config.a_col,
-                    0,
-                    || a.value.ok_or(Error::SynthesisError),
-                )?;
-                let rhs = region.assign_advice(
-                    || "rhs",
-                    self.config.b_col,
-                    0,
-                    || b.value.ok_or(Error::SynthesisError),
-                )?;
-                region.constrain_equal(&self.config.permute, a.cell, lhs)?;
-                region.constrain_equal(&self.config.permute, b.cell, rhs)?;
-
-                let value = a.value.and_then(|a| b.value.map(|b| a * b));
-                let cell = region.assign_advice(
-                    || "lhs * rhs",
-                    self.config.a_col,
-                    1,
-                    || value.ok_or(Error::SynthesisError),
-                )?;
-
-                out = Some(Number { cell, value });
-                Ok(())
-            },
-        )?;
-
-        Ok(out.unwrap())
-    }
-
-    fn expose_public(&self, layouter: &mut impl Layouter<Fp>, num: Number) -> Result<(), Error> {
-        layouter.assign_region(
-            || "expose public",
-            |mut region| {
-                self.config.s_pub.enable(&mut region, 0)?;
-
-                let out = region.assign_advice(
-                    || "public advice",
-                    self.config.b_col,
-                    0,
-                    || num.value.ok_or(Error::SynthesisError),
-                )?;
-                region.constrain_equal(&self.config.permute, num.cell, out)?;
-
-                Ok(())
-            },
-        )
-    }
-}
-
-#[derive(Clone)]
-struct CoolCircuit {
-    // Private input.
-    a: Option<Fp>,
-}
-
-impl Circuit<Fp> for CoolCircuit {
-    type Config = CoolConfig;
-    type FloorPlanner = SimpleFloorPlanner;
-
-    fn without_witnesses(&self) -> Self {
-        Self { a: None }
-    }
-
-    fn configure(cs: &mut ConstraintSystem<Fp>) -> Self::Config {
-        CoolChip::configure(cs)
-    }
-
-    fn synthesize(&self, config: Self::Config, mut layouter: impl Layouter<Fp>) -> Result<(), Error> {
-        let chip = CoolChip::construct(config);
-        let a = chip.alloc_left(&mut layouter, self.a)?;
-        chip.check(&mut layouter, a.clone())?;
-        let a2 = chip.mul(&mut layouter, a.clone(), a)?;
-        chip.expose_public(&mut layouter, a2)?;
-        Ok(())
-    }
-}
-
-fn main() {
-    let k = 6;
-
-    let start = Instant::now();
-    let params: Params<EqAffine> = Params::new(k);
-
-    let empty_circuit = CoolCircuit { a: None };
-    let vk = keygen_vk(&params, &empty_circuit).expect("keygen_vk should not fail");
-    let pk = keygen_pk(&params, vk, &empty_circuit).expect("keygen_pk should not fail");
-    println!("Setup: [{:?}]", start.elapsed());
-
-    let start = Instant::now();
-    let circuit = CoolCircuit {
-        a: Some(Fp::from(2)),
-    };
-
-    let mut public_inputs = pk.get_vk().get_domain().empty_lagrange();
-    public_inputs[4] = Fp::from(4);
-
-    // Create a proof
-    let mut transcript = Blake2bWrite::<_, _, Challenge255<_>>::init(vec![]);
-    create_proof(&params, &pk, &[circuit], &[&[public_inputs.clone()]], &mut transcript)
-        .expect("proof generation should not fail");
-    let proof = transcript.finalize();
-    println!("Prove: [{:?}]", start.elapsed());
-
-    let pubinput = params
-        .commit_lagrange(&public_inputs, Blind::default())
-        .to_affine();
-    let pubinput_slice = &[pubinput];
-
-    let start = Instant::now();
-    let msm = params.empty_msm();
-    let mut transcript = Blake2bRead::<_, _, Challenge255<_>>::init(&proof[..]);
-    let verification = verify_proof(&params, pk.get_vk(), msm, &[pubinput_slice], &mut transcript);
-    if let Err(err) = verification {
-        panic!("error {:?}", err);
-    }
-    let guard = verification.unwrap();
-    let msm = guard.clone().use_challenges();
-    assert!(msm.eval());
-    println!("Verify: [{:?}]", start.elapsed());
-}
-

example/halo2/src/circuit.rs

@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-use halo2::{
-    pasta::pallas,
-    plonk::{Advice, Column, Instance as InstanceColumn, Selector},
-};
-
-use halo2_ecc::chip::EccConfig;
-use halo2_poseidon::pow5t3::Pow5T3Config as PoseidonConfig;
-
-#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
-pub struct Config {
-    pub primary: Column<InstanceColumn>,
-    pub q_add: Selector,
-    pub advices: [Column<Advice>; 10],
-    pub ecc_config: EccConfig,
-    pub poseidon_config: PoseidonConfig<pallas::Base>,
-}

example/halo2/src/endian.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+macro_rules! define_slice_to_be {
+    ($name: ident, $type: ty) => {
+        #[inline]
+        pub fn $name(slice: &[u8]) -> $type {
+            assert_eq!(slice.len(), ::std::mem::size_of::<$type>());
+            let mut res = 0;
+            for i in 0..::std::mem::size_of::<$type>() {
+                res |= (slice[i] as $type) << (::std::mem::size_of::<$type>() - i - 1) * 8;
+            }
+            res
+        }
+    };
+}
+macro_rules! define_slice_to_le {
+    ($name: ident, $type: ty) => {
+        #[inline]
+        pub fn $name(slice: &[u8]) -> $type {
+            assert_eq!(slice.len(), ::std::mem::size_of::<$type>());
+            let mut res = 0;
+            for i in 0..::std::mem::size_of::<$type>() {
+                res |= (slice[i] as $type) << i * 8;
+            }
+            res
+        }
+    };
+}
+macro_rules! define_be_to_array {
+    ($name: ident, $type: ty, $byte_len: expr) => {
+        #[inline]
+        pub fn $name(val: $type) -> [u8; $byte_len] {
+            assert_eq!(::std::mem::size_of::<$type>(), $byte_len); // size_of isn't a constfn in 1.22
+            let mut res = [0; $byte_len];
+            for i in 0..$byte_len {
+                res[i] = ((val >> ($byte_len - i - 1) * 8) & 0xff) as u8;
+            }
+            res
+        }
+    };
+}
+macro_rules! define_le_to_array {
+    ($name: ident, $type: ty, $byte_len: expr) => {
+        #[inline]
+        pub fn $name(val: $type) -> [u8; $byte_len] {
+            assert_eq!(::std::mem::size_of::<$type>(), $byte_len); // size_of isn't a constfn in 1.22
+            let mut res = [0; $byte_len];
+            for i in 0..$byte_len {
+                res[i] = ((val >> i * 8) & 0xff) as u8;
+            }
+            res
+        }
+    };
+}
+
+define_slice_to_be!(slice_to_u32_be, u32);
+define_be_to_array!(u32_to_array_be, u32, 4);
+define_slice_to_le!(slice_to_u16_le, u16);
+define_slice_to_le!(slice_to_u32_le, u32);
+define_slice_to_le!(slice_to_u64_le, u64);
+define_le_to_array!(u16_to_array_le, u16, 2);
+define_le_to_array!(u32_to_array_le, u32, 4);
+define_le_to_array!(u64_to_array_le, u64, 8);
+
+#[inline]
+pub fn i16_to_array_le(val: i16) -> [u8; 2] {
+    u16_to_array_le(val as u16)
+}
+#[inline]
+pub fn slice_to_i16_le(slice: &[u8]) -> i16 {
+    slice_to_u16_le(slice) as i16
+}
+#[inline]
+pub fn slice_to_i32_le(slice: &[u8]) -> i32 {
+    slice_to_u32_le(slice) as i32
+}
+#[inline]
+pub fn i32_to_array_le(val: i32) -> [u8; 4] {
+    u32_to_array_le(val as u32)
+}
+#[inline]
+pub fn slice_to_i64_le(slice: &[u8]) -> i64 {
+    slice_to_u64_le(slice) as i64
+}
+#[inline]
+pub fn i64_to_array_le(val: i64) -> [u8; 8] {
+    u64_to_array_le(val as u64)
+}
+
+macro_rules! define_chunk_slice_to_int {
+    ($name: ident, $type: ty, $converter: ident) => {
+        #[inline]
+        pub fn $name(inp: &[u8], outp: &mut [$type]) {
+            assert_eq!(inp.len(), outp.len() * ::std::mem::size_of::<$type>());
+            for (outp_val, data_bytes) in outp
+                .iter_mut()
+                .zip(inp.chunks(::std::mem::size_of::<$type>()))
+            {
+                *outp_val = $converter(data_bytes);
+            }
+        }
+    };
+}
+define_chunk_slice_to_int!(bytes_to_u64_slice_le, u64, slice_to_u64_le);
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn endianness_test() {
+        assert_eq!(slice_to_u32_be(&[0xde, 0xad, 0xbe, 0xef]), 0xdeadbeef);
+        assert_eq!(u32_to_array_be(0xdeadbeef), [0xde, 0xad, 0xbe, 0xef]);
+
+        assert_eq!(slice_to_u16_le(&[0xad, 0xde]), 0xdead);
+        assert_eq!(slice_to_u32_le(&[0xef, 0xbe, 0xad, 0xde]), 0xdeadbeef);
+        assert_eq!(
+            slice_to_u64_le(&[0xef, 0xbe, 0xad, 0xde, 0xfe, 0xca, 0xad, 0x1b]),
+            0x1badcafedeadbeef
+        );
+        assert_eq!(u16_to_array_le(0xdead), [0xad, 0xde]);
+        assert_eq!(u32_to_array_le(0xdeadbeef), [0xef, 0xbe, 0xad, 0xde]);
+        assert_eq!(
+            u64_to_array_le(0x1badcafedeadbeef),
+            [0xef, 0xbe, 0xad, 0xde, 0xfe, 0xca, 0xad, 0x1b]
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn endian_chunk_test() {
+        let inp = [
+            0xef, 0xbe, 0xad, 0xde, 0xfe, 0xca, 0xad, 0x1b, 0xfe, 0xca, 0xad, 0x1b, 0xce, 0xfa,
+            0x01, 0x02,
+        ];
+        let mut out = [0; 2];
+        bytes_to_u64_slice_le(&inp, &mut out);
+        assert_eq!(out, [0x1badcafedeadbeef, 0x0201face1badcafe]);
+    }
+}

example/halo2/src/error.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+use std::fmt;
+
+pub type Result<T> = std::result::Result<T, Error>;
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub enum Error {
+    Io(std::io::ErrorKind),
+    /// VarInt was encoded in a non-minimal way
+    PathNotFound,
+    NonMinimalVarInt,
+    /// Parsing error
+    ParseFailed(&'static str),
+    ParseIntError,
+    AsyncChannelError,
+    MalformedPacket,
+    AddrParseError,
+    BadVariableRefType,
+    BadOperationType,
+    BadConstraintType,
+    InvalidParamName,
+    InvalidParamType,
+    MissingParams,
+    VmError,
+    BadContract,
+    Groth16Error,
+    RusqliteError(String),
+    OperationFailed,
+    ConnectFailed,
+    ConnectTimeout,
+    ChannelStopped,
+    ChannelTimeout,
+    ServiceStopped,
+    Utf8Error,
+    StrUtf8Error(String),
+    NoteDecryptionFailed,
+    ServicesError(&'static str),
+    ZmqError(String),
+    VerifyFailed,
+    TryIntoError,
+    TryFromError,
+    JsonRpcError(String),
+    RocksdbError(String),
+    TreeFull,
+    SerdeJsonError(String),
+    SurfHttpError(String),
+    EmptyPassword,
+    TomlDeserializeError(String),
+    TomlSerializeError(String),
+    CashierNoReply,
+    Base58EncodeError(String),
+    Base58DecodeError(String),
+    BadBTCAddress(String),
+}
+
+impl std::error::Error for Error {}
+
+impl fmt::Display for Error {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        match *self {
+            Error::PathNotFound => f.write_str("Cannot find home directory"),
+            Error::Io(ref err) => write!(f, "io error:{:?}", err),
+            Error::NonMinimalVarInt => f.write_str("non-minimal varint"),
+            Error::ParseFailed(ref err) => write!(f, "parse failed: {}", err),
+            Error::ParseIntError => f.write_str("Parse int error"),
+            Error::AsyncChannelError => f.write_str("Async_channel error"),
+            Error::MalformedPacket => f.write_str("Malformed packet"),
+            Error::AddrParseError => f.write_str("Unable to parse address"),
+            Error::BadVariableRefType => f.write_str("Bad variable ref type byte"),
+            Error::BadOperationType => f.write_str("Bad operation type byte"),
+            Error::BadConstraintType => f.write_str("Bad constraint type byte"),
+            Error::InvalidParamName => f.write_str("Invalid param name"),
+            Error::InvalidParamType => f.write_str("Invalid param type"),
+            Error::MissingParams => f.write_str("Missing params"),
+            Error::VmError => f.write_str("VM error"),
+            Error::BadContract => f.write_str("Contract is poorly defined"),
+            Error::Groth16Error => f.write_str("Groth16 error"),
+            Error::RusqliteError(ref err) => write!(f, "Rusqlite error {}", err),
+            Error::OperationFailed => f.write_str("Operation failed"),
+
+            Error::ConnectFailed => f.write_str("Connection failed"),
+            Error::ConnectTimeout => f.write_str("Connection timed out"),
+            Error::ChannelStopped => f.write_str("Channel stopped"),
+            Error::ChannelTimeout => f.write_str("Channel timed out"),
+            Error::ServiceStopped => f.write_str("Service stopped"),
+            Error::Utf8Error => f.write_str("Malformed UTF8"),
+            Error::StrUtf8Error(ref err) => write!(f, "Malformed UTF8: {}", err),
+            Error::NoteDecryptionFailed => f.write_str("Unable to decrypt mint note"),
+            Error::ServicesError(ref err) => write!(f, "Services error: {}", err),
+            Error::ZmqError(ref err) => write!(f, "ZmqError: {}", err),
+            Error::VerifyFailed => f.write_str("Verify failed"),
+            Error::TryIntoError => f.write_str("TryInto error"),
+            Error::TryFromError => f.write_str("TryFrom error"),
+            Error::RocksdbError(ref err) => write!(f, "Rocksdb Error: {}", err),
+            Error::JsonRpcError(ref err) => write!(f, "JsonRpc Error: {}", err),
+            Error::TreeFull => f.write_str("MerkleTree is full"),
+            Error::SerdeJsonError(ref err) => write!(f, "Json serialization error: {}", err),
+            Error::SurfHttpError(ref err) => write!(f, "Surf Http error: {}", err),
+            Error::EmptyPassword => f.write_str("Password is empty. Cannot create database"),
+            Error::TomlDeserializeError(ref err) => write!(f, "Toml parsing error: {}", err),
+            Error::TomlSerializeError(ref err) => write!(f, "Toml parsing error: {}", err),
+            Error::Base58EncodeError(ref err) => write!(f, "bs58 encode error: {}", err),
+            Error::Base58DecodeError(ref err) => write!(f, "bs58 decode error: {}", err),
+            Error::CashierNoReply => f.write_str("Cashier did not reply with BTC address"),
+            Error::BadBTCAddress(ref err) => write!(f, "could not parse BTC address: {}", err),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<std::io::Error> for Error {
+    fn from(err: std::io::Error) -> Error {
+        Error::Io(err.kind())
+    }
+}

example/halo2/src/lib.rs

@@ -1,19 +1,7 @@
-pub mod circuit;
-
-use halo2::{
-    arithmetic::{CurveExt, FieldExt},
-    pasta::{Ep, Fq},
-};
-use orchard::constants::fixed_bases::{
-    VALUE_COMMITMENT_PERSONALIZATION, VALUE_COMMITMENT_R_BYTES, VALUE_COMMITMENT_V_BYTES,
-};
-
-#[allow(non_snake_case)]
-pub fn pedersen_commitment(value: u64, blind: Fq) -> Ep {
-    let hasher = Ep::hash_to_curve(VALUE_COMMITMENT_PERSONALIZATION);
-    let V = hasher(&VALUE_COMMITMENT_V_BYTES);
-    let R = hasher(&VALUE_COMMITMENT_R_BYTES);
-    let value = Fq::from_u64(value);
-
-    V * value + R * blind
-}
+pub mod constants;
+pub mod crypto;
+pub mod endian;
+pub mod error;
+pub mod proof;
+pub mod serial;
+pub mod spec;

example/halo2/src/serial.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,870 @@
+use std::borrow::Cow;
+use std::io::{Cursor, Read, Write};
+use std::net::{IpAddr, SocketAddr};
+use std::{io, mem};
+
+use crate::endian;
+use crate::error::{Error, Result};
+
+/// Encode an object into a vector
+pub fn serialize<T: Encodable + ?Sized>(data: &T) -> Vec<u8> {
+    let mut encoder = Vec::new();
+    let len = data.encode(&mut encoder).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(len, encoder.len());
+    encoder
+}
+
+/// Encode an object into a hex-encoded string
+pub fn serialize_hex<T: Encodable + ?Sized>(data: &T) -> String {
+    hex::encode(serialize(data))
+}
+
+/// Deserialize an object from a vector, will error if said deserialization
+/// doesn't consume the entire vector.
+pub fn deserialize<T: Decodable>(data: &[u8]) -> Result<T> {
+    let (rv, consumed) = deserialize_partial(data)?;
+
+    // Fail if data are not consumed entirely.
+    if consumed == data.len() {
+        Ok(rv)
+    } else {
+        Err(Error::ParseFailed(
+            "data not consumed entirely when explicitly deserializing",
+        ))
+    }
+}
+
+/// Deserialize an object from a vector, but will not report an error if said
+/// deserialization doesn't consume the entire vector.
+pub fn deserialize_partial<T: Decodable>(data: &[u8]) -> Result<(T, usize)> {
+    let mut decoder = Cursor::new(data);
+    let rv = Decodable::decode(&mut decoder)?;
+    let consumed = decoder.position() as usize;
+
+    Ok((rv, consumed))
+}
+
+/// Extensions of `Write` to encode data as per Bitcoin consensus
+pub trait WriteExt {
+    /// Output a 64-bit uint
+    fn write_u64(&mut self, v: u64) -> Result<()>;
+    /// Output a 32-bit uint
+    fn write_u32(&mut self, v: u32) -> Result<()>;
+    /// Output a 16-bit uint
+    fn write_u16(&mut self, v: u16) -> Result<()>;
+    /// Output a 8-bit uint
+    fn write_u8(&mut self, v: u8) -> Result<()>;
+
+    /// Output a 64-bit int
+    fn write_i64(&mut self, v: i64) -> Result<()>;
+    /// Output a 32-bit int
+    fn write_i32(&mut self, v: i32) -> Result<()>;
+    /// Output a 16-bit int
+    fn write_i16(&mut self, v: i16) -> Result<()>;
+    /// Output a 8-bit int
+    fn write_i8(&mut self, v: i8) -> Result<()>;
+
+    /// Output a boolean
+    fn write_bool(&mut self, v: bool) -> Result<()>;
+
+    /// Output a byte slice
+    fn write_slice(&mut self, v: &[u8]) -> Result<()>;
+}
+
+/// Extensions of `Read` to decode data as per Bitcoin consensus
+pub trait ReadExt {
+    /// Read a 64-bit uint
+    fn read_u64(&mut self) -> Result<u64>;
+    /// Read a 32-bit uint
+    fn read_u32(&mut self) -> Result<u32>;
+    /// Read a 16-bit uint
+    fn read_u16(&mut self) -> Result<u16>;
+    /// Read a 8-bit uint
+    fn read_u8(&mut self) -> Result<u8>;
+
+    /// Read a 64-bit int
+    fn read_i64(&mut self) -> Result<i64>;
+    /// Read a 32-bit int
+    fn read_i32(&mut self) -> Result<i32>;
+    /// Read a 16-bit int
+    fn read_i16(&mut self) -> Result<i16>;
+    /// Read a 8-bit int
+    fn read_i8(&mut self) -> Result<i8>;
+
+    /// Read a boolean
+    fn read_bool(&mut self) -> Result<bool>;
+
+    /// Read a byte slice
+    fn read_slice(&mut self, slice: &mut [u8]) -> Result<()>;
+}
+
+macro_rules! encoder_fn {
+    ($name:ident, $val_type:ty, $writefn:ident) => {
+        #[inline]
+        fn $name(&mut self, v: $val_type) -> Result<()> {
+            self.write_all(&endian::$writefn(v))
+                .map_err(|e| Error::Io(e.kind()))
+        }
+    };
+}
+
+macro_rules! decoder_fn {
+    ($name:ident, $val_type:ty, $readfn:ident, $byte_len: expr) => {
+        #[inline]
+        fn $name(&mut self) -> Result<$val_type> {
+            assert_eq!(::std::mem::size_of::<$val_type>(), $byte_len); // size_of isn't a constfn in 1.22
+            let mut val = [0; $byte_len];
+            self.read_exact(&mut val[..])
+                .map_err(|e| Error::Io(e.kind()))?;
+            Ok(endian::$readfn(&val))
+        }
+    };
+}
+
+impl<W: Write> WriteExt for W {
+    encoder_fn!(write_u64, u64, u64_to_array_le);
+    encoder_fn!(write_u32, u32, u32_to_array_le);
+    encoder_fn!(write_u16, u16, u16_to_array_le);
+    encoder_fn!(write_i64, i64, i64_to_array_le);
+    encoder_fn!(write_i32, i32, i32_to_array_le);
+    encoder_fn!(write_i16, i16, i16_to_array_le);
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn write_i8(&mut self, v: i8) -> Result<()> {
+        self.write_all(&[v as u8]).map_err(|e| Error::Io(e.kind()))
+    }
+    #[inline]
+    fn write_u8(&mut self, v: u8) -> Result<()> {
+        self.write_all(&[v]).map_err(|e| Error::Io(e.kind()))
+    }
+    #[inline]
+    fn write_bool(&mut self, v: bool) -> Result<()> {
+        self.write_all(&[v as u8]).map_err(|e| Error::Io(e.kind()))
+    }
+    #[inline]
+    fn write_slice(&mut self, v: &[u8]) -> Result<()> {
+        self.write_all(v).map_err(|e| Error::Io(e.kind()))
+    }
+}
+
+impl<R: Read> ReadExt for R {
+    decoder_fn!(read_u64, u64, slice_to_u64_le, 8);
+    decoder_fn!(read_u32, u32, slice_to_u32_le, 4);
+    decoder_fn!(read_u16, u16, slice_to_u16_le, 2);
+    decoder_fn!(read_i64, i64, slice_to_i64_le, 8);
+    decoder_fn!(read_i32, i32, slice_to_i32_le, 4);
+    decoder_fn!(read_i16, i16, slice_to_i16_le, 2);
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn read_u8(&mut self) -> Result<u8> {
+        let mut slice = [0u8; 1];
+        self.read_exact(&mut slice)?;
+        Ok(slice[0])
+    }
+    #[inline]
+    fn read_i8(&mut self) -> Result<i8> {
+        let mut slice = [0u8; 1];
+        self.read_exact(&mut slice)?;
+        Ok(slice[0] as i8)
+    }
+    #[inline]
+    fn read_bool(&mut self) -> Result<bool> {
+        ReadExt::read_i8(self).map(|bit| bit != 0)
+    }
+    #[inline]
+    fn read_slice(&mut self, slice: &mut [u8]) -> Result<()> {
+        self.read_exact(slice).map_err(|e| Error::Io(e.kind()))
+    }
+}
+
+/// Data which can be encoded in a consensus-consistent way
+pub trait Encodable {
+    /// Encode an object with a well-defined format, should only ever error if
+    /// the underlying `Write` errors. Returns the number of bytes written on
+    /// success
+    fn encode<W: io::Write>(&self, e: W) -> Result<usize>;
+}
+
+/// Data which can be encoded in a consensus-consistent way
+pub trait Decodable: Sized {
+    /// Decode an object with a well-defined format
+    fn decode<D: io::Read>(d: D) -> Result<Self>;
+}
+
+#[derive(PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Clone, Debug)]
+pub struct VarInt(pub u64);
+
+// Primitive types
+macro_rules! impl_int_encodable {
+    ($ty:ident, $meth_dec:ident, $meth_enc:ident) => {
+        impl Decodable for $ty {
+            #[inline]
+            fn decode<D: io::Read>(mut d: D) -> Result<Self> {
+                ReadExt::$meth_dec(&mut d).map($ty::from_le)
+            }
+        }
+        impl Encodable for $ty {
+            #[inline]
+            fn encode<S: WriteExt>(&self, mut s: S) -> Result<usize> {
+                s.$meth_enc(self.to_le())?;
+                Ok(mem::size_of::<$ty>())
+            }
+        }
+    };
+}
+
+impl_int_encodable!(u8, read_u8, write_u8);
+impl_int_encodable!(u16, read_u16, write_u16);
+impl_int_encodable!(u32, read_u32, write_u32);
+impl_int_encodable!(u64, read_u64, write_u64);
+impl_int_encodable!(i8, read_i8, write_i8);
+impl_int_encodable!(i16, read_i16, write_i16);
+impl_int_encodable!(i32, read_i32, write_i32);
+impl_int_encodable!(i64, read_i64, write_i64);
+
+impl VarInt {
+    /// Gets the length of this VarInt when encoded.
+    /// Returns 1 for 0...0xFC, 3 for 0xFD...(2^16-1), 5 for 0x10000...(2^32-1),
+    /// and 9 otherwise.
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn len(&self) -> usize {
+        match self.0 {
+            0..=0xFC => 1,
+            0xFD..=0xFFFF => 3,
+            0x10000..=0xFFFFFFFF => 5,
+            _ => 9,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Encodable for VarInt {
+    #[inline]
+    fn encode<S: io::Write>(&self, mut s: S) -> Result<usize> {
+        match self.0 {
+            0..=0xFC => {
+                (self.0 as u8).encode(s)?;
+                Ok(1)
+            }
+            0xFD..=0xFFFF => {
+                s.write_u8(0xFD)?;
+                (self.0 as u16).encode(s)?;
+                Ok(3)
+            }
+            0x10000..=0xFFFFFFFF => {
+                s.write_u8(0xFE)?;
+                (self.0 as u32).encode(s)?;
+                Ok(5)
+            }
+            _ => {
+                s.write_u8(0xFF)?;
+                (self.0 as u64).encode(s)?;
+                Ok(9)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Decodable for VarInt {
+    #[inline]
+    fn decode<D: io::Read>(mut d: D) -> Result<Self> {
+        let n = ReadExt::read_u8(&mut d)?;
+        match n {
+            0xFF => {
+                let x = ReadExt::read_u64(&mut d)?;
+                if x < 0x100000000 {
+                    Err(self::Error::NonMinimalVarInt)
+                } else {
+                    Ok(VarInt(x))
+                }
+            }
+            0xFE => {
+                let x = ReadExt::read_u32(&mut d)?;
+                if x < 0x10000 {
+                    Err(self::Error::NonMinimalVarInt)
+                } else {
+                    Ok(VarInt(x as u64))
+                }
+            }
+            0xFD => {
+                let x = ReadExt::read_u16(&mut d)?;
+                if x < 0xFD {
+                    Err(self::Error::NonMinimalVarInt)
+                } else {
+                    Ok(VarInt(x as u64))
+                }
+            }
+            n => Ok(VarInt(n as u64)),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// Booleans
+impl Encodable for bool {
+    #[inline]
+    fn encode<S: WriteExt>(&self, mut s: S) -> Result<usize> {
+        s.write_bool(*self)?;
+        Ok(1)
+    }
+}
+
+impl Decodable for bool {
+    #[inline]
+    fn decode<D: io::Read>(mut d: D) -> Result<bool> {
+        ReadExt::read_bool(&mut d)
+    }
+}
+
+// Strings
+impl Encodable for String {
+    #[inline]
+    fn encode<S: io::Write>(&self, mut s: S) -> Result<usize> {
+        let b = self.as_bytes();
+        let vi_len = VarInt(b.len() as u64).encode(&mut s)?;
+        s.write_slice(&b)?;
+        Ok(vi_len + b.len())
+    }
+}
+
+impl Decodable for String {
+    #[inline]
+    fn decode<D: io::Read>(d: D) -> Result<String> {
+        String::from_utf8(Decodable::decode(d)?)
+            .map_err(|_| self::Error::ParseFailed("String was not valid UTF8"))
+    }
+}
+
+// Cow<'static, str>
+impl Encodable for Cow<'static, str> {
+    #[inline]
+    fn encode<S: io::Write>(&self, mut s: S) -> Result<usize> {
+        let b = self.as_bytes();
+        let vi_len = VarInt(b.len() as u64).encode(&mut s)?;
+        s.write_slice(&b)?;
+        Ok(vi_len + b.len())
+    }
+}
+
+impl Decodable for Cow<'static, str> {
+    #[inline]
+    fn decode<D: io::Read>(d: D) -> Result<Cow<'static, str>> {
+        String::from_utf8(Decodable::decode(d)?)
+            .map_err(|_| self::Error::ParseFailed("String was not valid UTF8"))
+            .map(Cow::Owned)
+    }
+}
+
+// Arrays
+macro_rules! impl_array {
+    ( $size:expr ) => {
+        impl Encodable for [u8; $size] {
+            #[inline]
+            fn encode<S: WriteExt>(&self, mut s: S) -> Result<usize> {
+                s.write_slice(&self[..])?;
+                Ok(self.len())
+            }
+        }
+
+        impl Decodable for [u8; $size] {
+            #[inline]
+            fn decode<D: io::Read>(mut d: D) -> Result<Self> {
+                let mut ret = [0; $size];
+                d.read_slice(&mut ret)?;
+                Ok(ret)
+            }
+        }
+    };
+}
+
+impl_array!(2);
+impl_array!(4);
+impl_array!(8);
+impl_array!(12);
+impl_array!(16);
+impl_array!(32);
+impl_array!(33);
+
+// Options
+impl<T: Encodable> Encodable for Option<T> {
+    fn encode<S: io::Write>(&self, mut s: S) -> Result<usize> {
+        let mut len = 0;
+        if let Some(v) = self {
+            len += true.encode(&mut s)?;
+            len += v.encode(&mut s)?;
+        } else {
+            len += false.encode(&mut s)?;
+        }
+        Ok(len)
+    }
+}
+impl<T: Decodable> Decodable for Option<T> {
+    fn decode<D: io::Read>(mut d: D) -> Result<Self> {
+        let valid: bool = Decodable::decode(&mut d)?;
+        let mut val: Option<T> = None;
+
+        if valid {
+            val = Some(Decodable::decode(&mut d)?);
+        }
+
+        Ok(val)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T: Encodable> Encodable for Vec<Option<T>> {
+    fn encode<S: io::Write>(&self, mut s: S) -> Result<usize> {
+        let mut len = 0;
+        len += VarInt(self.len() as u64).encode(&mut s)?;
+        for val in self {
+            len += val.encode(&mut s)?;
+        }
+        Ok(len)
+    }
+}
+impl<T: Decodable> Decodable for Vec<Option<T>> {
+    fn decode<D: io::Read>(mut d: D) -> Result<Self> {
+        let len = VarInt::decode(&mut d)?.0;
+        let mut ret = Vec::with_capacity(len as usize);
+        for _ in 0..len {
+            ret.push(Decodable::decode(&mut d)?);
+        }
+        Ok(ret)
+    }
+}
+
+// Vectors
+#[macro_export]
+macro_rules! impl_vec {
+    ($type: ty) => {
+        impl Encodable for Vec<$type> {
+            #[inline]
+            fn encode<S: io::Write>(&self, mut s: S) -> Result<usize> {
+                let mut len = 0;
+                len += VarInt(self.len() as u64).encode(&mut s)?;
+                for c in self.iter() {
+                    len += c.encode(&mut s)?;
+                }
+                Ok(len)
+            }
+        }
+        impl Decodable for Vec<$type> {
+            #[inline]
+            fn decode<D: io::Read>(mut d: D) -> Result<Self> {
+                let len = VarInt::decode(&mut d)?.0;
+                let mut ret = Vec::with_capacity(len as usize);
+                for _ in 0..len {
+                    ret.push(Decodable::decode(&mut d)?);
+                }
+                Ok(ret)
+            }
+        }
+    };
+}
+impl_vec!(SocketAddr);
+impl_vec!([u8; 32]);
+
+impl Encodable for IpAddr {
+    fn encode<S: io::Write>(&self, mut s: S) -> Result<usize> {
+        let mut len = 0;
+        match self {
+            IpAddr::V4(ip) => {
+                let version: u8 = 4;
+                len += version.encode(&mut s)?;
+                len += ip.octets().encode(s)?;
+            }
+            IpAddr::V6(ip) => {
+                let version: u8 = 6;
+                len += version.encode(&mut s)?;
+                len += ip.octets().encode(s)?;
+            }
+        }
+        Ok(len)
+    }
+}
+
+impl Decodable for IpAddr {
+    fn decode<D: io::Read>(mut d: D) -> Result<Self> {
+        let version: u8 = Decodable::decode(&mut d)?;
+        match version {
+            4 => {
+                let addr: [u8; 4] = Decodable::decode(&mut d)?;
+                Ok(IpAddr::from(addr))
+            }
+            6 => {
+                let addr: [u8; 16] = Decodable::decode(&mut d)?;
+                Ok(IpAddr::from(addr))
+            }
+            _ => Err(Error::ParseFailed("couldn't decode IpAddr")),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Encodable for SocketAddr {
+    fn encode<S: io::Write>(&self, mut s: S) -> Result<usize> {
+        let mut len = 0;
+        len += self.ip().encode(&mut s)?;
+        len += self.port().encode(s)?;
+        Ok(len)
+    }
+}
+
+impl Decodable for SocketAddr {
+    fn decode<D: io::Read>(mut d: D) -> Result<Self> {
+        let ip = Decodable::decode(&mut d)?;
+        let port: u16 = Decodable::decode(d)?;
+        Ok(SocketAddr::new(ip, port))
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn encode_with_size<S: io::Write>(data: &[u8], mut s: S) -> Result<usize> {
+    let vi_len = VarInt(data.len() as u64).encode(&mut s)?;
+    s.write_slice(&data)?;
+    Ok(vi_len + data.len())
+}
+
+impl Encodable for Vec<u8> {
+    #[inline]
+    fn encode<S: io::Write>(&self, s: S) -> Result<usize> {
+        encode_with_size(self, s)
+    }
+}
+
+impl Decodable for Vec<u8> {
+    #[inline]
+    fn decode<D: io::Read>(mut d: D) -> Result<Self> {
+        let len = VarInt::decode(&mut d)?.0 as usize;
+        let mut ret = vec![0u8; len];
+        d.read_slice(&mut ret)?;
+        Ok(ret)
+    }
+}
+
+impl Encodable for Box<[u8]> {
+    #[inline]
+    fn encode<S: io::Write>(&self, s: S) -> Result<usize> {
+        encode_with_size(self, s)
+    }
+}
+
+impl Decodable for Box<[u8]> {
+    #[inline]
+    fn decode<D: io::Read>(d: D) -> Result<Self> {
+        <Vec<u8>>::decode(d).map(From::from)
+    }
+}
+
+// Tuples
+macro_rules! tuple_encode {
+($($x:ident),*) => (
+impl <$($x: Encodable),*> Encodable for ($($x),*) {
+#[inline]
+#[allow(non_snake_case)]
+fn encode<S: io::Write>(
+&self,
+mut s: S,
+) -> Result<usize> {
+let &($(ref $x),*) = self;
+let mut len = 0;
+$(len += $x.encode(&mut s)?;)*
+Ok(len)
+}
+}
+
+impl<$($x: Decodable),*> Decodable for ($($x),*) {
+#[inline]
+#[allow(non_snake_case)]
+fn decode<D: io::Read>(mut d: D) -> Result<Self> {
+Ok(($({let $x = Decodable::decode(&mut d)?; $x }),*))
+}
+}
+);
+}
+
+tuple_encode!(T0, T1);
+tuple_encode!(T0, T1, T2, T3);
+tuple_encode!(T0, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5);
+tuple_encode!(T0, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7);
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::{deserialize, serialize, Error, Result, VarInt};
+    use super::{deserialize_partial, Encodable};
+    use crate::endian::{u16_to_array_le, u32_to_array_le, u64_to_array_le};
+    use std::io;
+    use std::mem::discriminant;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn serialize_int_test() {
+        // bool
+        assert_eq!(serialize(&false), vec![0u8]);
+        assert_eq!(serialize(&true), vec![1u8]);
+        // u8
+        assert_eq!(serialize(&1u8), vec![1u8]);
+        assert_eq!(serialize(&0u8), vec![0u8]);
+        assert_eq!(serialize(&255u8), vec![255u8]);
+        // u16
+        assert_eq!(serialize(&1u16), vec![1u8, 0]);
+        assert_eq!(serialize(&256u16), vec![0u8, 1]);
+        assert_eq!(serialize(&5000u16), vec![136u8, 19]);
+        // u32
+        assert_eq!(serialize(&1u32), vec![1u8, 0, 0, 0]);
+        assert_eq!(serialize(&256u32), vec![0u8, 1, 0, 0]);
+        assert_eq!(serialize(&5000u32), vec![136u8, 19, 0, 0]);
+        assert_eq!(serialize(&500000u32), vec![32u8, 161, 7, 0]);
+        assert_eq!(serialize(&168430090u32), vec![10u8, 10, 10, 10]);
+        // i32
+        assert_eq!(serialize(&-1i32), vec![255u8, 255, 255, 255]);
+        assert_eq!(serialize(&-256i32), vec![0u8, 255, 255, 255]);
+        assert_eq!(serialize(&-5000i32), vec![120u8, 236, 255, 255]);
+        assert_eq!(serialize(&-500000i32), vec![224u8, 94, 248, 255]);
+        assert_eq!(serialize(&-168430090i32), vec![246u8, 245, 245, 245]);
+        assert_eq!(serialize(&1i32), vec![1u8, 0, 0, 0]);
+        assert_eq!(serialize(&256i32), vec![0u8, 1, 0, 0]);
+        assert_eq!(serialize(&5000i32), vec![136u8, 19, 0, 0]);
+        assert_eq!(serialize(&500000i32), vec![32u8, 161, 7, 0]);
+        assert_eq!(serialize(&168430090i32), vec![10u8, 10, 10, 10]);
+        // u64
+        assert_eq!(serialize(&1u64), vec![1u8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]);
+        assert_eq!(serialize(&256u64), vec![0u8, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]);
+        assert_eq!(serialize(&5000u64), vec![136u8, 19, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]);
+        assert_eq!(serialize(&500000u64), vec![32u8, 161, 7, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]);
+        assert_eq!(
+            serialize(&723401728380766730u64),
+            vec![10u8, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10]
+        );
+        // i64
+        assert_eq!(
+            serialize(&-1i64),
+            vec![255u8, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255]
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            serialize(&-256i64),
+            vec![0u8, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255]
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            serialize(&-5000i64),
+            vec![120u8, 236, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255]
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            serialize(&-500000i64),
+            vec![224u8, 94, 248, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255]
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            serialize(&-723401728380766730i64),
+            vec![246u8, 245, 245, 245, 245, 245, 245, 245]
+        );
+        assert_eq!(serialize(&1i64), vec![1u8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]);
+        assert_eq!(serialize(&256i64), vec![0u8, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]);
+        assert_eq!(serialize(&5000i64), vec![136u8, 19, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]);
+        assert_eq!(serialize(&500000i64), vec![32u8, 161, 7, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]);
+        assert_eq!(
+            serialize(&723401728380766730i64),
+            vec![10u8, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10]
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn serialize_varint_test() {
+        assert_eq!(serialize(&VarInt(10)), vec![10u8]);
+        assert_eq!(serialize(&VarInt(0xFC)), vec![0xFCu8]);
+        assert_eq!(serialize(&VarInt(0xFD)), vec![0xFDu8, 0xFD, 0]);
+        assert_eq!(serialize(&VarInt(0xFFF)), vec![0xFDu8, 0xFF, 0xF]);
+        assert_eq!(
+            serialize(&VarInt(0xF0F0F0F)),
+            vec![0xFEu8, 0xF, 0xF, 0xF, 0xF]
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            serialize(&VarInt(0xF0F0F0F0F0E0)),
+            vec![0xFFu8, 0xE0, 0xF0, 0xF0, 0xF0, 0xF0, 0xF0, 0, 0]
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            test_varint_encode(0xFF, &u64_to_array_le(0x100000000)).unwrap(),
+            VarInt(0x100000000)
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            test_varint_encode(0xFE, &u64_to_array_le(0x10000)).unwrap(),
+            VarInt(0x10000)
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            test_varint_encode(0xFD, &u64_to_array_le(0xFD)).unwrap(),
+            VarInt(0xFD)
+        );
+
+        // Test that length calc is working correctly
+        test_varint_len(VarInt(0), 1);
+        test_varint_len(VarInt(0xFC), 1);
+        test_varint_len(VarInt(0xFD), 3);
+        test_varint_len(VarInt(0xFFFF), 3);
+        test_varint_len(VarInt(0x10000), 5);
+        test_varint_len(VarInt(0xFFFFFFFF), 5);
+        test_varint_len(VarInt(0xFFFFFFFF + 1), 9);
+        test_varint_len(VarInt(u64::max_value()), 9);
+    }
+
+    fn test_varint_len(varint: VarInt, expected: usize) {
+        let mut encoder = io::Cursor::new(vec![]);
+        assert_eq!(varint.encode(&mut encoder).unwrap(), expected);
+        assert_eq!(varint.len(), expected);
+    }
+
+    fn test_varint_encode(n: u8, x: &[u8]) -> Result<VarInt> {
+        let mut input = [0u8; 9];
+        input[0] = n;
+        input[1..x.len() + 1].copy_from_slice(x);
+        deserialize_partial::<VarInt>(&input).map(|t| t.0)
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn deserialize_nonminimal_vec() {
+        // Check the edges for variant int
+        assert_eq!(
+            discriminant(&test_varint_encode(0xFF, &u64_to_array_le(0x100000000 - 1)).unwrap_err()),
+            discriminant(&Error::NonMinimalVarInt)
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            discriminant(&test_varint_encode(0xFE, &u32_to_array_le(0x10000 - 1)).unwrap_err()),
+            discriminant(&Error::NonMinimalVarInt)
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            discriminant(&test_varint_encode(0xFD, &u16_to_array_le(0xFD - 1)).unwrap_err()),
+            discriminant(&Error::NonMinimalVarInt)
+        );
+
+        assert_eq!(
+            discriminant(&deserialize::<Vec<u8>>(&[0xfd, 0x00, 0x00]).unwrap_err()),
+            discriminant(&Error::NonMinimalVarInt)
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            discriminant(&deserialize::<Vec<u8>>(&[0xfd, 0xfc, 0x00]).unwrap_err()),
+            discriminant(&Error::NonMinimalVarInt)
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            discriminant(&deserialize::<Vec<u8>>(&[0xfd, 0xfc, 0x00]).unwrap_err()),
+            discriminant(&Error::NonMinimalVarInt)
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            discriminant(&deserialize::<Vec<u8>>(&[0xfe, 0xff, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00]).unwrap_err()),
+            discriminant(&Error::NonMinimalVarInt)
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            discriminant(&deserialize::<Vec<u8>>(&[0xfe, 0xff, 0xff, 0x00, 0x00]).unwrap_err()),
+            discriminant(&Error::NonMinimalVarInt)
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            discriminant(
+                &deserialize::<Vec<u8>>(&[0xff, 0xff, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00])
+                    .unwrap_err()
+            ),
+            discriminant(&Error::NonMinimalVarInt)
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            discriminant(
+                &deserialize::<Vec<u8>>(&[0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00])
+                    .unwrap_err()
+            ),
+            discriminant(&Error::NonMinimalVarInt)
+        );
+
+        let mut vec_256 = vec![0; 259];
+        vec_256[0] = 0xfd;
+        vec_256[1] = 0x00;
+        vec_256[2] = 0x01;
+        assert!(deserialize::<Vec<u8>>(&vec_256).is_ok());
+
+        let mut vec_253 = vec![0; 256];
+        vec_253[0] = 0xfd;
+        vec_253[1] = 0xfd;
+        vec_253[2] = 0x00;
+        assert!(deserialize::<Vec<u8>>(&vec_253).is_ok());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn serialize_vector_test() {
+        assert_eq!(serialize(&vec![1u8, 2, 3]), vec![3u8, 1, 2, 3]);
+        // TODO: test vectors of more interesting objects
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn serialize_strbuf_test() {
+        assert_eq!(
+            serialize(&"Andrew".to_string()),
+            vec![6u8, 0x41, 0x6e, 0x64, 0x72, 0x65, 0x77]
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn deserialize_int_test() {
+        // bool
+        assert!((deserialize(&[58u8, 0]) as Result<bool>).is_err());
+        assert_eq!(deserialize(&[58u8]).ok(), Some(true));
+        assert_eq!(deserialize(&[1u8]).ok(), Some(true));
+        assert_eq!(deserialize(&[0u8]).ok(), Some(false));
+        assert!((deserialize(&[0u8, 1]) as Result<bool>).is_err());
+
+        // u8
+        assert_eq!(deserialize(&[58u8]).ok(), Some(58u8));
+
+        // u16
+        assert_eq!(deserialize(&[0x01u8, 0x02]).ok(), Some(0x0201u16));
+        assert_eq!(deserialize(&[0xABu8, 0xCD]).ok(), Some(0xCDABu16));
+        assert_eq!(deserialize(&[0xA0u8, 0x0D]).ok(), Some(0xDA0u16));
+        let failure16: Result<u16> = deserialize(&[1u8]);
+        assert!(failure16.is_err());
+
+        // u32
+        assert_eq!(deserialize(&[0xABu8, 0xCD, 0, 0]).ok(), Some(0xCDABu32));
+        assert_eq!(
+            deserialize(&[0xA0u8, 0x0D, 0xAB, 0xCD]).ok(),
+            Some(0xCDAB0DA0u32)
+        );
+        let failure32: Result<u32> = deserialize(&[1u8, 2, 3]);
+        assert!(failure32.is_err());
+        // TODO: test negative numbers
+        assert_eq!(deserialize(&[0xABu8, 0xCD, 0, 0]).ok(), Some(0xCDABi32));
+        assert_eq!(
+            deserialize(&[0xA0u8, 0x0D, 0xAB, 0x2D]).ok(),
+            Some(0x2DAB0DA0i32)
+        );
+        let failurei32: Result<i32> = deserialize(&[1u8, 2, 3]);
+        assert!(failurei32.is_err());
+
+        // u64
+        assert_eq!(
+            deserialize(&[0xABu8, 0xCD, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]).ok(),
+            Some(0xCDABu64)
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            deserialize(&[0xA0u8, 0x0D, 0xAB, 0xCD, 0x99, 0, 0, 0x99]).ok(),
+            Some(0x99000099CDAB0DA0u64)
+        );
+        let failure64: Result<u64> = deserialize(&[1u8, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]);
+        assert!(failure64.is_err());
+        // TODO: test negative numbers
+        assert_eq!(
+            deserialize(&[0xABu8, 0xCD, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]).ok(),
+            Some(0xCDABi64)
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            deserialize(&[0xA0u8, 0x0D, 0xAB, 0xCD, 0x99, 0, 0, 0x99]).ok(),
+            Some(-0x66ffff663254f260i64)
+        );
+        let failurei64: Result<i64> = deserialize(&[1u8, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]);
+        assert!(failurei64.is_err());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn deserialize_vec_test() {
+        assert_eq!(deserialize(&[3u8, 2, 3, 4]).ok(), Some(vec![2u8, 3, 4]));
+        assert!((deserialize(&[4u8, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]) as Result<Vec<u8>>).is_err());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn deserialize_strbuf_test() {
+        assert_eq!(
+            deserialize(&[6u8, 0x41, 0x6e, 0x64, 0x72, 0x65, 0x77]).ok(),
+            Some("Andrew".to_string())
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            deserialize(&[6u8, 0x41, 0x6e, 0x64, 0x72, 0x65, 0x77]).ok(),
+            Some(::std::borrow::Cow::Borrowed("Andrew"))
+        );
+    }
+}

examples/halo2/Cargo.toml → example/vm/Cargo.toml

@@ -1,14 +1,26 @@
 [package]
-name = "drk_halo2"
+name = "halo2_examples"
 version = "0.1.0"
-authors = ["Ivan Jelincic <parazyd@dyne.org>"]
+authors = ["narodnik <x@x.org>"]
 edition = "2021"
 
+# See more keys and their definitions at https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/manifest.html
+
 [dependencies]
-rand = "0.8.4"
-ff = "0.11.0"
+ff = "0.10"
+group = "0.10"
 pasta_curves = "0.2.1"
 
+rand = "0.8.4"
+hex = "0.4.3"
+
+# Can we delete these?
+bitvec = "0.22"
+arrayvec = "0.7.0"
+lazy_static = "1"
+bigint = "4"
+subtle = "2.3"
+
 [dependencies.halo2]
 version = "=0.1.0-beta.1"
 features = ["dev-graph", "gadget-traces", "sanity-checks"]
@@ -17,3 +29,4 @@ features = ["dev-graph", "gadget-traces", "sanity-checks"]
 git = "https://github.com/parazyd/halo2_gadgets.git"
 rev = "8238cb3471b798c76dd53b278524fc80685c7d4f"
 features = ["dev-graph", "test-dependencies"]
+

example/vm/src/lib.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+//pub mod async_serial;
+//pub mod blockchain;
+//pub mod bls_extensions;
+//pub mod circuit;
+//pub mod cli;
+//pub mod crypto;
+pub mod arith_chip;
+pub mod endian;
+pub mod error;
+//pub mod net;
+//pub mod rpc;
+pub mod serial;
+//pub mod service;
+//pub mod state;
+//pub mod system;
+//pub mod tx;
+//pub mod util;
+//pub mod vm;
+pub mod vm2;
+pub mod vm2_serial;
+//pub mod vm_serial;
+//pub mod wallet;

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examples/halo2/src/bin/mint.rs

@@ -1,455 +0,0 @@
-use std::time::Instant;
-
-use halo2::{
-    circuit::{Layouter, SimpleFloorPlanner},
-    dev::MockProver,
-    plonk::{
-        Advice, Circuit, Column, ConstraintSystem, Error, Instance as InstanceColumn, Selector,
-    },
-    poly::Rotation,
-};
-use halo2_gadgets::{
-    ecc::{
-        chip::{EccChip, EccConfig},
-        FixedPoint,
-    },
-    poseidon::{
-        Hash as PoseidonHash, Pow5T3Chip as PoseidonChip, Pow5T3Config as PoseidonConfig,
-        StateWord, Word,
-    },
-    primitives,
-    primitives::poseidon::{ConstantLength, P128Pow5T3},
-    utilities::{
-        copy, lookup_range_check::LookupRangeCheckConfig, CellValue, UtilitiesInstructions, Var,
-    },
-};
-use pasta_curves::{
-    arithmetic::{CurveAffine, Field},
-    group::{Curve, Group},
-    pallas,
-};
-use rand::rngs::OsRng;
-
-use drk_halo2::{
-    constants::OrchardFixedBases,
-    crypto::pedersen_commitment,
-    proof::{Proof, ProvingKey, VerifyingKey},
-};
-
-#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
-struct MintConfig {
-    primary: Column<InstanceColumn>,
-    q_add: Selector,
-    advices: [Column<Advice>; 10],
-    ecc_config: EccConfig,
-    poseidon_config: PoseidonConfig<pallas::Base>,
-}
-
-impl MintConfig {
-    fn ecc_chip(&self) -> EccChip<OrchardFixedBases> {
-        EccChip::construct(self.ecc_config.clone())
-    }
-
-    fn poseidon_chip(&self) -> PoseidonChip<pallas::Base> {
-        PoseidonChip::construct(self.poseidon_config.clone())
-    }
-}
-
-// The public input array offsets
-const MINT_COIN_OFFSET: usize = 0;
-const MINT_VALCOMX_OFFSET: usize = 1;
-const MINT_VALCOMY_OFFSET: usize = 2;
-const MINT_ASSCOMX_OFFSET: usize = 3;
-const MINT_ASSCOMY_OFFSET: usize = 4;
-
-#[derive(Default, Debug)]
-struct MintCircuit {
-    pub_x: Option<pallas::Base>,         // x coordinate for pubkey
-    pub_y: Option<pallas::Base>,         // y coordinate for pubkey
-    value: Option<pallas::Base>,         // The value of this coin
-    asset: Option<pallas::Base>,         // The asset ID
-    serial: Option<pallas::Base>,        // Unique serial number corresponding to this coin
-    coin_blind: Option<pallas::Base>,    // Random blinding factor for coin
-    value_blind: Option<pallas::Scalar>, // Random blinding factor for value commitment
-    asset_blind: Option<pallas::Scalar>, // Random blinding factor for the asset ID
-}
-
-impl UtilitiesInstructions<pallas::Base> for MintCircuit {
-    type Var = CellValue<pallas::Base>;
-}
-
-impl Circuit<pallas::Base> for MintCircuit {
-    type Config = MintConfig;
-    type FloorPlanner = SimpleFloorPlanner;
-
-    fn without_witnesses(&self) -> Self {
-        Self::default()
-    }
-
-    fn configure(meta: &mut ConstraintSystem<pallas::Base>) -> Self::Config {
-        // Advice columns used in the circuit
-        let advices = [
-            meta.advice_column(),
-            meta.advice_column(),
-            meta.advice_column(),
-            meta.advice_column(),
-            meta.advice_column(),
-            meta.advice_column(),
-            meta.advice_column(),
-            meta.advice_column(),
-            meta.advice_column(),
-            meta.advice_column(),
-        ];
-
-        // Addition of two field elements
-        /*
-        let q_add = meta.selector();
-        meta.create_gate("poseidon_hash(a, b) + c", |meta| {
-            let q_add = meta.query_selector(q_add);
-            let sum = meta.query_advice(advices[6], Rotation::cur());
-            let hash = meta.query_advice(advices[7], Rotation::cur());
-            let c = meta.query_advice(advices[8], Rotation::cur());
-
-            vec![q_add * (hash + c - sum)]
-        });
-        */
-        let q_add = meta.selector();
-        meta.create_gate("a+b+c", |meta| {
-            let q_add = meta.query_selector(q_add);
-            let sum = meta.query_advice(advices[5], Rotation::cur());
-            let a = meta.query_advice(advices[6], Rotation::cur());
-            let b = meta.query_advice(advices[7], Rotation::cur());
-            let c = meta.query_advice(advices[8], Rotation::cur());
-
-            vec![q_add * (a + b + c - sum)]
-        });
-
-        // Fixed columns for the Sinsemilla generator lookup table
-        let table_idx = meta.lookup_table_column();
-        let _lookup = (
-            table_idx,
-            meta.lookup_table_column(),
-            meta.lookup_table_column(),
-        );
-
-        // Instance column used for public inputs
-        let primary = meta.instance_column();
-        meta.enable_equality(primary.into());
-
-        // Permutation over all advice columns
-        for advice in advices.iter() {
-            meta.enable_equality((*advice).into());
-        }
-
-        // Poseidon requires four advice columns, while ECC incomplete addition
-        // requires six. We can reduce the proof size by sharing fixed columns
-        // between the ECC and Poseidon chips.
-        // TODO: For multiple invocations they could/should be configured in
-        // parallel rather than sharing perhaps?
-        let lagrange_coeffs = [
-            meta.fixed_column(),
-            meta.fixed_column(),
-            meta.fixed_column(),
-            meta.fixed_column(),
-            meta.fixed_column(),
-            meta.fixed_column(),
-            meta.fixed_column(),
-            meta.fixed_column(),
-        ];
-        let rc_a = lagrange_coeffs[2..5].try_into().unwrap();
-        let rc_b = lagrange_coeffs[5..8].try_into().unwrap();
-
-        // Also use the first Lagrange coefficient column for loading global constants.
-        meta.enable_constant(lagrange_coeffs[0]);
-
-        // Use one of the right-most advice columns for all of our range checks.
-        let range_check = LookupRangeCheckConfig::configure(meta, advices[9], table_idx);
-
-        // Configuration for curve point operations.
-        // This uses 10 advice columns and spans the whole circuit.
-        let ecc_config =
-            EccChip::<OrchardFixedBases>::configure(meta, advices, lagrange_coeffs, range_check);
-
-        // Configuration for the Poseidon hash
-        let poseidon_config = PoseidonChip::configure(
-            meta,
-            P128Pow5T3,
-            advices[6..9].try_into().unwrap(),
-            advices[5],
-            rc_a,
-            rc_b,
-        );
-
-        MintConfig {
-            primary,
-            q_add,
-            advices,
-            ecc_config,
-            poseidon_config,
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn synthesize(
-        &self,
-        config: Self::Config,
-        mut layouter: impl Layouter<pallas::Base>,
-    ) -> Result<(), Error> {
-        let ecc_chip = config.ecc_chip();
-
-        let pub_x = self.load_private(
-            layouter.namespace(|| "load pubkey x"),
-            config.advices[0],
-            self.pub_x,
-        )?;
-
-        let pub_y = self.load_private(
-            layouter.namespace(|| "load pubkey y"),
-            config.advices[0],
-            self.pub_y,
-        )?;
-
-        let value = self.load_private(
-            layouter.namespace(|| "load value"),
-            config.advices[0],
-            self.value,
-        )?;
-
-        let asset = self.load_private(
-            layouter.namespace(|| "load asset"),
-            config.advices[0],
-            self.asset,
-        )?;
-
-        let serial = self.load_private(
-            layouter.namespace(|| "load serial"),
-            config.advices[0],
-            self.serial,
-        )?;
-
-        let coin_blind = self.load_private(
-            layouter.namespace(|| "load coin_blind"),
-            config.advices[0],
-            self.coin_blind,
-        )?;
-
-        // =========
-        // Coin hash
-        // =========
-        let messages = [[pub_x, pub_y], [value, asset], [serial, coin_blind]];
-        let mut hashes = vec![];
-
-        for message in messages.iter() {
-            let hash = {
-                let poseidon_message = layouter.assign_region(
-                    || "load message",
-                    |mut region| {
-                        let mut message_word = |i: usize| {
-                            let value = message[i].value();
-                            let var = region.assign_advice(
-                                || format!("load message_{}", i),
-                                config.poseidon_config.state()[i],
-                                0,
-                                || value.ok_or(Error::SynthesisError),
-                            )?;
-                            region.constrain_equal(var, message[i].cell())?;
-                            Ok(Word::<_, _, P128Pow5T3, 3, 2>::from_inner(StateWord::new(
-                                var, value,
-                            )))
-                        };
-                        Ok([message_word(0)?, message_word(1)?])
-                    },
-                )?;
-
-                let poseidon_hasher = PoseidonHash::init(
-                    config.poseidon_chip(),
-                    layouter.namespace(|| "Poseidon init"),
-                    ConstantLength::<2>,
-                )?;
-
-                let poseidon_output = poseidon_hasher.hash(
-                    layouter.namespace(|| "Poseidon hash (a, b)"),
-                    poseidon_message,
-                )?;
-
-                let poseidon_output: CellValue<pallas::Base> = poseidon_output.inner().into();
-                poseidon_output
-            };
-
-            hashes.push(hash);
-        }
-
-        let coin = layouter.assign_region(
-            || " `coin` = hash(a,b) + hash(c, d) + hash(e, f)",
-            |mut region| {
-                config.q_add.enable(&mut region, 0)?;
-
-                copy(&mut region, || "copy ab", config.advices[6], 0, &hashes[0])?;
-                copy(&mut region, || "copy cd", config.advices[7], 0, &hashes[1])?;
-                copy(&mut region, || "copy ef", config.advices[8], 0, &hashes[2])?;
-
-                let scalar_val = hashes[0]
-                    .value()
-                    .zip(hashes[1].value())
-                    .zip(hashes[2].value())
-                    .map(|(abcd, ef)| abcd.0 + abcd.1 + ef);
-
-                let cell = region.assign_advice(
-                    || "hash(a,b)+hash(c,d)+hash(e,f)",
-                    config.advices[5],
-                    0,
-                    || scalar_val.ok_or(Error::SynthesisError),
-                )?;
-                Ok(CellValue::new(cell, scalar_val))
-            },
-        )?;
-
-        // Constrain the coin C
-        layouter.constrain_instance(coin.cell(), config.primary, MINT_COIN_OFFSET)?;
-
-        // ================
-        // Value commitment
-        // ================
-
-        // This constant one is used for short multiplication
-        let one = self.load_private(
-            layouter.namespace(|| "load constant one"),
-            config.advices[0],
-            Some(pallas::Base::one()),
-        )?;
-
-        // v * G_1
-        let (commitment, _) = {
-            let value_commit_v = OrchardFixedBases::ValueCommitV;
-            let value_commit_v = FixedPoint::from_inner(ecc_chip.clone(), value_commit_v);
-            value_commit_v.mul_short(layouter.namespace(|| "[value] ValueCommitV"), (value, one))?
-        };
-
-        // r_V * G_2
-        let (blind, _rcv) = {
-            let rcv = self.value_blind;
-            let value_commit_r = OrchardFixedBases::ValueCommitR;
-            let value_commit_r = FixedPoint::from_inner(ecc_chip.clone(), value_commit_r);
-            value_commit_r.mul(layouter.namespace(|| "[value_blind] ValueCommitR"), rcv)?
-        };
-
-        // Constrain the value commitment coordinates
-        let value_commit = commitment.add(layouter.namespace(|| "valuecommit"), &blind)?;
-        layouter.constrain_instance(
-            value_commit.inner().x().cell(),
-            config.primary,
-            MINT_VALCOMX_OFFSET,
-        )?;
-        layouter.constrain_instance(
-            value_commit.inner().y().cell(),
-            config.primary,
-            MINT_VALCOMY_OFFSET,
-        )?;
-
-        // ================
-        // Asset commitment
-        // ================
-        // a * G_1
-        let (commitment, _) = {
-            let asset_commit_v = OrchardFixedBases::ValueCommitV;
-            let asset_commit_v = FixedPoint::from_inner(ecc_chip.clone(), asset_commit_v);
-            asset_commit_v.mul_short(layouter.namespace(|| "[asset] ValueCommitV"), (asset, one))?
-        };
-
-        // r_A * G_2
-        let (blind, _rca) = {
-            let rca = self.asset_blind;
-            let asset_commit_r = OrchardFixedBases::ValueCommitR;
-            let asset_commit_r = FixedPoint::from_inner(ecc_chip, asset_commit_r);
-            asset_commit_r.mul(layouter.namespace(|| "[asset_blind] ValueCommitR"), rca)?
-        };
-
-        // Constrain the asset commitment coordinates
-        let asset_commit = commitment.add(layouter.namespace(|| "assetcommit"), &blind)?;
-        layouter.constrain_instance(
-            asset_commit.inner().x().cell(),
-            config.primary,
-            MINT_ASSCOMX_OFFSET,
-        )?;
-        layouter.constrain_instance(
-            asset_commit.inner().y().cell(),
-            config.primary,
-            MINT_ASSCOMY_OFFSET,
-        )?;
-
-        // At this point we've enforced all of our public inputs.
-        Ok(())
-    }
-}
-
-fn main() {
-    // The number of rows in our circuit cannot exceed 2^k
-    let k: u32 = 9;
-
-    let pubkey = pallas::Point::random(&mut OsRng);
-    let coords = pubkey.to_affine().coordinates().unwrap();
-
-    let value = 42;
-    let asset = 1;
-
-    let value_blind = pallas::Scalar::random(&mut OsRng);
-    let asset_blind = pallas::Scalar::random(&mut OsRng);
-
-    let serial = pallas::Base::random(&mut OsRng);
-    let coin_blind = pallas::Base::random(&mut OsRng);
-
-    // poseidon_hash(x, y) + poseidon_hash(value, asset) + poseidon_hash(serial, coin_blind)
-    let mut coin = pallas::Base::zero();
-
-    let messages = [
-        [*coords.x(), *coords.y()],
-        [pallas::Base::from(value), pallas::Base::from(asset)],
-        [serial, coin_blind],
-    ];
-
-    for msg in messages.iter() {
-        let hash = primitives::poseidon::Hash::init(P128Pow5T3, ConstantLength::<2>).hash(*msg);
-        coin += hash;
-    }
-
-    let value_commit = pedersen_commitment(value, value_blind);
-    let value_coords = value_commit.to_affine().coordinates().unwrap();
-
-    let asset_commit = pedersen_commitment(asset, asset_blind);
-    let asset_coords = asset_commit.to_affine().coordinates().unwrap();
-
-    let public_inputs = vec![
-        coin,
-        *value_coords.x(),
-        *value_coords.y(),
-        *asset_coords.x(),
-        *asset_coords.y(),
-    ];
-
-    let circuit = MintCircuit {
-        pub_x: Some(*coords.x()),
-        pub_y: Some(*coords.y()),
-        value: Some(pallas::Base::from(value)),
-        asset: Some(pallas::Base::from(asset)),
-        serial: Some(serial),
-        coin_blind: Some(coin_blind),
-        value_blind: Some(value_blind),
-        asset_blind: Some(asset_blind),
-    };
-
-    let prover = MockProver::run(k, &circuit, vec![public_inputs.clone()]).unwrap();
-    assert_eq!(prover.verify(), Ok(()));
-
-    // Actual ZK proof
-    let start = Instant::now();
-    let vk = VerifyingKey::build(k, MintCircuit::default());
-    let pk = ProvingKey::build(k, MintCircuit::default());
-    println!("Setup: [{:?}]", start.elapsed());
-
-    let start = Instant::now();
-    let proof = Proof::create(&pk, &[circuit], &public_inputs).unwrap();
-    println!("Prove: [{:?}]", start.elapsed());
-
-    let start = Instant::now();
-    assert!(proof.verify(&vk, &public_inputs).is_ok());
-    println!("Verify: [{:?}]", start.elapsed());
-}

examples/halo2/src/lib.rs

@@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
-pub mod constants;
-pub mod crypto;
-pub mod proof;
-pub mod spec;

proof/burn.zk

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+# :set syntax=zk
+# :source scripts/zk.vim
+constant EcFixedPoint VALUE_COMMIT_VALUE
+constant EcFixedPoint VALUE_COMMIT_RANDOM
+constant EcFixedPoint SPEND_AUTH_G
+
+contract Burn {
+    Base secret
+    Base serial
+    MerklePath path
+    Base leaf
+
+    Base value
+    Base asset
+    Scalar value_blind
+    Scalar asset_blind
+    Scalar sig_secret
+}
+
+circuit Burn {
+    # nullifier = Hash(secret, serial)
+    poseidon_hash nullifier secret serial
+    constrain_instance nullifier
+
+    # root = calculate_root(path, leaf)
+    calculate_merkle_root root path leaf
+    constrain_instance root
+
+    # value_commit = PedersenCommit(value, value_blind);
+    ec_mul_short vcv value VALUE_COMMIT_VALUE
+    ec_mul vcr value_blind VALUE_COMMIT_RANDOM
+    ec_add value_commit vcv vcr
+    ec_get_x x value_commit
+    ec_get_y y value_commit
+    constrain_instance x
+    constrain_instance y
+
+    # asset_commit = PedersenCommit(asset, asset_blind);
+    ec_mul_short acv asset VALUE_COMMIT_VALUE
+    ec_mul acr asset_blind VALUE_COMMIT_RANDOM
+    ec_add asset_commit acv acr
+    ec_get_x x asset_commit
+    ec_get_y y asset_commit
+    constrain_instance x
+    constrain_instance y
+
+    # spend_auth_public = sig_secret * SPEND_AUTH_G
+    ec_mul spend_auth_public sig_secret SPEND_AUTH_G
+    ec_get_x sx spend_auth_public
+    ec_get_y sy spend_auth_public
+    constrain_instance sx
+    constrain_instance sy
+
+    # return (nullifier, root, value_commit, value_blind);
+}
+

proof/mint.zk

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+# :set syntax=zk
+# :source scripts/zk.vim
+constant EcFixedPoint VALUE_COMMIT_VALUE
+constant EcFixedPoint VALUE_COMMIT_RANDOM
+
+contract Mint {
+    Base pub_x
+    Base pub_y
+    Base value
+    Base asset
+    Base serial
+    Base coin_blind
+    Scalar value_blind
+    Scalar asset_blind
+}
+
+circuit Mint {
+    # coin = Hash(pub_x, pub_y, value, asset, serial, coin_blind);
+    poseidon_hash C1 pub_x pub_y
+    poseidon_hash C2 value asset
+    poseidon_hash C3 serial coin_blind
+    add C12 C1 C2
+    add C C12 C3
+    constrain_instance C 
+
+    # value_commit = PedersenCommit(value, value_blind);
+    ec_mul_short vcv value VALUE_COMMIT_VALUE
+    ec_mul vcr value_blind VALUE_COMMIT_RANDOM
+    ec_add value_commit vcv vcr
+    ec_get_x x value_commit
+    ec_get_y y value_commit
+    constrain_instance x
+    constrain_instance y
+
+    # asset_commit = PedersenCommit(asset, asset_blind);
+    ec_mul_short acv asset VALUE_COMMIT_VALUE
+    ec_mul acr asset_blind VALUE_COMMIT_RANDOM
+    ec_add asset_commit acv acr
+    ec_get_x x asset_commit
+    ec_get_y y asset_commit
+    constrain_instance x
+    constrain_instance y
+
+    # return (coin, value_commit, asset_commit);
+}
+

run_burn_zk.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#!/bin/bash -x
+python script/zkas.py proof/burn.zk --bincode
+du -sh proof/burn.zk.bin
+python script/zkas.py proof/burn.zk
+#python script/zkas.py proof/mint.zk
+cargo run --release --bin vm2_burn
+

run_mint_zk.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#!/bin/bash -x
+python script/zkas.py proof/mint.zk --bincode
+du -sh proof/mint.zk.bin
+python script/zkas.py proof/mint.zk
+#python script/zkas.py proof/mint.zk
+cargo run --release --bin vm2
+

script/research/halo/plonk_kate.sage

@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+# We'll use y^2 = x^3 + 3 for our curve, over F_101
+p = 101
+F = FiniteField(p)
+R.<x_f> = F[]
+E = EllipticCurve(F, [0, 3])
+print(E)
+
+e_points = E.points()
+# Our generator G_1 = E(1, 2)
+G_1 = e_points[1]
+
+# Let's find a subgroup with this generator.
+print(f"Finding a subgroup with generator {G_1} ...")
+r = 1
+elem = G_1
+while True:
+    elem += G_1
+    r += 1
+    if elem == e_points[0]:
+        break
+
+print(f"Found subgroup of order r={r} using generator {G_1}")
+
+# Now let's find the embedding degree.
+# The embedding degree is the smallest k such that r|p^k - 1
+# In other words: p^k == 1 mod r
+k = 1
+print(f"Finding embedding degree for {p}^k mod {r} ...")
+while True:
+    if p ^ k % r == 1:
+        break
+    k += 1
+
+print(f"Found embedding degree: k={k}")
+
+# Our extension field. The polynomial x^2+2 is irreducible in F_101.
+F2.<u> = F.extension(x_f^2+2, 'u')
+assert u^2 == -2
+print(F2)
+E2 = EllipticCurve(F2, [0, 3])
+print(E2)
+# One of the generators for this curve we can use is (36, 31u)
+G_2 = E2(36, 31*u)
+
+# Now we build the trusted setup. The SRS is a list of EC points
+# parameterized by a randomly generated secret number s.
+# According to the PLONK protocol paper, a circuit with n gates requires
+# an SRS with at least n+5 elements.
+
+# We choose 2 as our random number for demo purposes.
+s = 2
+# Our circuit will have 4 gates.
+n_gates = 4
+
+SRS = []
+for i in range(0, n_gates+3):
+	SRS.append(s^i * G_1)
+for i in range(0, 2):
+	SRS.append(s^i * G_2)
+
+# Composing our circuit. We'll test a^2 + b^2 = c^2:
+# x_1 * x_1 = x_2
+# x_3 * x_3 = x_4
+# x_5 * x_5 = x_6
+# x_2 + x_4 = x_6
+#
+# In order to satisfy these constraints, we need to supply six numbers
+# as wire values that make all of the equations correct.
+# e.g. x=(3, 9, 4, 16, 5, 25) would work.
+
+# A full PLONK gate looks like this:
+# (q_L)*a + (q_R)*b + (q_O)*c + (q_M)*a*b + q_C = 0
+#
+# Where a, b, c are the left, right, output wires of the gate.
+#
+# a + b = c  ---> q_L=1 , q_R=1, q_O=-1, q_M=0, q_C = 0
+# a * b = c  ---> q_O=-1, q_M=1, and the rest = 0
+#
+# To bind a variable to a public value:
+# q_R = q_O = q_M = 0
+# q_L = 1
+# q_C = public_value
+#
+# Considering all inputs as private, we get these four PLONK gates
+# representing our circuit:
+# 0*a_1 + 0*b_1 + (-1)*c_1 + 1*a_1*b_1 + 0 = 0    (a_1 * b_1 = c_1)
+# 0*a_2 + 0*b_2 + (-1)*c_2 + 1*a_2*b_2 + 0 = 0    (a_2 * b_2 = c_2)
+# 0*a_3 + 0*b_3 + (-1)*c_3 + 1*a_3*b_3 + 0 = 0    (a_3 * b_3 = c_3)
+# 1*a_4 + 1*b_4 + (-1)*c_4 + 0*a_4*b_4 + 0 = 0    (a_4 + b_4 = c_4)
+#
+# So let's test with (3, 4, 5)
+# a_i (left) values will be (3, 4, 5, 9)
+# b_i (right) values will be (3, 4, 5, 16)
+# c_i (output) values will be (9, 16, 25, 25)
+
+# Selectors
+q_L = vector([0, 0, 0, 1])
+q_R = vector([0, 0, 0, 1])
+q_O = vector([-1, -1, -1, -1])
+q_M = vector([1, 1, 1, 0])
+q_C = vector([0, 0, 0, 0])
+# Assignments
+a = vector([3, 4, 5, 9])
+b = vector([3, 4, 5, 16])
+c = vector([9, 16, 25, 25])
+
+# Roots of Unity.
+# The vectors for our circuit and assignment are all length 4, so the domain
+# for our polynomial interpolation must have at least four elements.
+roots_of_unity = []
+F_r = FiniteField(r)
+for i in F_r:
+	if i^4 == 1:
+		roots_of_unity.append(i)
+
+omega_0 = roots_of_unity[0]
+omega_1 = roots_of_unity[1]
+omega_2 = roots_of_unity[3]
+omega_3 = roots_of_unity[2]
+
+# Cosets
+# k_1 not in H, k_2 not in H nor k_1H
+k_1 = 2
+k_2 = 3
+H = [omega_0, omega_1, omega_2, omega_3]
+k1H = [H[0]*k_1, H[1]*k_1, H[2]*k_1, H[3]*k_1]
+k2H = [H[0]*k_2, H[1]*k_2, H[2]*k_2, H[3]*k_2]
+print("Polynomial interpolation using roots of unity")
+print(f"H:   {H}")
+print(f"k1H: {k1H}")
+print(f"k2H: {k2H}")
+
+# Interpolating using the Roots of Unity
+# The interpolated polynomial will be degree-3 and have the form:
+# f_a(x) = d + c*x + b*x^2 + a*x^3
+# f_a(1) = 3, f_a(4) = 4, f_a(16) = 5, f_a(13) = 9
+# Note that the above x is H (the omegas)
+#
+# This gives a system of equations:
+# f(1)  = d + c*1 + b*1^2 + a*1^3 = 3
+# f(4)  = d + c*4 + b*4^2 + a*4^3 = 4
+# f(16) = d + c*16 + b*16^2 + a*16^3 = 5
+# f(13) = d + c*13 + b*13^2 + a*13^3 = 9
+
+# We can rewrite it as a matrix equation and solve by computing
+# an inverse matrix.
+def inverse_matrix(c):
+	return Matrix([
+		[c[0]^0, c[0]^1, c[0]^2, c[0]^3],
+		[c[1]^0, c[1]^1, c[1]^2, c[1]^3],
+		[c[2]^0, c[2]^1, c[2]^2, c[2]^3],
+		[c[3]^0, c[3]^1, c[3]^2, c[3]^3],
+	])^-1
+
+# Now we can find polynomial f_a by multiplying the vector a=(3,4,5,9) by
+# the interpolation matrix.
+f_a_coeffs = inverse_matrix(H) * a
+f_b_coeffs = inverse_matrix(H) * b
+f_c_coeffs = inverse_matrix(H) * c
+q_L_coeffs = inverse_matrix(H) * q_L
+q_R_coeffs = inverse_matrix(H) * q_R
+q_O_coeffs = inverse_matrix(H) * q_O
+q_M_coeffs = inverse_matrix(H) * q_M
+q_C_coeffs = inverse_matrix(H) * q_C
+
+# The copy constraints involving left, right, output values are encoded as
+# polynomials S_sigma_1, S_sigma_2, S_sigma_3 using the cosets we found
+# earlier. The roots of unity H are used to label entries in vector a,
+# the elements of k1H are used to label entries in vector b, and vector c is
+# labeled by the elements of k2H.
+print("Copy constraints:")
+print(f"a: {a}")
+print(f"b: {b}")
+print(f"c: {c}")
+# a1 = b1, a2 = b2, a3 = b3, a4 = c1
+sigma_1 = vector([k1H[0], k1H[1], k1H[2], k2H[0]])
+print(f"sigma_1: {sigma_1}")
+# b1 = a1, b2 = a2, b3 = a3, b4 = c2
+sigma_2 = vector([H[0], H[1], H[2], k2H[1]])
+print(f"sigma_2: {sigma_2}")
+# c1 = a4, c2 = b4, c3 = c4, c4 = c3
+sigma_3 = vector([H[3], k1H[3], k2H[3], k2H[2]])
+print(f"sigma_3: {sigma_3}")
+
+S_sigma_1_coeffs = inverse_matrix(H) * sigma_1
+S_sigma_2_coeffs = inverse_matrix(H) * sigma_2
+S_sigma_3_coeffs = inverse_matrix(H) * sigma_3

script/research/rsa_accum.sage

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+p = 2^31 - 1
+q = 2^61 - 1
+assert is_prime(p)
+assert is_prime(q)
+n = p * q
+# Order of the multiplicative group for n
+# phi = (p - 1) * (q - 1)
+K = IntegerModRing(n)
+
+A_0 = K(5)
+
+c_0 = random_prime(2^12)
+A_1 = A_0^c_0
+
+c_1 = random_prime(2^12)
+A_2 = A_1^c_1
+
+c_2 = random_prime(2^12)
+W_3 = A_2
+A_3 = A_2^c_2
+
+c_3 = random_prime(2^12)
+W_4 = W_3^c_3
+A_4 = A_3^c_3
+
+c_4 = random_prime(2^12)
+W_5 = W_4^c_4
+A_5 = A_4^c_4
+
+assert W_5^c_2 == A_5
+assert A_5 == A_0^(c_0 * c_1 * c_2 * c_3 * c_4)
+assert W_5 == A_0^(c_0 * c_1       * c_3 * c_4)
+

script/to_html.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+#nvim -c ":TOhtml" $1
+sed -i "s/PreProc { color: #5fd7ff; }/PreProc { color: #8f2722; }/" $1
+sed -i "s/Comment { color: #00ffff; }/Comment { color: #0055ff; }/" $1
+

script/zk.vim

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+"For autoload, add this to your VIM config:
+"   VIM:    .vimrc
+"   NeoVIM: .config/nvim/init.vim
+"
+"autocmd BufRead *.pism call SetPismOptions()
+"function SetPismOptions()
+"    set syntax=pism
+"    source /home/narodnik/src/drk/scripts/pism.vim
+"endfunction
+
+if exists('b:current_syntax')
+    finish
+endif
+
+syn keyword drkKeyword constant contract circuit
+"syn keyword drkAttr
+syn keyword drkType EcFixedPoint Base Scalar
+"syn keyword drkFunctionKeyword enforce lc0_add_one lc1_add_one lc2_add_one lc_coeff_reset lc_coeff_double lc0_sub_one lc1_sub_one lc2_sub_one dump_alloc dump_local
+syn match drkFunction "^[ ]*[a-z_0-9]* "
+syn match drkComment "#.*$"
+syn match drkNumber ' \zs\d\+\ze'
+syn match drkHexNumber ' \zs0x[a-z0-9]\+\ze'
+syn match drkConst '[A-Z_]\{2,}[A-Z0-9_]*'
+syn keyword drkBoolVal true false
+syn match drkPreproc "{%.*%}"
+syn match drkPreproc2 "{{.*}}"
+
+hi def link drkKeyword    Statement
+"hi def link drkAttr       StorageClass
+hi def link drkPreproc    PreProc
+hi def link drkPreproc2   PreProc
+hi def link drkType       Type
+hi def link drkFunction   Function
+hi def link drkFunctionKeyword Function
+hi def link drkComment    Comment
+hi def link drkNumber     Constant
+hi def link drkHexNumber  Constant
+hi def link drkConst      Constant
+hi def link drkBoolVal    Constant
+
+let b:current_syntax = "pism"

script/zkas.py

@@ -0,0 +1,402 @@
+import argparse
+import sys
+
+from zkas.types import *
+
+class CompileException(Exception):
+
+    def __init__(self, error_message, line):
+        super().__init__(error_message)
+        self.error_message = error_message
+        self.line = line
+
+class Constants:
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.table = []
+        self.map = {}
+
+    def add(self, variable, type_id):
+        idx = len(self.table)
+        self.table.append(type_id)
+        self.map[variable] = idx
+
+    def lookup(self, variable):
+        idx = self.map[variable]
+        return self.table[idx]
+
+    def variables(self):
+        return self.map.keys()
+
+class SyntaxStruct:
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.contracts = {}
+        self.circuits = {}
+        self.constants = Constants()
+
+    def parse_contract(self, line, it):
+        assert line.tokens[0] == "contract"
+        if len(line.tokens) != 3 or line.tokens[2] != "{":
+            raise CompileException("malformed contract opening", line)
+        name = line.tokens[1]
+        if name in self.contracts:
+            raise CompileException(f"duplicate contract {name}", line)
+        lines = []
+
+        while True:
+            try:
+                line = next(it)
+            except StopIteration:
+                raise CompileException(
+    f"premature end of file while parsing {name} contract", line)
+
+            assert len(line.tokens) > 0
+            if line.tokens[0] == "}":
+                break
+
+            lines.append(line)
+
+        self.contracts[name] = lines
+
+    def parse_circuit(self, line, it):
+        assert line.tokens[0] == "circuit"
+        if len(line.tokens) != 3 or line.tokens[2] != "{":
+            raise CompileException("malformed circuit opening", line)
+        name = line.tokens[1]
+        if name in self.circuits:
+            raise CompileException(f"duplicate contract {name}", line)
+        lines = []
+
+        while True:
+            try:
+                line = next(it)
+            except StopIteration:
+                raise CompileException(
+    f"premature end of file while parsing {name} circuit", line)
+
+            assert len(line.tokens) > 0
+            if line.tokens[0] == "}":
+                break
+
+            lines.append(line)
+
+        self.circuits[name] = lines
+
+    def parse_constant(self, line):
+        assert line.tokens[0] == "constant"
+        if len(line.tokens) != 3:
+            raise CompileException("malformed constant line", line)
+        _, type_name, variable = line.tokens
+        if type_name not in allowed_types:
+            raise CompileException("unknown type '{type}'", line)
+        type_id = allowed_types[type_name]
+        self.constants.add(variable, type_id)
+
+    def verify(self):
+        self.static_checks()
+        schema = self.format_data()
+        self.trace_circuits(schema)
+        return schema
+
+    def static_checks(self):
+        for name, lines in self.contracts.items():
+            for line in lines:
+                if len(line.tokens) != 2:
+                    raise CompileException("incorrect number of tokens", line)
+                type, variable = line.tokens
+                if type not in allowed_types:
+                    raise CompileException(
+                        f"unknown type specifier for variable {variable}", line)
+
+        for name, lines in self.circuits.items():
+            for line in lines:
+                assert len(line.tokens) > 0
+                func_name, args = line.tokens[0], line.tokens[1:]
+                if func_name not in function_formats:
+                    raise CompileException(f"unknown function call {func_name}",
+                                         line)
+                func_format = function_formats[func_name]
+                if len(args) != func_format.total_arguments():
+                    raise CompileException(
+        f"incorrect number of arguments for function call {func_name}", line)
+
+        # Finally check there are matching circuits and contracts
+        all_names = set(self.circuits.keys()) | set(self.contracts.keys())
+
+        for name in all_names:
+            if name not in self.contracts:
+                raise CompileException(f"missing contract for {name}", None)
+            if name not in self.circuits:
+                raise CompileException(f"missing circuit for {name}", None)
+
+    def format_data(self):
+        schema = []
+        for name, circuit in self.circuits.items():
+            assert name in self.contracts
+            contract = self.contracts[name]
+
+            witness = []
+            for line in contract:
+                assert len(line.tokens) == 2
+                type_name, variable = line.tokens
+                assert type_name in allowed_types
+                type_id = allowed_types[type_name]
+                witness.append((type_id, variable, line))
+
+            code = []
+            for line in circuit:
+                assert len(line.tokens) > 0
+                func_name, args = line.tokens[0], line.tokens[1:]
+                assert func_name in function_formats
+                func_format = function_formats[func_name]
+                assert len(args) == func_format.total_arguments()
+
+                return_values = []
+                if func_format.return_type_ids:
+                    rv_len = len(func_format.return_type_ids)
+                    return_values, args = args[:rv_len], args[rv_len:]
+
+                func_id = func_format.func_id
+                code.append((func_format, return_values, args, line))
+
+            schema.append((name, witness, code))
+        return schema
+
+    def trace_circuits(self, schema):
+        for name, witness, code in schema:
+            tracer = DynamicTracer(name, witness, code, self.constants)
+            tracer.execute()
+
+class DynamicTracer:
+
+    def __init__(self, name, contract_witness, circuit_code, constants):
+        self.name = name
+        self.witness = contract_witness
+        self.code = circuit_code
+        self.constants = constants
+
+    def execute(self):
+        stack = {}
+
+        # Load constants
+        for variable in self.constants.variables():
+            stack[variable] = self.constants.lookup(variable)
+
+        # Preload stack with our witness values
+        for type_id, variable, line in self.witness:
+            stack[variable] = type_id
+
+        for i, (func_format, return_values, args, code_line) \
+            in enumerate(self.code):
+
+            assert len(args) == len(func_format.param_types)
+            for variable, type_id in zip(args, func_format.param_types):
+                if variable not in stack:
+                    raise CompileException(
+                        f"variable '{variable}' is not defined", code_line)
+
+                stack_type_id = stack[variable]
+                if stack_type_id != type_id:
+                    type_name = type_id_to_name[type_id]
+                    stack_type_name = type_id_to_name[stack_type_id]
+                    raise CompileException(
+    f"variable '{variable}' has incorrect type. "
+    f"Found {type_name} but expected variable of "
+    f"type {stack_type_name}", code_line)
+
+                assert len(return_values) == len(func_format.return_type_ids)
+
+                for return_variable, return_type_id \
+                    in zip(return_values, func_format.return_type_ids):
+
+                    # Note that later variables shadow earlier ones.
+                    # We accept this.
+
+                    stack[return_variable] = return_type_id
+
+class CodeLine:
+
+    def __init__(self, func_format, return_values, args, arg_idxs, code_line):
+        self.func_format = func_format
+        self.return_values = return_values
+        self.args = args
+        self.arg_idxs = arg_idxs
+        self.code_line = code_line
+
+    def func_name(self):
+        return func_id_to_name[self.func_format.func_id]
+
+class CompiledContract:
+
+    def __init__(self, name, witness, code):
+        self.name = name
+        self.witness = witness
+        self.code = code
+
+class Compiler:
+
+    def __init__(self, witness, uncompiled_code, constants):
+        self.witness = witness
+        self.uncompiled_code = uncompiled_code
+        self.constants = constants
+
+    def compile(self):
+        code = []
+
+        # Each unique type_id has its own stack
+        stacks = [[] for i in range(TYPE_ID_LAST)]
+        # Map from variable name to stacks above
+        stack_vars = {}
+
+        def alloc(variable, type_id):
+            assert type_id <= len(stacks)
+            idx = len(stacks[type_id])
+            # Add variable to the stack for its type_id
+            stacks[type_id].append(variable)
+            # Create mapping from variable name
+            stack_vars[variable] = (type_id, idx)
+
+        # Load constants
+        for variable in self.constants.variables():
+            type_id = self.constants.lookup(variable)
+            alloc(variable, type_id)
+
+        # Preload stack with our witness values
+        for type_id, variable, line in self.witness:
+            alloc(variable, type_id)
+
+        for i, (func_format, return_values, args, code_line) \
+            in enumerate(self.uncompiled_code):
+
+            assert len(args) == len(func_format.param_types)
+
+            arg_idxs = []
+
+            # Loop through all arguments
+            for variable, type_id in zip(args, func_format.param_types):
+                assert type_id <= len(stacks)
+                assert variable in stack_vars
+                # Find the index for the M by N matrix of our variable
+                loc_type_id, loc_idx = stack_vars[variable]
+                assert type_id == loc_type_id
+                assert stacks[loc_type_id][loc_idx] == variable
+
+                # This is the info to be serialized, not the variable names
+                arg_idxs.append(loc_idx)
+
+            assert len(return_values) == len(func_format.return_type_ids)
+
+            for return_variable, return_type_id \
+                in zip(return_values, func_format.return_type_ids):
+
+                # Allocate returned values so they can be used by
+                # subsequent function calls.
+                alloc(return_variable, return_type_id)
+
+            code.append(CodeLine(func_format, return_values, args,
+                                 arg_idxs, code_line))
+
+        return code
+
+class Line:
+
+    def __init__(self, tokens, original_line, number):
+        self.tokens = tokens
+        self.orig = original_line
+        self.number = number
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return f"Line({self.number}: {str(self.tokens)})"
+
+def load(src_file):
+    source = []
+    for i, original_line in enumerate(src_file):
+        # Remove whitespace on both sides
+        line = original_line.strip()
+        # Strip out comments
+        line = line.split("#")[0]
+        # Split at whitespace
+        line = line.split()
+        if not line:
+            continue
+        line_number = i + 1
+        source.append(Line(line, original_line, line_number))
+    return source
+
+def parse(source):
+    syntax = SyntaxStruct()
+    it = iter(source)
+    while True:
+        try:
+            line = next(it)
+        except StopIteration:
+            break
+
+        assert len(line.tokens) > 0
+        if line.tokens[0] == "contract":
+            syntax.parse_contract(line, it)
+        elif line.tokens[0] == "circuit":
+            syntax.parse_circuit(line, it)
+        elif line.tokens[0] == "constant":
+            syntax.parse_constant(line)
+        elif line.tokens[0] == "}":
+            raise CompileException("unmatched delimiter '}'", line)
+    return syntax
+
+def main():
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
+    parser.add_argument("SOURCE", help="ZK script to compile")
+    parser.add_argument("--output", default=None, help="output file")
+    group = parser.add_mutually_exclusive_group()
+    group.add_argument('--display', action='store_true',
+                       help="show the compiled code in human readable format")
+    group.add_argument('--bincode', action='store_true',
+                       help="output compiled code to zkvm supervisor")
+    args = parser.parse_args()
+
+    with open(args.SOURCE, "r") as src_file:
+        source = load(src_file)
+    try:
+        syntax = parse(source)
+        schema = syntax.verify()
+        contracts = []
+        for name, witness, uncompiled_code in schema:
+            compiler = Compiler(witness, uncompiled_code, syntax.constants)
+            code = compiler.compile()
+            contracts.append(CompiledContract(name, witness, code))
+        constants = syntax.constants
+        if args.display:
+            from zkas.text_output import output
+            if args.output is None:
+                output(sys.stdout, contracts, constants)
+            else:
+                with open(outpath, "w") as file:
+                    output(file, contracts, constants)
+        elif args.bincode:
+            from zkas.bincode_output import output
+            outpath = args.output
+            if args.output is None:
+                outpath = args.SOURCE + ".bin"
+            with open(outpath, "wb") as file:
+                output(file, contracts, constants)
+        else:
+            from zkas.text_output import output
+            if args.output is None:
+                output(sys.stdout, contracts, constants)
+            else:
+                with open(outpath, "w") as file:
+                    output(file, contracts, constants)
+    except CompileException as ex:
+        print(f"Error: {ex.error_message}", file=sys.stderr)
+        if ex.line is not None:
+            print(f"Line {ex.line.number}: {ex.line.orig}", file=sys.stderr)
+        #return -1
+        raise
+    return 0
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    sys.exit(main())
+
+# todo: think about extendable payment scheme which
+# is like bitcoin soft forks

script/zkas/bincode_output.py

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+import struct
+
+def varuint(value):
+    if value <= 0xfc:
+        return struct.pack("<B", value)
+    elif value <= 0xffff:
+        return struct.pack("<BH", 0xfd, value)
+    elif value <= 0xffffffff:
+        return struct.pack("<BI", 0xfe, value)
+    else:
+        return struct.pack("<BQ", 0xff, value)
+
+def write_len(output, objects):
+    output.write(varuint(len(objects)))
+
+def write_value(fmt, output, value):
+    value_bytes = struct.pack("<" + fmt, value)
+    output.write(value_bytes)
+
+def write_u8(output, value):
+    write_value("B", output, value)
+def write_u32(output, value):
+    write_value("I", output, value)
+
+def output_contract(output, contract):
+    write_len(output, contract.name)
+    output.write(contract.name.encode())
+    write_len(output, contract.witness)
+    for type_id, variable, _ in contract.witness:
+        write_len(output, variable)
+        output.write(variable.encode())
+        write_u8(output, type_id)
+    write_len(output, contract.code)
+    for code in contract.code:
+        func_id = code.func_format.func_id
+        write_u8(output, func_id)
+        for arg_idx in code.arg_idxs:
+            write_u32(output, arg_idx)
+
+def output(output, contracts, constants):
+    write_len(output, constants.variables())
+    for variable in constants.variables():
+        write_len(output, variable)
+        output.write(variable.encode())
+        type_id = constants.lookup(variable)
+        write_u8(output, type_id)
+    write_len(output, contracts)
+    for contract in contracts:
+        output_contract(output, contract)
+

script/zkas/text_output.py

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+from .types import type_id_to_name, func_id_to_name
+
+def output(output, contracts, constants):
+    output.write("Constants:\n")
+    for variable in constants.variables():
+        type_id = constants.lookup(variable)
+        output.write(f"  {type_id} {variable}\n")
+    for contract in contracts:
+        output.write(f"{contract.name}:\n")
+
+        output.write(f"  Witness:\n")
+        for type_id, variable, _ in contract.witness:
+            type_name = type_id_to_name[type_id]
+            output.write(f"    {type_name} {variable}\n")
+
+        output.write(f"  Code:\n")
+        for code in contract.code:
+            output.write(f"    # args = {code.args}\n")
+            output.write(f"    {code.func_name()} {code.return_values} "
+                             f"{code.arg_idxs}\n")
+

script/zkas/types.py

@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+TYPE_ID_BASE                    = 0
+TYPE_ID_SCALAR                  = 1
+TYPE_ID_EC_POINT                = 2
+TYPE_ID_EC_FIXED_POINT          = 3
+TYPE_ID_MERKLE_PATH             = 4
+# This is so we know the number of TYPE_ID stacks
+TYPE_ID_LAST                    = 5
+
+allowed_types = {
+    "Base":                 TYPE_ID_BASE,
+    "Scalar":               TYPE_ID_SCALAR,
+    "EcFixedPoint":         TYPE_ID_EC_FIXED_POINT,
+    "MerklePath":           TYPE_ID_MERKLE_PATH,
+}
+# Used for debug and error messages
+type_id_to_name = dict((value, key) for key, value in allowed_types.items())
+
+FUNC_ID_POSEIDON_HASH           = 0
+FUNC_ID_ADD                     = 1
+FUNC_ID_CONSTRAIN_INSTANCE      = 2
+FUNC_ID_EC_MUL_SHORT            = 3
+FUNC_ID_EC_MUL                  = 4
+FUNC_ID_EC_ADD                  = 5
+FUNC_ID_EC_GET_X                = 6
+FUNC_ID_EC_GET_Y                = 7
+FUNC_ID_CALCULATE_MERKLE_ROOT   = 8
+
+class FuncFormat:
+
+    def __init__(self, func_id, return_type_ids, param_types):
+        self.func_id = func_id
+        self.return_type_ids = return_type_ids
+        self.param_types = param_types
+
+    def total_arguments(self):
+        return len(self.return_type_ids) + len(self.param_types)
+
+function_formats = {
+    "poseidon_hash": FuncFormat(
+        # Funcion ID            Type ID             Parameter types
+        FUNC_ID_POSEIDON_HASH,  [TYPE_ID_BASE],     [TYPE_ID_BASE,
+                                                     TYPE_ID_BASE]
+    ),
+    "add": FuncFormat(
+        FUNC_ID_ADD,            [TYPE_ID_BASE],     [TYPE_ID_BASE,
+                                                     TYPE_ID_BASE]
+    ),
+    "constrain_instance": FuncFormat(
+        FUNC_ID_CONSTRAIN_INSTANCE, [],             [TYPE_ID_BASE]
+    ),
+    "ec_mul_short": FuncFormat(
+        FUNC_ID_EC_MUL_SHORT,   [TYPE_ID_EC_POINT], [TYPE_ID_BASE,
+                                                     TYPE_ID_EC_FIXED_POINT]
+    ),
+    "ec_mul": FuncFormat(
+        FUNC_ID_EC_MUL,         [TYPE_ID_EC_POINT], [TYPE_ID_SCALAR,
+                                                     TYPE_ID_EC_FIXED_POINT]
+    ),
+    "ec_add": FuncFormat(
+        FUNC_ID_EC_ADD,         [TYPE_ID_EC_POINT], [TYPE_ID_EC_POINT,
+                                                     TYPE_ID_EC_POINT]
+    ),
+    "ec_get_x": FuncFormat(
+        FUNC_ID_EC_GET_X,       [TYPE_ID_BASE],     [TYPE_ID_EC_POINT]
+    ),
+    "ec_get_y": FuncFormat(
+        FUNC_ID_EC_GET_Y,       [TYPE_ID_BASE],     [TYPE_ID_EC_POINT]
+    ),
+    "calculate_merkle_root": FuncFormat(
+        FUNC_ID_CALCULATE_MERKLE_ROOT, 
+                                [TYPE_ID_BASE],     [TYPE_ID_MERKLE_PATH,
+                                                     TYPE_ID_BASE]
+    ),
+}
+
+func_id_to_name = dict((fmt.func_id, key) for key, fmt
+                       in function_formats.items())

src/async_serial.rs

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 use futures::prelude::*;
 
 use crate::endian;
-use crate::error::{Error, Result};
 use crate::serial::VarInt;
+use crate::{Error, Result};
 
 impl VarInt {
     pub async fn encode_async<W: AsyncWrite + Unpin>(&self, stream: &mut W) -> Result<usize> {

examples/halo2/src/bin/burn.rs → src/bin/burn.rs

@@ -29,24 +29,33 @@ use halo2_gadgets::{
         merkle::MerklePath,
     },
     utilities::{
-        lookup_range_check::LookupRangeCheckConfig, CellValue, UtilitiesInstructions, Var,
+        copy, lookup_range_check::LookupRangeCheckConfig, CellValue, UtilitiesInstructions, Var,
     },
 };
+use incrementalmerkletree::{
+    bridgetree::{BridgeTree, Frontier as BridgeFrontier},
+    Altitude, Frontier, Tree,
+};
 use pasta_curves::{
     arithmetic::{CurveAffine, Field},
-    group::{ff::PrimeFieldBits, Curve},
+    group::{
+        ff::{PrimeField, PrimeFieldBits},
+        Curve,
+    },
     pallas,
 };
 use rand::rngs::OsRng;
 
-use drk_halo2::{
+use drk::crypto::{
     constants::{
-        sinsemilla::{OrchardCommitDomains, OrchardHashDomains, MERKLE_CRH_PERSONALIZATION},
+        sinsemilla::{
+            i2lebsp, OrchardCommitDomains, OrchardHashDomains, MERKLE_CRH_PERSONALIZATION,
+        },
         OrchardFixedBases,
     },
-    crypto::pedersen_commitment,
+    merkle_node2::MerkleNode,
     proof::{Proof, ProvingKey, VerifyingKey},
-    spec::i2lebsp,
+    util::{pedersen_commitment_scalar, pedersen_commitment_u64},
 };
 
 #[derive(Clone, Debug)]
@@ -119,7 +128,6 @@ struct BurnCircuit {
     coin_blind: Option<pallas::Base>,
     value_blind: Option<pallas::Scalar>,
     asset_blind: Option<pallas::Scalar>,
-    leaf: Option<pallas::Base>,
     leaf_pos: Option<u32>,
     merkle_path: Option<[pallas::Base; 32]>,
     sig_secret: Option<pallas::Scalar>,
@@ -290,7 +298,7 @@ impl Circuit<pallas::Base> for BurnCircuit {
         // =========
         // Nullifier
         // =========
-        let hashed_secret_key = self.load_private(
+        let secret_key = self.load_private(
             layouter.namespace(|| "load sinsemilla(secret key)"),
             config.advices[0],
             self.secret_key,
@@ -302,7 +310,7 @@ impl Circuit<pallas::Base> for BurnCircuit {
             self.serial,
         )?;
 
-        let message = [hashed_secret_key, serial];
+        let message = [secret_key, serial];
         let hash = {
             let poseidon_message = layouter.assign_region(
                 || "load message",
@@ -341,14 +349,117 @@ impl Circuit<pallas::Base> for BurnCircuit {
 
         layouter.constrain_instance(hash.cell(), config.primary, BURN_NULLIFIER_OFFSET)?;
 
+        // let nullifier_k = FixedPointBaseField::from_inner(ecc_chip.clone(), NullifierK);
+        //     nullifier_k.mul(
+        //         layouter.namespace(|| "[poseidon_output + psi_old] NullifierK"),
+        //         scalar,
+        //     )?
+
+        let value = self.load_private(
+            layouter.namespace(|| "load value"),
+            config.advices[0],
+            self.value,
+        )?;
+
+        let asset = self.load_private(
+            layouter.namespace(|| "load asset"),
+            config.advices[0],
+            self.asset,
+        )?;
+
+        let coin_blind = self.load_private(
+            layouter.namespace(|| "load coin_blind"),
+            config.advices[0],
+            self.coin_blind,
+        )?;
+
+        let public_key = {
+            let nullifier_k = OrchardFixedBases::NullifierK;
+            let nullifier_k = FixedPoint::from_inner(ecc_chip.clone(), nullifier_k);
+            nullifier_k.mul_base_field(layouter.namespace(|| "[x_s] Nullifier"), secret_key)?
+        };
+
+        let (pub_x, pub_y) = (public_key.inner().x(), public_key.inner().y());
+
+        // =========
+        // Coin hash
+        // =========
+        let messages = [[pub_x, pub_y], [value, asset], [serial, coin_blind]];
+        let mut hashes = vec![];
+
+        for message in messages.iter() {
+            let hash = {
+                let poseidon_message = layouter.assign_region(
+                    || "load message",
+                    |mut region| {
+                        let mut message_word = |i: usize| {
+                            let value = message[i].value();
+                            let var = region.assign_advice(
+                                || format!("load message_{}", i),
+                                config.poseidon_config.state()[i],
+                                0,
+                                || value.ok_or(Error::SynthesisError),
+                            )?;
+                            region.constrain_equal(var, message[i].cell())?;
+                            Ok(Word::<_, _, P128Pow5T3, 3, 2>::from_inner(StateWord::new(
+                                var, value,
+                            )))
+                        };
+                        Ok([message_word(0)?, message_word(1)?])
+                    },
+                )?;
+
+                let poseidon_hasher = PoseidonHash::init(
+                    config.poseidon_chip(),
+                    layouter.namespace(|| "Poseidon init"),
+                    ConstantLength::<2>,
+                )?;
+
+                let poseidon_output = poseidon_hasher.hash(
+                    layouter.namespace(|| "Poseidon hash (a, b)"),
+                    poseidon_message,
+                )?;
+
+                let poseidon_output: CellValue<pallas::Base> = poseidon_output.inner().into();
+                poseidon_output
+            };
+
+            hashes.push(hash);
+        }
+
+        let coin = layouter.assign_region(
+            || " `coin` = hash(a,b) + hash(c, d) + hash(e, f)",
+            |mut region| {
+                config.q_add.enable(&mut region, 0)?;
+
+                copy(&mut region, || "copy ab", config.advices[6], 0, &hashes[0])?;
+                copy(&mut region, || "copy cd", config.advices[7], 0, &hashes[1])?;
+                copy(&mut region, || "copy ef", config.advices[8], 0, &hashes[2])?;
+
+                let scalar_val = hashes[0]
+                    .value()
+                    .zip(hashes[1].value())
+                    .zip(hashes[2].value())
+                    .map(|(abcd, ef)| abcd.0 + abcd.1 + ef);
+
+                let cell = region.assign_advice(
+                    || "hash(a,b)+hash(c,d)+hash(e,f)",
+                    config.advices[5],
+                    0,
+                    || scalar_val.ok_or(Error::SynthesisError),
+                )?;
+                Ok(CellValue::new(cell, scalar_val))
+            },
+        )?;
+
         // ===========
         // Merkle root
         // ===========
-        let leaf = self.load_private(
-            layouter.namespace(|| "load leaf"),
-            config.advices[0],
-            self.leaf,
-        )?;
+        //let leaf = self.load_private(
+        //    layouter.namespace(|| "load leaf"),
+        //    config.advices[0],
+        //    self.leaf,
+        //)?;
 
         let path = MerklePath {
             chip_1: merkle_chip_1,
@@ -359,7 +470,7 @@ impl Circuit<pallas::Base> for BurnCircuit {
         };
 
         let computed_final_root =
-            path.calculate_root(layouter.namespace(|| "calculate root"), leaf)?;
+            path.calculate_root(layouter.namespace(|| "calculate root"), coin)?;
 
         layouter.constrain_instance(
             computed_final_root.cell(),
@@ -502,11 +613,15 @@ fn root(path: [pallas::Base; 32], leaf_pos: u32, leaf: pallas::Base) -> pallas::
     node
 }
 
+fn mod_r_p(x: pallas::Base) -> pallas::Scalar {
+    pallas::Scalar::from_repr(x.to_repr()).unwrap()
+}
+
 fn main() {
     // The number of rows in our circuit cannot exceed 2^k
     let k: u32 = 11;
 
-    let secret_key = pallas::Scalar::random(&mut OsRng);
+    let secret = pallas::Base::random(&mut OsRng);
     let serial = pallas::Base::random(&mut OsRng);
 
     let value = 42;
@@ -514,15 +629,15 @@ fn main() {
 
     // Nullifier = poseidon(sinsemilla(secret_key), serial)
     let domain = primitives::sinsemilla::HashDomain::new(S_PERSONALIZATION);
-    let bits_secretkey: Vec<bool> = secret_key.to_le_bits().iter().by_val().collect();
-    let hashed_secret_key = domain.hash(iter::empty().chain(bits_secretkey)).unwrap();
+    //let bits_secretkey: Vec<bool> = secret_key.to_le_bits().iter().by_val().collect();
+    //let hashed_secret_key = domain.hash(iter::empty().chain(bits_secretkey)).unwrap();
 
-    let nullifier = [hashed_secret_key, serial];
+    let nullifier = [secret, serial];
     let nullifier =
         primitives::poseidon::Hash::init(P128Pow5T3, ConstantLength::<2>).hash(nullifier);
 
     // Public key derivation
-    let public_key = OrchardFixedBases::SpendAuthG.generator() * secret_key;
+    let public_key = OrchardFixedBases::NullifierK.generator() * mod_r_p(secret);
     let coords = public_key.to_affine().coordinates().unwrap();
 
     // Construct Coin
@@ -539,17 +654,31 @@ fn main() {
         coin += hash;
     }
 
+    let mut tree = BridgeTree::<MerkleNode, 32>::new(100);
+    for _ in 0..10 {
+        let random_node = MerkleNode(pallas::Base::random(&mut OsRng));
+        tree.append(&random_node);
+    }
+    let node = MerkleNode(coin.clone());
+    tree.append(&node);
+    tree.witness();
+    for _ in 0..10 {
+        let random_node = MerkleNode(pallas::Base::random(&mut OsRng));
+        tree.append(&random_node);
+    }
+
+    let (merkle_position, merkle_path) = tree.authentication_path(&node).unwrap();
+
     // Merkle root
-    let leaf = pallas::Base::random(&mut OsRng);
-    let pos = rand::random::<u32>();
-    let path: Vec<_> = (0..32).map(|_| pallas::Base::random(&mut OsRng)).collect();
-    let merkle_root = root(path.clone().try_into().unwrap(), pos, leaf);
+    let pos: u64 = merkle_position.into();
+    let path: Vec<pallas::Base> = merkle_path.iter().map(|node| node.0).collect();
+    let merkle_root = tree.root().0;
 
     // Value and asset commitments
     let value_blind = pallas::Scalar::random(&mut OsRng);
     let asset_blind = pallas::Scalar::random(&mut OsRng);
-    let value_commit = pedersen_commitment(value, value_blind);
-    let asset_commit = pedersen_commitment(asset, asset_blind);
+    let value_commit = pedersen_commitment_u64(value, value_blind);
+    let asset_commit = pedersen_commitment_u64(asset, asset_blind);
 
     let value_coords = value_commit.to_affine().coordinates().unwrap();
     let asset_coords = asset_commit.to_affine().coordinates().unwrap();
@@ -571,15 +700,14 @@ fn main() {
     ];
 
     let circuit = BurnCircuit {
-        secret_key: Some(hashed_secret_key),
+        secret_key: Some(secret),
         serial: Some(serial),
         value: Some(pallas::Base::from(value)),
         asset: Some(pallas::Base::from(asset)),
         coin_blind: Some(coin_blind),
         value_blind: Some(value_blind),
         asset_blind: Some(asset_blind),
-        leaf: Some(leaf),
-        leaf_pos: Some(pos),
+        leaf_pos: Some(pos as u32),
         merkle_path: Some(path.try_into().unwrap()),
         sig_secret: Some(sig_secret),
     };

src/bin/darkfid.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 use async_std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};
 use std::collections::HashMap;
-use std::convert::TryInto;
 use std::path::PathBuf;
 use std::str::FromStr;
 

src/bin/mint.rs

@@ -1,89 +1,515 @@
-use drk::{Decodable, ZkContract};
-use std::fs::File;
 use std::time::Instant;
 
-use bls12_381::Scalar;
-use ff::{Field, PrimeField};
-use group::{Curve, Group};
+use halo2::{
+    circuit::{Layouter, SimpleFloorPlanner},
+    dev::MockProver,
+    plonk::{
+        Advice, Circuit, Column, ConstraintSystem, Error, Instance as InstanceColumn, Selector,
+    },
+    poly::Rotation,
+};
+use halo2_gadgets::{
+    ecc::{
+        chip::{EccChip, EccConfig},
+        FixedPoint,
+    },
+    poseidon::{
+        Hash as PoseidonHash, Pow5T3Chip as PoseidonChip, Pow5T3Config as PoseidonConfig,
+        StateWord, Word,
+    },
+    primitives,
+    primitives::poseidon::{ConstantLength, P128Pow5T3},
+    sinsemilla::{
+        chip::{SinsemillaChip, SinsemillaConfig},
+        merkle::chip::{MerkleChip, MerkleConfig},
+        merkle::MerklePath,
+    },
+    utilities::{
+        copy, lookup_range_check::LookupRangeCheckConfig, CellValue, UtilitiesInstructions, Var,
+    },
+};
+use pasta_curves::{
+    arithmetic::{CurveAffine, Field},
+    group::{Curve, Group},
+    pallas,
+};
 use rand::rngs::OsRng;
 
-//type Result<T> = std::result::Result<T, failure::Error>;
-use drk::Result;
-
-// Unpack a value (such as jubjub::Fr) into 256 Scalar binary digits
-fn unpack<F: PrimeField>(value: F) -> Vec<Scalar> {
-    let mut bits = Vec::new();
-    print!("Unpack: ");
-    for (_i, bit) in value.to_le_bits().into_iter().cloned().enumerate() {
-        match bit {
-            true => bits.push(Scalar::one()),
-            false => bits.push(Scalar::zero()),
-        }
-        print!("{}", if bit { 1 } else { 0 });
-    }
-    println!();
-    bits
+use drk::crypto::{
+    constants::{
+        sinsemilla::{OrchardCommitDomains, OrchardHashDomains, MERKLE_CRH_PERSONALIZATION},
+        OrchardFixedBases,
+    },
+    proof::{Proof, ProvingKey, VerifyingKey},
+    util::{pedersen_commitment_scalar, pedersen_commitment_u64},
+};
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
+struct MintConfig {
+    primary: Column<InstanceColumn>,
+    q_add: Selector,
+    advices: [Column<Advice>; 10],
+    ecc_config: EccConfig,
+    merkle_config_1: MerkleConfig<OrchardHashDomains, OrchardCommitDomains, OrchardFixedBases>,
+    merkle_config_2: MerkleConfig<OrchardHashDomains, OrchardCommitDomains, OrchardFixedBases>,
+    sinsemilla_config_1:
+        SinsemillaConfig<OrchardHashDomains, OrchardCommitDomains, OrchardFixedBases>,
+    sinsemilla_config_2:
+        SinsemillaConfig<OrchardHashDomains, OrchardCommitDomains, OrchardFixedBases>,
+    poseidon_config: PoseidonConfig<pallas::Base>,
 }
 
-// Unpack a u64 value in 64 Scalar binary digits
-fn _unpack_u64(value: u64) -> Vec<Scalar> {
-    let mut result = Vec::with_capacity(64);
+impl MintConfig {
+    fn ecc_chip(&self) -> EccChip<OrchardFixedBases> {
+        EccChip::construct(self.ecc_config.clone())
+    }
 
-    for i in 0..64 {
-        if (value >> i) & 1 == 1 {
-            result.push(Scalar::one());
-        } else {
-            result.push(Scalar::zero());
-        }
+    fn poseidon_chip(&self) -> PoseidonChip<pallas::Base> {
+        PoseidonChip::construct(self.poseidon_config.clone())
     }
+}
+
+// The public input array offsets
+const MINT_COIN_OFFSET: usize = 0;
+const MINT_VALCOMX_OFFSET: usize = 1;
+const MINT_VALCOMY_OFFSET: usize = 2;
+const MINT_ASSCOMX_OFFSET: usize = 3;
+const MINT_ASSCOMY_OFFSET: usize = 4;
 
-    result
+#[derive(Default, Debug)]
+struct MintCircuit {
+    pub_x: Option<pallas::Base>,         // x coordinate for pubkey
+    pub_y: Option<pallas::Base>,         // y coordinate for pubkey
+    value: Option<pallas::Base>,         // The value of this coin
+    asset: Option<pallas::Base>,         // The asset ID
+    serial: Option<pallas::Base>,        // Unique serial number corresponding to this coin
+    coin_blind: Option<pallas::Base>,    // Random blinding factor for coin
+    value_blind: Option<pallas::Scalar>, // Random blinding factor for value commitment
+    asset_blind: Option<pallas::Scalar>, // Random blinding factor for the asset ID
 }
 
-fn main() -> Result<()> {
-    let start = Instant::now();
-    let file = File::open("mint.zcd")?;
-    let mut visor = ZkContract::decode(file)?;
-    println!("{}", visor.name);
-    //ZkContract::load_contract(bytes);
-    println!("Loaded contract: [{:?}]", start.elapsed());
-
-    println!("Stats:");
-    println!("    Constants: {}", visor.vm.constants.len());
-    println!("    Alloc: {}", visor.vm.alloc.len());
-    println!("    Operations: {}", visor.vm.ops.len());
-    println!(
-        "    Constraint Instructions: {}",
-        visor.vm.constraints.len()
-    );
-
-    visor.setup("mint.zts")?;
-
-    // We use the ExtendedPoint in calculations because it's faster
-    let public_point = jubjub::ExtendedPoint::from(jubjub::SubgroupPoint::random(&mut OsRng));
-    // But to serialize we need to convert to affine (which has the (u, v) values)
-    let public_affine = public_point.to_affine();
-
-    let randomness_value: jubjub::Fr = jubjub::Fr::random(&mut OsRng);
-
-    for param in visor.param_names() {
-        println!("Param name: {}", param);
+impl UtilitiesInstructions<pallas::Base> for MintCircuit {
+    type Var = CellValue<pallas::Base>;
+}
+
+impl Circuit<pallas::Base> for MintCircuit {
+    type Config = MintConfig;
+    type FloorPlanner = SimpleFloorPlanner;
+
+    fn without_witnesses(&self) -> Self {
+        Self::default()
     }
 
-    visor.set_param("public_u", public_affine.get_u())?;
-    visor.set_param("public_v", public_affine.get_v())?;
-    for (i, param_bit) in unpack(randomness_value).into_iter().enumerate() {
-        visor.set_param(&format!("vc_randomness_{}", i), param_bit)?;
+    fn configure(meta: &mut ConstraintSystem<pallas::Base>) -> Self::Config {
+        // Advice columns used in the circuit
+        let advices = [
+            meta.advice_column(),
+            meta.advice_column(),
+            meta.advice_column(),
+            meta.advice_column(),
+            meta.advice_column(),
+            meta.advice_column(),
+            meta.advice_column(),
+            meta.advice_column(),
+            meta.advice_column(),
+            meta.advice_column(),
+        ];
+
+        // Addition of two field elements
+        /*
+        let q_add = meta.selector();
+        meta.create_gate("poseidon_hash(a, b) + c", |meta| {
+            let q_add = meta.query_selector(q_add);
+            let sum = meta.query_advice(advices[6], Rotation::cur());
+            let hash = meta.query_advice(advices[7], Rotation::cur());
+            let c = meta.query_advice(advices[8], Rotation::cur());
+
+            vec![q_add * (hash + c - sum)]
+        });
+        */
+        let q_add = meta.selector();
+        meta.create_gate("a+b+c", |meta| {
+            let q_add = meta.query_selector(q_add);
+            let sum = meta.query_advice(advices[5], Rotation::cur());
+            let a = meta.query_advice(advices[6], Rotation::cur());
+            let b = meta.query_advice(advices[7], Rotation::cur());
+            let c = meta.query_advice(advices[8], Rotation::cur());
+
+            vec![q_add * (a + b + c - sum)]
+        });
+
+        // Fixed columns for the Sinsemilla generator lookup table
+        let table_idx = meta.lookup_table_column();
+        let lookup = (
+            table_idx,
+            meta.lookup_table_column(),
+            meta.lookup_table_column(),
+        );
+
+        // Instance column used for public inputs
+        let primary = meta.instance_column();
+        meta.enable_equality(primary.into());
+
+        // Permutation over all advice columns
+        for advice in advices.iter() {
+            meta.enable_equality((*advice).into());
+        }
+
+        // Poseidon requires four advice columns, while ECC incomplete addition
+        // requires six. We can reduce the proof size by sharing fixed columns
+        // between the ECC and Poseidon chips.
+        // TODO: For multiple invocations they could/should be configured in
+        // parallel rather than sharing perhaps?
+        let lagrange_coeffs = [
+            meta.fixed_column(),
+            meta.fixed_column(),
+            meta.fixed_column(),
+            meta.fixed_column(),
+            meta.fixed_column(),
+            meta.fixed_column(),
+            meta.fixed_column(),
+            meta.fixed_column(),
+        ];
+        let rc_a = lagrange_coeffs[2..5].try_into().unwrap();
+        let rc_b = lagrange_coeffs[5..8].try_into().unwrap();
+
+        // Also use the first Lagrange coefficient column for loading global constants.
+        meta.enable_constant(lagrange_coeffs[0]);
+
+        // Use one of the right-most advice columns for all of our range checks.
+        let range_check = LookupRangeCheckConfig::configure(meta, advices[9], table_idx);
+
+        // Configuration for curve point operations.
+        // This uses 10 advice columns and spans the whole circuit.
+        let ecc_config = EccChip::<OrchardFixedBases>::configure(
+            meta,
+            advices,
+            lagrange_coeffs,
+            range_check.clone(),
+        );
+
+        // Configuration for the Poseidon hash
+        let poseidon_config = PoseidonChip::configure(
+            meta,
+            P128Pow5T3,
+            advices[6..9].try_into().unwrap(),
+            advices[5],
+            rc_a,
+            rc_b,
+        );
+
+        // Configuration for a Sinsemilla hash instantiation and a
+        // Merkle hash instantiation using this Sinsemilla instance.
+        // Since the Sinsemilla config uses only 5 advice columns,
+        // we can fit two instances side-by-side.
+        let (sinsemilla_config_1, merkle_config_1) = {
+            let sinsemilla_config_1 = SinsemillaChip::configure(
+                meta,
+                advices[..5].try_into().unwrap(),
+                advices[6],
+                lagrange_coeffs[0],
+                lookup,
+                range_check.clone(),
+            );
+            let merkle_config_1 = MerkleChip::configure(meta, sinsemilla_config_1.clone());
+            (sinsemilla_config_1, merkle_config_1)
+        };
+
+        // Configuration for a Sinsemilla hash instantiation and a
+        // Merkle hash instantiation using this Sinsemilla instance.
+        // Since the Sinsemilla config uses only 5 advice columns,
+        // we can fit two instances side-by-side.
+        let (sinsemilla_config_2, merkle_config_2) = {
+            let sinsemilla_config_2 = SinsemillaChip::configure(
+                meta,
+                advices[5..].try_into().unwrap(),
+                advices[7],
+                lagrange_coeffs[1],
+                lookup,
+                range_check,
+            );
+            let merkle_config_2 = MerkleChip::configure(meta, sinsemilla_config_2.clone());
+
+            (sinsemilla_config_2, merkle_config_2)
+        };
+
+        MintConfig {
+            primary,
+            q_add,
+            advices,
+            ecc_config,
+            merkle_config_1,
+            merkle_config_2,
+            sinsemilla_config_1,
+            sinsemilla_config_2,
+            poseidon_config,
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn synthesize(
+        &self,
+        config: Self::Config,
+        mut layouter: impl Layouter<pallas::Base>,
+    ) -> Result<(), Error> {
+        // Load the Sinsemilla generator lookup table used by the whole circuit.
+        SinsemillaChip::load(config.sinsemilla_config_1.clone(), &mut layouter)?;
+
+        let ecc_chip = config.ecc_chip();
+
+        let pub_x = self.load_private(
+            layouter.namespace(|| "load pubkey x"),
+            config.advices[0],
+            self.pub_x,
+        )?;
+
+        let pub_y = self.load_private(
+            layouter.namespace(|| "load pubkey y"),
+            config.advices[0],
+            self.pub_y,
+        )?;
+
+        let value = self.load_private(
+            layouter.namespace(|| "load value"),
+            config.advices[0],
+            self.value,
+        )?;
+
+        let asset = self.load_private(
+            layouter.namespace(|| "load asset"),
+            config.advices[0],
+            self.asset,
+        )?;
+
+        let serial = self.load_private(
+            layouter.namespace(|| "load serial"),
+            config.advices[0],
+            self.serial,
+        )?;
+
+        let coin_blind = self.load_private(
+            layouter.namespace(|| "load coin_blind"),
+            config.advices[0],
+            self.coin_blind,
+        )?;
+
+        // =========
+        // Coin hash
+        // =========
+        let messages = [[pub_x, pub_y], [value, asset], [serial, coin_blind]];
+        let mut hashes = vec![];
+
+        for message in messages.iter() {
+            let hash = {
+                let poseidon_message = layouter.assign_region(
+                    || "load message",
+                    |mut region| {
+                        let mut message_word = |i: usize| {
+                            let value = message[i].value();
+                            let var = region.assign_advice(
+                                || format!("load message_{}", i),
+                                config.poseidon_config.state()[i],
+                                0,
+                                || value.ok_or(Error::SynthesisError),
+                            )?;
+                            region.constrain_equal(var, message[i].cell())?;
+                            Ok(Word::<_, _, P128Pow5T3, 3, 2>::from_inner(StateWord::new(
+                                var, value,
+                            )))
+                        };
+                        Ok([message_word(0)?, message_word(1)?])
+                    },
+                )?;
+
+                let poseidon_hasher = PoseidonHash::init(
+                    config.poseidon_chip(),
+                    layouter.namespace(|| "Poseidon init"),
+                    ConstantLength::<2>,
+                )?;
+
+                let poseidon_output = poseidon_hasher.hash(
+                    layouter.namespace(|| "Poseidon hash (a, b)"),
+                    poseidon_message,
+                )?;
+
+                let poseidon_output: CellValue<pallas::Base> = poseidon_output.inner().into();
+                poseidon_output
+            };
+
+            hashes.push(hash);
+        }
+
+        let coin = layouter.assign_region(
+            || " `coin` = hash(a,b) + hash(c, d) + hash(e, f)",
+            |mut region| {
+                config.q_add.enable(&mut region, 0)?;
+
+                copy(&mut region, || "copy ab", config.advices[6], 0, &hashes[0])?;
+                copy(&mut region, || "copy cd", config.advices[7], 0, &hashes[1])?;
+                copy(&mut region, || "copy ef", config.advices[8], 0, &hashes[2])?;
+
+                let scalar_val = hashes[0]
+                    .value()
+                    .zip(hashes[1].value())
+                    .zip(hashes[2].value())
+                    .map(|(abcd, ef)| abcd.0 + abcd.1 + ef);
+
+                let cell = region.assign_advice(
+                    || "hash(a,b)+hash(c,d)+hash(e,f)",
+                    config.advices[5],
+                    0,
+                    || scalar_val.ok_or(Error::SynthesisError),
+                )?;
+                Ok(CellValue::new(cell, scalar_val))
+            },
+        )?;
+
+        // Constrain the coin C
+        layouter.constrain_instance(coin.cell(), config.primary, MINT_COIN_OFFSET)?;
+
+        // ================
+        // Value commitment
+        // ================
+
+        // This constant one is used for short multiplication
+        let one = self.load_private(
+            layouter.namespace(|| "load constant one"),
+            config.advices[0],
+            Some(pallas::Base::one()),
+        )?;
+
+        // v * G_1
+        let (commitment, _) = {
+            let value_commit_v = OrchardFixedBases::ValueCommitV;
+            let value_commit_v = FixedPoint::from_inner(ecc_chip.clone(), value_commit_v);
+            value_commit_v.mul_short(layouter.namespace(|| "[value] ValueCommitV"), (value, one))?
+        };
+
+        // r_V * G_2
+        let (blind, _rcv) = {
+            let rcv = self.value_blind;
+            let value_commit_r = OrchardFixedBases::ValueCommitR;
+            let value_commit_r = FixedPoint::from_inner(ecc_chip.clone(), value_commit_r);
+            value_commit_r.mul(layouter.namespace(|| "[value_blind] ValueCommitR"), rcv)?
+        };
+
+        // Constrain the value commitment coordinates
+        let value_commit = commitment.add(layouter.namespace(|| "valuecommit"), &blind)?;
+        layouter.constrain_instance(
+            value_commit.inner().x().cell(),
+            config.primary,
+            MINT_VALCOMX_OFFSET,
+        )?;
+        layouter.constrain_instance(
+            value_commit.inner().y().cell(),
+            config.primary,
+            MINT_VALCOMY_OFFSET,
+        )?;
+
+        // ================
+        // Asset commitment
+        // ================
+        // a * G_1
+        let (commitment, _) = {
+            let asset_commit_v = OrchardFixedBases::ValueCommitV;
+            let asset_commit_v = FixedPoint::from_inner(ecc_chip.clone(), asset_commit_v);
+            asset_commit_v.mul_short(layouter.namespace(|| "[asset] ValueCommitV"), (asset, one))?
+        };
+
+        // r_A * G_2
+        let (blind, _rca) = {
+            let rca = self.asset_blind;
+            let asset_commit_r = OrchardFixedBases::ValueCommitR;
+            let asset_commit_r = FixedPoint::from_inner(ecc_chip, asset_commit_r);
+            asset_commit_r.mul(layouter.namespace(|| "[asset_blind] ValueCommitR"), rca)?
+        };
+
+        // Constrain the asset commitment coordinates
+        let asset_commit = commitment.add(layouter.namespace(|| "assetcommit"), &blind)?;
+        layouter.constrain_instance(
+            asset_commit.inner().x().cell(),
+            config.primary,
+            MINT_ASSCOMX_OFFSET,
+        )?;
+        layouter.constrain_instance(
+            asset_commit.inner().y().cell(),
+            config.primary,
+            MINT_ASSCOMY_OFFSET,
+        )?;
+
+        // At this point we've enforced all of our public inputs.
+        Ok(())
     }
+}
+
+fn main() {
+    // The number of rows in our circuit cannot exceed 2^k
+    let k: u32 = 11;
+
+    let pubkey = pallas::Point::random(&mut OsRng);
+    let coords = pubkey.to_affine().coordinates().unwrap();
+
+    let value = 42;
+    let asset = 1;
+
+    let value_blind = pallas::Scalar::random(&mut OsRng);
+    let asset_blind = pallas::Scalar::random(&mut OsRng);
+
+    let serial = pallas::Base::random(&mut OsRng);
+    let coin_blind = pallas::Base::random(&mut OsRng);
+
+    // poseidon_hash(x, y) + poseidon_hash(value, asset) + poseidon_hash(serial, coin_blind)
+    let mut coin = pallas::Base::zero();
 
-    let proof = visor.prove()?;
+    let messages = [
+        [*coords.x(), *coords.y()],
+        [pallas::Base::from(value), pallas::Base::from(asset)],
+        [serial, coin_blind],
+    ];
 
-    assert_eq!(proof.public.len(), 2);
-    for (name, value) in &proof.public {
-        println!("Public {} = {:?}", name, value);
+    for msg in messages.iter() {
+        let hash = primitives::poseidon::Hash::init(P128Pow5T3, ConstantLength::<2>).hash(*msg);
+        coin += hash;
     }
 
-    assert!(visor.verify(&proof));
+    let value_commit = pedersen_commitment_u64(value, value_blind);
+    let value_coords = value_commit.to_affine().coordinates().unwrap();
 
-    Ok(())
+    let asset_commit = pedersen_commitment_u64(asset, asset_blind);
+    let asset_coords = asset_commit.to_affine().coordinates().unwrap();
+
+    let public_inputs = vec![
+        coin,
+        *value_coords.x(),
+        *value_coords.y(),
+        *asset_coords.x(),
+        *asset_coords.y(),
+    ];
+
+    let circuit = MintCircuit {
+        pub_x: Some(*coords.x()),
+        pub_y: Some(*coords.y()),
+        value: Some(pallas::Base::from(value)),
+        asset: Some(pallas::Base::from(asset)),
+        serial: Some(serial),
+        coin_blind: Some(coin_blind),
+        value_blind: Some(value_blind),
+        asset_blind: Some(asset_blind),
+    };
+
+    let prover = MockProver::run(k, &circuit, vec![public_inputs.clone()]).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(prover.verify(), Ok(()));
+
+    // Actual ZK proof
+    let start = Instant::now();
+    let vk = VerifyingKey::build(k, MintCircuit::default());
+    let pk = ProvingKey::build(k, MintCircuit::default());
+    println!("Setup: [{:?}]", start.elapsed());
+
+    let start = Instant::now();
+    let proof = Proof::create(&pk, &[circuit], &public_inputs).unwrap();
+    println!("Prove: [{:?}]", start.elapsed());
+
+    let start = Instant::now();
+    assert!(proof.verify(&vk, &public_inputs).is_ok());
+    println!("Verify: [{:?}]", start.elapsed());
 }

src/bin/tx2.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,180 @@
+use rand::rngs::OsRng;
+use std::{fmt, time::Instant};
+
+use halo2_gadgets::ecc::FixedPoints;
+use incrementalmerkletree::Hashable;
+use incrementalmerkletree::{bridgetree::BridgeTree, Frontier, Tree};
+use pasta_curves::{
+    arithmetic::{CurveAffine, Field, FieldExt},
+    pallas,
+};
+
+use drk::{
+    circuit::{mint_contract::MintContract, spend_contract::SpendContract},
+    crypto::{
+        coin::Coin,
+        constants::OrchardFixedBases,
+        merkle_node2::MerkleNode,
+        note::{EncryptedNote, Note},
+        nullifier::Nullifier,
+        proof::{Proof, ProvingKey, VerifyingKey},
+        schnorr,
+        util::mod_r_p,
+        util::{pedersen_commitment_scalar, pedersen_commitment_u64},
+    },
+    state::{state_transition, ProgramState, StateUpdate},
+    tx,
+};
+
+struct MemoryState {
+    // The entire merkle tree state
+    tree: BridgeTree<MerkleNode, 32>,
+    // List of all previous and the current merkle roots
+    // This is the hashed value of all the children.
+    merkle_roots: Vec<MerkleNode>,
+    // Nullifiers prevent double spending
+    nullifiers: Vec<Nullifier>,
+    // All received coins
+    // NOTE: we need maybe a flag to keep track of which ones are spent
+    // Maybe the spend field links to a tx hash:input index
+    // We should also keep track of the tx hash:output index where this
+    // coin was received
+    own_coins: Vec<(Coin, Note)>,
+    mint_vk: VerifyingKey,
+    spend_vk: VerifyingKey,
+
+    // Public key of the cashier
+    cashier_public: schnorr::PublicKey,
+    // List of all our secret keys
+    secrets: Vec<pallas::Base>,
+}
+
+impl ProgramState for MemoryState {
+    fn is_valid_cashier_public_key(&self, public: &schnorr::PublicKey) -> bool {
+        public == &self.cashier_public
+    }
+    fn is_valid_merkle(&self, merkle_root: &MerkleNode) -> bool {
+        self.merkle_roots.iter().any(|m| m == merkle_root)
+    }
+    fn nullifier_exists(&self, nullifier: &Nullifier) -> bool {
+        self.nullifiers.iter().any(|n| n == nullifier)
+    }
+
+    fn mint_vk(&self) -> &VerifyingKey {
+        &self.mint_vk
+    }
+    fn spend_vk(&self) -> &VerifyingKey {
+        &self.spend_vk
+    }
+}
+
+impl MemoryState {
+    fn apply(&mut self, mut update: StateUpdate) {
+        // Extend our list of nullifiers with the ones from the update
+        self.nullifiers.append(&mut update.nullifiers);
+
+        // Update merkle tree and witnesses
+        for (coin, enc_note) in update.coins.into_iter().zip(update.enc_notes.into_iter()) {
+            // Add the new coins to the merkle tree
+            let node = MerkleNode(coin.0);
+            self.tree.append(&node);
+
+            //// Keep track of all merkle roots that have existed
+            self.merkle_roots.push(self.tree.root());
+
+            if let Some((note, secret)) = self.try_decrypt_note(enc_note) {
+                self.own_coins.push((coin, note));
+                self.tree.witness();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn try_decrypt_note(&self, ciphertext: EncryptedNote) -> Option<(Note, pallas::Base)> {
+        // Loop through all our secret keys...
+        for secret in &self.secrets {
+            // ... attempt to decrypt the note ...
+            if let Ok(note) = ciphertext.decrypt(secret) {
+                // ... and return the decrypted note for this coin.
+                return Some((note, *secret));
+            }
+        }
+        // We weren't able to decrypt the note with any of our keys.
+        None
+    }
+}
+
+fn main() -> std::result::Result<(), failure::Error> {
+    let cashier_secret = schnorr::SecretKey::random();
+    let cashier_public = cashier_secret.public_key();
+
+    let secret = pallas::Base::random(&mut OsRng);
+    let public = OrchardFixedBases::NullifierK.generator() * mod_r_p(secret);
+
+    const K: u32 = 11;
+    let mint_vk = VerifyingKey::build(K, MintContract::default());
+    let spend_vk = VerifyingKey::build(K, SpendContract::default());
+
+    let mut state = MemoryState {
+        tree: BridgeTree::<MerkleNode, 32>::new(100),
+        merkle_roots: vec![],
+        nullifiers: vec![],
+        own_coins: vec![],
+        mint_vk,
+        spend_vk,
+        cashier_public,
+        secrets: vec![secret],
+    };
+
+    let token_id = pallas::Base::from(110);
+
+    let builder = tx::TransactionBuilder {
+        clear_inputs: vec![tx::TransactionBuilderClearInputInfo {
+            value: 110,
+            token_id,
+            signature_secret: cashier_secret,
+        }],
+        inputs: vec![],
+        outputs: vec![tx::TransactionBuilderOutputInfo {
+            value: 110,
+            token_id,
+            public,
+        }],
+    };
+
+    let tx = builder.build()?;
+
+    tx.verify(&state.mint_vk, &state.spend_vk)
+        .expect("tx verify");
+
+    let note = tx.outputs[0].enc_note.decrypt(&secret)?;
+
+    let update = state_transition(&state, tx)?;
+    state.apply(update);
+
+    // Now spend
+    let (coin, note) = &state.own_coins[0];
+    let node = MerkleNode(coin.0.clone());
+    let (leaf_position, merkle_path) = state.tree.authentication_path(&node).unwrap();
+
+    let builder = tx::TransactionBuilder {
+        clear_inputs: vec![],
+        inputs: vec![tx::TransactionBuilderInputInfo {
+            leaf_position,
+            merkle_path,
+            secret,
+            note: note.clone(),
+        }],
+        outputs: vec![tx::TransactionBuilderOutputInfo {
+            value: 110,
+            token_id,
+            public,
+        }],
+    };
+
+    let tx = builder.build()?;
+
+    let update = state_transition(&state, tx)?;
+    state.apply(update);
+
+    Ok(())
+}

src/bin/vm2.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+use halo2::{
+    circuit::{Layouter, SimpleFloorPlanner},
+    dev::MockProver,
+    plonk::{
+        Advice, Circuit, Column, ConstraintSystem, Error, Instance as InstanceColumn, Selector,
+    },
+    poly::Rotation,
+};
+use halo2_gadgets::{
+    ecc::{
+        chip::{EccChip, EccConfig},
+        FixedPoint, FixedPoints,
+    },
+    poseidon::{
+        Hash as PoseidonHash, Pow5T3Chip as PoseidonChip, Pow5T3Config as PoseidonConfig,
+        StateWord, Word,
+    },
+    primitives,
+    primitives::{
+        poseidon::{ConstantLength, P128Pow5T3},
+        sinsemilla::S_PERSONALIZATION,
+    },
+    sinsemilla::{
+        chip::{SinsemillaChip, SinsemillaConfig},
+        merkle::chip::{MerkleChip, MerkleConfig},
+        merkle::MerklePath,
+    },
+    utilities::{
+        lookup_range_check::LookupRangeCheckConfig, CellValue, UtilitiesInstructions, Var,
+    },
+};
+use pasta_curves::{
+    arithmetic::{CurveAffine, Field},
+    group::{ff::PrimeFieldBits, Curve, Group},
+    pallas,
+};
+use rand::rngs::OsRng;
+use std::{collections::HashMap, fs::File, time::Instant};
+
+use drk::{
+    crypto::{
+        constants::{
+            sinsemilla::{OrchardCommitDomains, OrchardHashDomains, MERKLE_CRH_PERSONALIZATION},
+            OrchardFixedBases,
+        },
+        proof::{Proof, ProvingKey, VerifyingKey},
+        util::{pedersen_commitment_scalar, pedersen_commitment_u64},
+    },
+    serial::Decodable,
+    vm2,
+};
+
+fn main() -> std::result::Result<(), failure::Error> {
+    // The number of rows in our circuit cannot exceed 2^k
+    let k: u32 = 11;
+
+    let start = Instant::now();
+    let file = File::open("proof/mint.zk.bin")?;
+    let zkbin = vm2::ZkBinary::decode(file)?;
+    for contract_name in zkbin.contracts.keys() {
+        println!("Loaded '{}' contract.", contract_name);
+    }
+    println!("Load time: [{:?}]", start.elapsed());
+
+    let contract = &zkbin.contracts["Mint"];
+
+    //contract.witness_base(...);
+    //contract.witness_base(...);
+    //contract.witness_base(...);
+
+    let pubkey = pallas::Point::random(&mut OsRng);
+    let coords = pubkey.to_affine().coordinates().unwrap();
+
+    let value = 110;
+    let asset = 1;
+
+    let value_blind = pallas::Scalar::random(&mut OsRng);
+    let asset_blind = pallas::Scalar::random(&mut OsRng);
+
+    let serial = pallas::Base::random(&mut OsRng);
+    let coin_blind = pallas::Base::random(&mut OsRng);
+
+    let mut coin = pallas::Base::zero();
+
+    let messages = [
+        [*coords.x(), *coords.y()],
+        [pallas::Base::from(value), pallas::Base::from(asset)],
+        [serial, coin_blind],
+    ];
+
+    for msg in messages.iter() {
+        coin += primitives::poseidon::Hash::init(P128Pow5T3, ConstantLength::<2>).hash(*msg);
+    }
+
+    let coin2 = primitives::poseidon::Hash::init(P128Pow5T3, ConstantLength::<2>)
+        .hash([*coords.x(), *coords.y()]);
+
+    let value_commit = pedersen_commitment_u64(value, value_blind);
+    let value_coords = value_commit.to_affine().coordinates().unwrap();
+
+    let asset_commit = pedersen_commitment_u64(asset, asset_blind);
+    let asset_coords = asset_commit.to_affine().coordinates().unwrap();
+
+    let mut public_inputs = vec![
+        coin,
+        *value_coords.x(),
+        *value_coords.y(),
+        *asset_coords.x(),
+        *asset_coords.y(),
+    ];
+
+    let mut const_fixed_points = HashMap::new();
+    const_fixed_points.insert(
+        "VALUE_COMMIT_VALUE".to_string(),
+        OrchardFixedBases::ValueCommitV,
+    );
+    const_fixed_points.insert(
+        "VALUE_COMMIT_RANDOM".to_string(),
+        OrchardFixedBases::ValueCommitR,
+    );
+
+    let mut circuit = vm2::ZkCircuit::new(const_fixed_points, &zkbin.constants, contract);
+    let empty_circuit = circuit.clone();
+
+    circuit.witness_base("pub_x", *coords.x())?;
+    circuit.witness_base("pub_y", *coords.y())?;
+    circuit.witness_base("value", pallas::Base::from(value))?;
+    circuit.witness_base("asset", pallas::Base::from(asset))?;
+    circuit.witness_base("serial", serial)?;
+    circuit.witness_base("coin_blind", coin_blind)?;
+    circuit.witness_scalar("value_blind", value_blind)?;
+    circuit.witness_scalar("asset_blind", asset_blind)?;
+
+    // Valid MockProver
+    let prover = MockProver::run(k, &circuit, vec![public_inputs.clone()]).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(prover.verify(), Ok(()));
+
+    // Actual ZK proof
+    let start = Instant::now();
+    let vk = VerifyingKey::build(k, empty_circuit.clone());
+    let pk = ProvingKey::build(k, empty_circuit.clone());
+    println!("\nSetup: [{:?}]", start.elapsed());
+
+    let start = Instant::now();
+    let proof = Proof::create(&pk, &[circuit], &public_inputs).unwrap();
+    println!("Prove: [{:?}]", start.elapsed());
+
+    let start = Instant::now();
+    assert!(proof.verify(&vk, &public_inputs).is_ok());
+    println!("Verify: [{:?}]", start.elapsed());
+
+    Ok(())
+}

src/bin/vm2_burn.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,210 @@
+use std::iter;
+
+use halo2::{
+    circuit::{Layouter, SimpleFloorPlanner},
+    dev::MockProver,
+    plonk::{
+        Advice, Circuit, Column, ConstraintSystem, Error, Instance as InstanceColumn, Selector,
+    },
+    poly::Rotation,
+};
+use halo2_gadgets::{
+    ecc::{
+        chip::{EccChip, EccConfig},
+        FixedPoint, FixedPoints,
+    },
+    poseidon::{
+        Hash as PoseidonHash, Pow5T3Chip as PoseidonChip, Pow5T3Config as PoseidonConfig,
+        StateWord, Word,
+    },
+    primitives,
+    primitives::{
+        poseidon::{ConstantLength, P128Pow5T3},
+        sinsemilla::S_PERSONALIZATION,
+    },
+    sinsemilla::{
+        chip::{SinsemillaChip, SinsemillaConfig},
+        merkle::chip::{MerkleChip, MerkleConfig},
+        merkle::MerklePath,
+    },
+    utilities::{
+        lookup_range_check::LookupRangeCheckConfig, CellValue, UtilitiesInstructions, Var,
+    },
+};
+use pasta_curves::{
+    arithmetic::{CurveAffine, Field},
+    group::{ff::PrimeFieldBits, Curve, Group},
+    pallas,
+};
+use rand::rngs::OsRng;
+use std::{collections::HashMap, fs::File, time::Instant};
+
+use drk::{
+    crypto::{
+        constants::{
+            sinsemilla::{
+                i2lebsp, OrchardCommitDomains, OrchardHashDomains, MERKLE_CRH_PERSONALIZATION,
+            },
+            OrchardFixedBases,
+        },
+        proof::{Proof, ProvingKey, VerifyingKey},
+        util::{pedersen_commitment_scalar, pedersen_commitment_u64},
+    },
+    serial::Decodable,
+    vm2,
+};
+
+fn root(path: [pallas::Base; 32], leaf_pos: u32, leaf: pallas::Base) -> pallas::Base {
+    let domain = primitives::sinsemilla::HashDomain::new(MERKLE_CRH_PERSONALIZATION);
+
+    let pos_bool = i2lebsp::<32>(leaf_pos as u64);
+
+    let mut node = leaf;
+    for (l, (sibling, pos)) in path.iter().zip(pos_bool.iter()).enumerate() {
+        let (left, right) = if *pos {
+            (*sibling, node)
+        } else {
+            (node, *sibling)
+        };
+
+        let l_star = i2lebsp::<10>(l as u64);
+        let left: Vec<_> = left.to_le_bits().iter().by_val().take(255).collect();
+        let right: Vec<_> = right.to_le_bits().iter().by_val().take(255).collect();
+
+        let mut message = l_star.to_vec();
+        message.extend_from_slice(&left);
+        message.extend_from_slice(&right);
+
+        node = domain.hash(message.into_iter()).unwrap();
+    }
+    node
+}
+
+fn main() -> std::result::Result<(), failure::Error> {
+    // The number of rows in our circuit cannot exceed 2^k
+    let k: u32 = 11;
+
+    let start = Instant::now();
+    let file = File::open("proof/burn.zk.bin")?;
+    let zkbin = vm2::ZkBinary::decode(file)?;
+    for contract_name in zkbin.contracts.keys() {
+        println!("Loaded '{}' contract.", contract_name);
+    }
+    println!("Load time: [{:?}]", start.elapsed());
+
+    let contract = &zkbin.contracts["Burn"];
+
+    //contract.witness_base(...);
+    //contract.witness_base(...);
+    //contract.witness_base(...);
+
+    let secret = pallas::Scalar::random(&mut OsRng);
+    let serial = pallas::Base::random(&mut OsRng);
+
+    let value = 110;
+    let asset = 1;
+
+    // Nullifier = poseidon(sinsemilla(secret_key), serial)
+    let domain = primitives::sinsemilla::HashDomain::new(S_PERSONALIZATION);
+    let bits_secretkey: Vec<bool> = secret.to_le_bits().iter().by_val().collect();
+    let hashed_secret_key = domain.hash(iter::empty().chain(bits_secretkey)).unwrap();
+
+    let nullifier = [hashed_secret_key, serial];
+    let nullifier =
+        primitives::poseidon::Hash::init(P128Pow5T3, ConstantLength::<2>).hash(nullifier);
+
+    // Public key derivation
+    let public_key = OrchardFixedBases::SpendAuthG.generator() * secret;
+    let coords = public_key.to_affine().coordinates().unwrap();
+
+    // Construct Coin
+    let mut coin = pallas::Base::zero();
+    let coin_blind = pallas::Base::random(&mut OsRng);
+    let messages = [
+        [*coords.x(), *coords.y()],
+        [pallas::Base::from(value), pallas::Base::from(asset)],
+        [serial, coin_blind],
+    ];
+
+    for msg in messages.iter() {
+        let hash = primitives::poseidon::Hash::init(P128Pow5T3, ConstantLength::<2>).hash(*msg);
+        coin += hash;
+    }
+
+    // Merkle root
+    let leaf = pallas::Base::random(&mut OsRng);
+    let leaf_pos = rand::random::<u32>();
+    let path: Vec<_> = (0..32).map(|_| pallas::Base::random(&mut OsRng)).collect();
+    let merkle_root = root(path.clone().try_into().unwrap(), leaf_pos, leaf);
+
+    // Value and asset commitments
+    let value_blind = pallas::Scalar::random(&mut OsRng);
+    let asset_blind = pallas::Scalar::random(&mut OsRng);
+    let value_commit = pedersen_commitment_u64(value, value_blind);
+    let asset_commit = pedersen_commitment_u64(asset, asset_blind);
+
+    let value_coords = value_commit.to_affine().coordinates().unwrap();
+    let asset_coords = asset_commit.to_affine().coordinates().unwrap();
+
+    // Derive signature public key from signature secret key
+    let sig_secret = pallas::Scalar::random(&mut OsRng);
+    let sig_pubkey = OrchardFixedBases::SpendAuthG.generator() * sig_secret;
+    let sig_coords = sig_pubkey.to_affine().coordinates().unwrap();
+
+    let public_inputs = vec![
+        nullifier,
+        merkle_root,
+        *value_coords.x(),
+        *value_coords.y(),
+        *asset_coords.x(),
+        *asset_coords.y(),
+        *sig_coords.x(),
+        *sig_coords.y(),
+    ];
+
+    //
+
+    let mut const_fixed_points = HashMap::new();
+    const_fixed_points.insert(
+        "VALUE_COMMIT_VALUE".to_string(),
+        OrchardFixedBases::ValueCommitV,
+    );
+    const_fixed_points.insert(
+        "VALUE_COMMIT_RANDOM".to_string(),
+        OrchardFixedBases::ValueCommitR,
+    );
+    const_fixed_points.insert("SPEND_AUTH_G".to_string(), OrchardFixedBases::SpendAuthG);
+
+    let mut circuit = vm2::ZkCircuit::new(const_fixed_points, &zkbin.constants, contract);
+    let empty_circuit = circuit.clone();
+
+    circuit.witness_base("secret", hashed_secret_key)?;
+    circuit.witness_base("serial", serial)?;
+    circuit.witness_merkle_path("path", leaf_pos, path.try_into().unwrap())?;
+    circuit.witness_base("leaf", leaf)?;
+    circuit.witness_base("value", pallas::Base::from(value))?;
+    circuit.witness_base("asset", pallas::Base::from(asset))?;
+    circuit.witness_scalar("value_blind", value_blind)?;
+    circuit.witness_scalar("asset_blind", asset_blind)?;
+    circuit.witness_scalar("sig_secret", sig_secret)?;
+
+    // Valid MockProver
+    let prover = MockProver::run(k, &circuit, vec![public_inputs.clone()]).unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(prover.verify(), Ok(()));
+
+    // Actual ZK proof
+    let start = Instant::now();
+    let vk = VerifyingKey::build(k, empty_circuit.clone());
+    let pk = ProvingKey::build(k, empty_circuit.clone());
+    println!("\nSetup: [{:?}]", start.elapsed());
+
+    let start = Instant::now();
+    let proof = Proof::create(&pk, &[circuit], &public_inputs).unwrap();
+    println!("Prove: [{:?}]", start.elapsed());
+
+    let start = Instant::now();
+    assert!(proof.verify(&vk, &public_inputs).is_ok());
+    println!("Verify: [{:?}]", start.elapsed());
+
+    Ok(())
+}

src/blockchain/rocks.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-use async_std::sync::Arc;
 use std::marker::PhantomData;
 use std::path::Path;
 
+use async_std::sync::Arc;
 use rocksdb::{ColumnFamily, ColumnFamilyDescriptor, Options, DB};
 
 use crate::serial::{deserialize, serialize, Decodable, Encodable};

src/circuit/mint_contract.rs

@@ -1,179 +1,428 @@
-#![allow(unused_imports)]
-#![allow(unused_mut)]
-use crate::crypto::merkle_node::SAPLING_COMMITMENT_TREE_DEPTH;
-use bellman::{
-    gadgets::{
-        blake2s, boolean,
-        boolean::{AllocatedBit, Boolean},
-        multipack, num, Assignment,
+use pasta_curves::pallas;
+
+use halo2::{
+    circuit::{Layouter, SimpleFloorPlanner},
+    plonk,
+    plonk::{Advice, Circuit, Column, ConstraintSystem, Instance as InstanceColumn, Selector},
+    poly::Rotation,
+};
+use halo2_gadgets::{
+    ecc::{
+        chip::{EccChip, EccConfig},
+        FixedPoint,
+    },
+    poseidon::{
+        Hash as PoseidonHash, Pow5T3Chip as PoseidonChip, Pow5T3Config as PoseidonConfig,
+        StateWord, Word,
+    },
+    primitives::poseidon::{ConstantLength, P128Pow5T3},
+    sinsemilla::{
+        chip::{SinsemillaChip, SinsemillaConfig},
+        merkle::chip::{MerkleChip, MerkleConfig},
+    },
+    utilities::{
+        copy, lookup_range_check::LookupRangeCheckConfig, CellValue, UtilitiesInstructions, Var,
     },
-    groth16, Circuit, ConstraintSystem, SynthesisError,
 };
-use bls12_381::Bls12;
-use ff::{Field, PrimeField};
-use group::Curve;
-use zcash_proofs::circuit::{ecc, pedersen_hash};
 
-pub struct MintContract {
-    pub value: Option<u64>,
-    pub token_id: Option<jubjub::Fr>,
-    pub randomness_value: Option<jubjub::Fr>,
-    pub randomness_token: Option<jubjub::Fr>,
-    pub serial: Option<jubjub::Fr>,
-    pub randomness_coin: Option<jubjub::Fr>,
-    pub public: Option<jubjub::SubgroupPoint>,
+use crate::crypto::constants::{
+    sinsemilla::{OrchardCommitDomains, OrchardHashDomains},
+    OrchardFixedBases,
+};
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
+pub struct MintConfig {
+    primary: Column<InstanceColumn>,
+    q_add: Selector,
+    advices: [Column<Advice>; 10],
+    ecc_config: EccConfig,
+    merkle_config_1: MerkleConfig<OrchardHashDomains, OrchardCommitDomains, OrchardFixedBases>,
+    merkle_config_2: MerkleConfig<OrchardHashDomains, OrchardCommitDomains, OrchardFixedBases>,
+    sinsemilla_config_1:
+        SinsemillaConfig<OrchardHashDomains, OrchardCommitDomains, OrchardFixedBases>,
+    sinsemilla_config_2:
+        SinsemillaConfig<OrchardHashDomains, OrchardCommitDomains, OrchardFixedBases>,
+    poseidon_config: PoseidonConfig<pallas::Base>,
 }
-impl Circuit<bls12_381::Scalar> for MintContract {
-    fn synthesize<CS: ConstraintSystem<bls12_381::Scalar>>(
-        self,
-        cs: &mut CS,
-    ) -> Result<(), SynthesisError> {
-        // Line 20: u64_as_binary_le value param:value
-        let value = boolean::u64_into_boolean_vec_le(
-            cs.namespace(|| "Line 20: u64_as_binary_le value param:value"),
-            self.value,
-        )?;
 
-        // Line 21: fr_as_binary_le token_id param:token_id
-        let token_id = boolean::field_into_boolean_vec_le(
-            cs.namespace(|| "Line 21: fr_as_binary_le token_id param:token_id"),
-            self.token_id,
-        )?;
+impl MintConfig {
+    fn ecc_chip(&self) -> EccChip<OrchardFixedBases> {
+        EccChip::construct(self.ecc_config.clone())
+    }
 
-        // Line 22: fr_as_binary_le randomness_value param:randomness_value
-        let randomness_value = boolean::field_into_boolean_vec_le(
-            cs.namespace(|| "Line 22: fr_as_binary_le randomness_value param:randomness_value"),
-            self.randomness_value,
-        )?;
+    fn poseidon_chip(&self) -> PoseidonChip<pallas::Base> {
+        PoseidonChip::construct(self.poseidon_config.clone())
+    }
+}
 
-        // Line 23: fr_as_binary_le randomness_token param:randomness_token
-        let randomness_token = boolean::field_into_boolean_vec_le(
-            cs.namespace(|| "Line 23: fr_as_binary_le randomness_token param:randomness_token"),
-            self.randomness_token,
-        )?;
+// The public input array offsets
+const MINT_COIN_OFFSET: usize = 0;
+const MINT_VALCOMX_OFFSET: usize = 1;
+const MINT_VALCOMY_OFFSET: usize = 2;
+const MINT_ASSCOMX_OFFSET: usize = 3;
+const MINT_ASSCOMY_OFFSET: usize = 4;
 
-        // Line 24: fr_as_binary_le serial param:serial
-        let serial = boolean::field_into_boolean_vec_le(
-            cs.namespace(|| "Line 24: fr_as_binary_le serial param:serial"),
-            self.serial,
-        )?;
+#[derive(Default, Debug)]
+pub struct MintContract {
+    pub pub_x: Option<pallas::Base>,         // x coordinate for pubkey
+    pub pub_y: Option<pallas::Base>,         // y coordinate for pubkey
+    pub value: Option<pallas::Base>,         // The value of this coin
+    pub asset: Option<pallas::Base>,         // The asset ID
+    pub serial: Option<pallas::Base>,        // Unique serial number corresponding to this coin
+    pub coin_blind: Option<pallas::Base>,    // Random blinding factor for coin
+    pub value_blind: Option<pallas::Scalar>, // Random blinding factor for value commitment
+    pub asset_blind: Option<pallas::Scalar>, // Random blinding factor for the asset ID
+}
 
-        // Line 25: fr_as_binary_le randomness_coin param:randomness_coin
-        let randomness_coin = boolean::field_into_boolean_vec_le(
-            cs.namespace(|| "Line 25: fr_as_binary_le randomness_coin param:randomness_coin"),
-            self.randomness_coin,
-        )?;
+impl UtilitiesInstructions<pallas::Base> for MintContract {
+    type Var = CellValue<pallas::Base>;
+}
 
-        // Line 27: witness public param:public
-        let public = ecc::EdwardsPoint::witness(
-            cs.namespace(|| "Line 27: witness public param:public"),
-            self.public.map(jubjub::ExtendedPoint::from),
-        )?;
+impl Circuit<pallas::Base> for MintContract {
+    type Config = MintConfig;
+    type FloorPlanner = SimpleFloorPlanner;
 
-        // Line 28: assert_not_small_order public
-        public.assert_not_small_order(cs.namespace(|| "Line 28: assert_not_small_order public"))?;
+    fn without_witnesses(&self) -> Self {
+        Self::default()
+    }
 
-        // Line 33: ec_mul_const vcv value G_VCV
-        let vcv = ecc::fixed_base_multiplication(
-            cs.namespace(|| "Line 33: ec_mul_const vcv value G_VCV"),
-            &zcash_proofs::constants::VALUE_COMMITMENT_VALUE_GENERATOR,
-            &value,
-        )?;
+    fn configure(meta: &mut ConstraintSystem<pallas::Base>) -> Self::Config {
+        // Advice columns used in the circuit
+        let advices = [
+            meta.advice_column(),
+            meta.advice_column(),
+            meta.advice_column(),
+            meta.advice_column(),
+            meta.advice_column(),
+            meta.advice_column(),
+            meta.advice_column(),
+            meta.advice_column(),
+            meta.advice_column(),
+            meta.advice_column(),
+        ];
+
+        // Addition of two field elements
+        /*
+        let q_add = meta.selector();
+        meta.create_gate("poseidon_hash(a, b) + c", |meta| {
+            let q_add = meta.query_selector(q_add);
+            let sum = meta.query_advice(advices[6], Rotation::cur());
+            let hash = meta.query_advice(advices[7], Rotation::cur());
+            let c = meta.query_advice(advices[8], Rotation::cur());
+
+            vec![q_add * (hash + c - sum)]
+        });
+        */
+        let q_add = meta.selector();
+        meta.create_gate("a+b+c", |meta| {
+            let q_add = meta.query_selector(q_add);
+            let sum = meta.query_advice(advices[5], Rotation::cur());
+            let a = meta.query_advice(advices[6], Rotation::cur());
+            let b = meta.query_advice(advices[7], Rotation::cur());
+            let c = meta.query_advice(advices[8], Rotation::cur());
+
+            vec![q_add * (a + b + c - sum)]
+        });
+
+        // Fixed columns for the Sinsemilla generator lookup table
+        let table_idx = meta.lookup_table_column();
+        let lookup = (
+            table_idx,
+            meta.lookup_table_column(),
+            meta.lookup_table_column(),
+        );
+
+        // Instance column used for public inputs
+        let primary = meta.instance_column();
+        meta.enable_equality(primary.into());
+
+        // Permutation over all advice columns
+        for advice in advices.iter() {
+            meta.enable_equality((*advice).into());
+        }
 
-        // Line 34: ec_mul_const rcv randomness_value G_VCR
-        let rcv = ecc::fixed_base_multiplication(
-            cs.namespace(|| "Line 34: ec_mul_const rcv randomness_value G_VCR"),
-            &zcash_proofs::constants::VALUE_COMMITMENT_RANDOMNESS_GENERATOR,
-            &randomness_value,
-        )?;
+        // Poseidon requires four advice columns, while ECC incomplete addition
+        // requires six. We can reduce the proof size by sharing fixed columns
+        // between the ECC and Poseidon chips.
+        // TODO: For multiple invocations they could/should be configured in
+        // parallel rather than sharing perhaps?
+        let lagrange_coeffs = [
+            meta.fixed_column(),
+            meta.fixed_column(),
+            meta.fixed_column(),
+            meta.fixed_column(),
+            meta.fixed_column(),
+            meta.fixed_column(),
+            meta.fixed_column(),
+            meta.fixed_column(),
+        ];
+        let rc_a = lagrange_coeffs[2..5].try_into().unwrap();
+        let rc_b = lagrange_coeffs[5..8].try_into().unwrap();
+
+        // Also use the first Lagrange coefficient column for loading global constants.
+        meta.enable_constant(lagrange_coeffs[0]);
+
+        // Use one of the right-most advice columns for all of our range checks.
+        let range_check = LookupRangeCheckConfig::configure(meta, advices[9], table_idx);
+
+        // Configuration for curve point operations.
+        // This uses 10 advice columns and spans the whole circuit.
+        let ecc_config = EccChip::<OrchardFixedBases>::configure(
+            meta,
+            advices,
+            lagrange_coeffs,
+            range_check.clone(),
+        );
+
+        // Configuration for the Poseidon hash
+        let poseidon_config = PoseidonChip::configure(
+            meta,
+            P128Pow5T3,
+            advices[6..9].try_into().unwrap(),
+            advices[5],
+            rc_a,
+            rc_b,
+        );
+
+        // Configuration for a Sinsemilla hash instantiation and a
+        // Merkle hash instantiation using this Sinsemilla instance.
+        // Since the Sinsemilla config uses only 5 advice columns,
+        // we can fit two instances side-by-side.
+        let (sinsemilla_config_1, merkle_config_1) = {
+            let sinsemilla_config_1 = SinsemillaChip::configure(
+                meta,
+                advices[..5].try_into().unwrap(),
+                advices[6],
+                lagrange_coeffs[0],
+                lookup,
+                range_check.clone(),
+            );
+            let merkle_config_1 = MerkleChip::configure(meta, sinsemilla_config_1.clone());
+            (sinsemilla_config_1, merkle_config_1)
+        };
+
+        // Configuration for a Sinsemilla hash instantiation and a
+        // Merkle hash instantiation using this Sinsemilla instance.
+        // Since the Sinsemilla config uses only 5 advice columns,
+        // we can fit two instances side-by-side.
+        let (sinsemilla_config_2, merkle_config_2) = {
+            let sinsemilla_config_2 = SinsemillaChip::configure(
+                meta,
+                advices[5..].try_into().unwrap(),
+                advices[7],
+                lagrange_coeffs[1],
+                lookup,
+                range_check,
+            );
+            let merkle_config_2 = MerkleChip::configure(meta, sinsemilla_config_2.clone());
+
+            (sinsemilla_config_2, merkle_config_2)
+        };
+
+        MintConfig {
+            primary,
+            q_add,
+            advices,
+            ecc_config,
+            merkle_config_1,
+            merkle_config_2,
+            sinsemilla_config_1,
+            sinsemilla_config_2,
+            poseidon_config,
+        }
+    }
 
-        // Line 35: ec_add cv vcv rcv
-        let cv = vcv.add(cs.namespace(|| "Line 35: ec_add cv vcv rcv"), &rcv)?;
+    fn synthesize(
+        &self,
+        config: Self::Config,
+        mut layouter: impl Layouter<pallas::Base>,
+    ) -> Result<(), plonk::Error> {
+        // Load the Sinsemilla generator lookup table used by the whole circuit.
+        SinsemillaChip::load(config.sinsemilla_config_1.clone(), &mut layouter)?;
 
-        // Line 37: emit_ec cv
-        cv.inputize(cs.namespace(|| "Line 37: emit_ec cv"))?;
+        let ecc_chip = config.ecc_chip();
 
-        // Line 42: ec_mul_const vca token_id G_VCV
-        let vca = ecc::fixed_base_multiplication(
-            cs.namespace(|| "Line 42: ec_mul_const vca token_id G_VCV"),
-            &zcash_proofs::constants::VALUE_COMMITMENT_VALUE_GENERATOR,
-            &token_id,
+        let pub_x = self.load_private(
+            layouter.namespace(|| "load pubkey x"),
+            config.advices[0],
+            self.pub_x,
         )?;
 
-        // Line 43: ec_mul_const rca randomness_token G_VCR
-        let rca = ecc::fixed_base_multiplication(
-            cs.namespace(|| "Line 43: ec_mul_const rca randomness_token G_VCR"),
-            &zcash_proofs::constants::VALUE_COMMITMENT_RANDOMNESS_GENERATOR,
-            &randomness_token,
+        let pub_y = self.load_private(
+            layouter.namespace(|| "load pubkey y"),
+            config.advices[0],
+            self.pub_y,
         )?;
 
-        // Line 44: ec_add ca vca rca
-        let ca = vca.add(cs.namespace(|| "Line 44: ec_add ca vca rca"), &rca)?;
-
-        // Line 46: emit_ec ca
-        ca.inputize(cs.namespace(|| "Line 46: emit_ec ca"))?;
-
-        // Line 53: alloc_binary preimage
-        let mut preimage = vec![];
-
-        // Line 56: ec_repr repr_public public
-        let repr_public = public.repr(cs.namespace(|| "Line 56: ec_repr repr_public public"))?;
-
-        // Line 57: binary_extend preimage repr_public
-        preimage.extend(repr_public);
-
-        // Line 60: binary_extend preimage value
-        preimage.extend(value);
-
-        // Line 99: binary_extend preimage token_id
-        preimage.extend(token_id);
-
-        // add 4 zero bits
-        for _ in 0..4 {
-            // Line 71: alloc_const_bit zero_bit false
-            let zero_bit = Boolean::constant(false);
+        let value = self.load_private(
+            layouter.namespace(|| "load value"),
+            config.advices[0],
+            self.value,
+        )?;
 
-            // Line 72: binary_push preimage zero_bit
-            preimage.push(zero_bit);
-        }
+        let asset = self.load_private(
+            layouter.namespace(|| "load asset"),
+            config.advices[0],
+            self.asset,
+        )?;
 
-        // Line 67: binary_extend preimage serial
-        preimage.extend(serial);
+        let serial = self.load_private(
+            layouter.namespace(|| "load serial"),
+            config.advices[0],
+            self.serial,
+        )?;
 
-        // add 4 zero bits
-        for _ in 0..4 {
-            // Line 71: alloc_const_bit zero_bit false
-            let zero_bit = Boolean::constant(false);
+        let coin_blind = self.load_private(
+            layouter.namespace(|| "load coin_blind"),
+            config.advices[0],
+            self.coin_blind,
+        )?;
 
-            // Line 72: binary_push preimage zero_bit
-            preimage.push(zero_bit);
+        // =========
+        // Coin hash
+        // =========
+        let messages = [[pub_x, pub_y], [value, asset], [serial, coin_blind]];
+        let mut hashes = vec![];
+
+        for message in messages.iter() {
+            let hash = {
+                let poseidon_message = layouter.assign_region(
+                    || "load message",
+                    |mut region| {
+                        let mut message_word = |i: usize| {
+                            let value = message[i].value();
+                            let var = region.assign_advice(
+                                || format!("load message_{}", i),
+                                config.poseidon_config.state()[i],
+                                0,
+                                || value.ok_or(plonk::Error::SynthesisError),
+                            )?;
+                            region.constrain_equal(var, message[i].cell())?;
+                            Ok(Word::<_, _, P128Pow5T3, 3, 2>::from_inner(StateWord::new(
+                                var, value,
+                            )))
+                        };
+                        Ok([message_word(0)?, message_word(1)?])
+                    },
+                )?;
+
+                let poseidon_hasher = PoseidonHash::init(
+                    config.poseidon_chip(),
+                    layouter.namespace(|| "Poseidon init"),
+                    ConstantLength::<2>,
+                )?;
+
+                let poseidon_output = poseidon_hasher.hash(
+                    layouter.namespace(|| "Poseidon hash (a, b)"),
+                    poseidon_message,
+                )?;
+
+                let poseidon_output: CellValue<pallas::Base> = poseidon_output.inner().into();
+                poseidon_output
+            };
+
+            hashes.push(hash);
         }
 
-        // Line 83: binary_extend preimage randomness_coin
-        preimage.extend(randomness_coin);
+        let coin = layouter.assign_region(
+            || " `coin` = hash(a,b) + hash(c, d) + hash(e, f)",
+            |mut region| {
+                config.q_add.enable(&mut region, 0)?;
+
+                copy(&mut region, || "copy ab", config.advices[6], 0, &hashes[0])?;
+                copy(&mut region, || "copy cd", config.advices[7], 0, &hashes[1])?;
+                copy(&mut region, || "copy ef", config.advices[8], 0, &hashes[2])?;
+
+                let scalar_val = hashes[0]
+                    .value()
+                    .zip(hashes[1].value())
+                    .zip(hashes[2].value())
+                    .map(|(abcd, ef)| abcd.0 + abcd.1 + ef);
+
+                let cell = region.assign_advice(
+                    || "hash(a,b)+hash(c,d)+hash(e,f)",
+                    config.advices[5],
+                    0,
+                    || scalar_val.ok_or(plonk::Error::SynthesisError),
+                )?;
+                Ok(CellValue::new(cell, scalar_val))
+            },
+        )?;
 
-        // add 4 zero bits
-        for _ in 0..4 {
-            // Line 71: alloc_const_bit zero_bit false
-            let zero_bit = Boolean::constant(false);
+        // Constrain the coin C
+        layouter.constrain_instance(coin.cell(), config.primary, MINT_COIN_OFFSET)?;
 
-            // Line 72: binary_push preimage zero_bit
-            preimage.push(zero_bit);
-        }
+        // ================
+        // Value commitment
+        // ================
 
-        // Line 120: static_assert_binary_size preimage 1088
-        assert_eq!(preimage.len(), 1088);
+        // This constant one is used for short multiplication
+        let one = self.load_private(
+            layouter.namespace(|| "load constant one"),
+            config.advices[0],
+            Some(pallas::Base::one()),
+        )?;
 
-        // Line 121: blake2s coin preimage CRH_IVK
-        let mut coin = blake2s::blake2s(
-            cs.namespace(|| "Line 121: blake2s coin preimage CRH_IVK"),
-            &preimage,
-            zcash_primitives::constants::CRH_IVK_PERSONALIZATION,
+        // v * G_1
+        let (commitment, _) = {
+            let value_commit_v = OrchardFixedBases::ValueCommitV;
+            let value_commit_v = FixedPoint::from_inner(ecc_chip.clone(), value_commit_v);
+            value_commit_v.mul_short(layouter.namespace(|| "[value] ValueCommitV"), (value, one))?
+        };
+
+        // r_V * G_2
+        let (blind, _rcv) = {
+            let rcv = self.value_blind;
+            let value_commit_r = OrchardFixedBases::ValueCommitR;
+            let value_commit_r = FixedPoint::from_inner(ecc_chip.clone(), value_commit_r);
+            value_commit_r.mul(layouter.namespace(|| "[value_blind] ValueCommitR"), rcv)?
+        };
+
+        // Constrain the value commitment coordinates
+        let value_commit = commitment.add(layouter.namespace(|| "valuecommit"), &blind)?;
+        layouter.constrain_instance(
+            value_commit.inner().x().cell(),
+            config.primary,
+            MINT_VALCOMX_OFFSET,
+        )?;
+        layouter.constrain_instance(
+            value_commit.inner().y().cell(),
+            config.primary,
+            MINT_VALCOMY_OFFSET,
         )?;
 
-        // Line 122: emit_binary coin
-        multipack::pack_into_inputs(cs.namespace(|| "Line 122: emit_binary coin"), &coin)?;
+        // ================
+        // Asset commitment
+        // ================
+        // a * G_1
+        let (commitment, _) = {
+            let asset_commit_v = OrchardFixedBases::ValueCommitV;
+            let asset_commit_v = FixedPoint::from_inner(ecc_chip.clone(), asset_commit_v);
+            asset_commit_v.mul_short(layouter.namespace(|| "[asset] ValueCommitV"), (asset, one))?
+        };
+
+        // r_A * G_2
+        let (blind, _rca) = {
+            let rca = self.asset_blind;
+            let asset_commit_r = OrchardFixedBases::ValueCommitR;
+            let asset_commit_r = FixedPoint::from_inner(ecc_chip, asset_commit_r);
+            asset_commit_r.mul(layouter.namespace(|| "[asset_blind] ValueCommitR"), rca)?
+        };
+
+        // Constrain the asset commitment coordinates
+        let asset_commit = commitment.add(layouter.namespace(|| "assetcommit"), &blind)?;
+        layouter.constrain_instance(
+            asset_commit.inner().x().cell(),
+            config.primary,
+            MINT_ASSCOMX_OFFSET,
+        )?;
+        layouter.constrain_instance(
+            asset_commit.inner().y().cell(),
+            config.primary,
+            MINT_ASSCOMY_OFFSET,
+        )?;
 
+        // At this point we've enforced all of our public inputs.
         Ok(())
     }
 }

src/circuit/spend_contract.rs

@@ -1,516 +1,557 @@
-#![allow(unused_imports)]
-#![allow(unused_mut)]
-use bellman::{
-    gadgets::{
-        blake2s, boolean,
-        boolean::{AllocatedBit, Boolean},
-        multipack, num, Assignment,
+use pasta_curves as pasta;
+
+use halo2::{
+    circuit::{Layouter, SimpleFloorPlanner},
+    plonk::{
+        Advice, Circuit, Column, ConstraintSystem, Error, Instance as InstanceColumn, Selector,
+    },
+    poly::Rotation,
+};
+use halo2_gadgets::{
+    ecc::{
+        chip::{EccChip, EccConfig},
+        FixedPoint,
+    },
+    poseidon::{
+        Hash as PoseidonHash, Pow5T3Chip as PoseidonChip, Pow5T3Config as PoseidonConfig,
+        StateWord, Word,
+    },
+    primitives::poseidon::{ConstantLength, P128Pow5T3},
+    sinsemilla::{
+        chip::{SinsemillaChip, SinsemillaConfig},
+        merkle::chip::{MerkleChip, MerkleConfig},
+        merkle::MerklePath,
+    },
+    utilities::{
+        copy, lookup_range_check::LookupRangeCheckConfig, CellValue, UtilitiesInstructions, Var,
     },
-    groth16, Circuit, ConstraintSystem, SynthesisError,
 };
-use bls12_381::Bls12;
-use ff::{Field, PrimeField};
-use group::Curve;
-use zcash_proofs::circuit::{ecc, pedersen_hash};
 
-use crate::crypto::merkle_node::SAPLING_COMMITMENT_TREE_DEPTH;
+use crate::crypto::constants::{
+    sinsemilla::{OrchardCommitDomains, OrchardHashDomains},
+    OrchardFixedBases,
+};
 
-pub struct SpendContract {
-    pub value: Option<u64>,
-    pub token_id: Option<jubjub::Fr>,
-    pub randomness_value: Option<jubjub::Fr>,
-    pub randomness_token: Option<jubjub::Fr>,
-    pub serial: Option<jubjub::Fr>,
-    pub randomness_coin: Option<jubjub::Fr>,
-    pub secret: Option<jubjub::Fr>,
-    pub branch: [Option<bls12_381::Scalar>; SAPLING_COMMITMENT_TREE_DEPTH],
-    pub is_right: [Option<bool>; SAPLING_COMMITMENT_TREE_DEPTH],
-    pub signature_secret: Option<jubjub::Fr>,
+#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
+pub struct SpendConfig {
+    primary: Column<InstanceColumn>,
+    q_add: Selector,
+    advices: [Column<Advice>; 10],
+    ecc_config: EccConfig,
+    merkle_config_1: MerkleConfig<OrchardHashDomains, OrchardCommitDomains, OrchardFixedBases>,
+    merkle_config_2: MerkleConfig<OrchardHashDomains, OrchardCommitDomains, OrchardFixedBases>,
+    sinsemilla_config_1:
+        SinsemillaConfig<OrchardHashDomains, OrchardCommitDomains, OrchardFixedBases>,
+    sinsemilla_config_2:
+        SinsemillaConfig<OrchardHashDomains, OrchardCommitDomains, OrchardFixedBases>,
+    poseidon_config: PoseidonConfig<pasta::Fp>,
 }
-impl Circuit<bls12_381::Scalar> for SpendContract {
-    fn synthesize<CS: ConstraintSystem<bls12_381::Scalar>>(
-        self,
-        cs: &mut CS,
-    ) -> Result<(), SynthesisError> {
-        // Line 40: u64_as_binary_le value param:value
-        let value = boolean::u64_into_boolean_vec_le(
-            cs.namespace(|| "Line 40: u64_as_binary_le value param:value"),
-            self.value,
-        )?;
-
-        // Line 41: u64_as_binary_le token_id param:token_id
-        let token_id = boolean::field_into_boolean_vec_le(
-            cs.namespace(|| "Line 41: u64_as_binary_le value param:value"),
-            self.token_id,
-        )?;
-
-        // Line 41: fr_as_binary_le randomness_value param:randomness_value
-        let randomness_value = boolean::field_into_boolean_vec_le(
-            cs.namespace(|| "Line 41: fr_as_binary_le randomness_value param:randomness_value"),
-            self.randomness_value,
-        )?;
-
-        // Line 41: fr_as_binary_le randomness_token param:randomness_token
-        let randomness_token = boolean::field_into_boolean_vec_le(
-            cs.namespace(|| "Line 41: fr_as_binary_le randomness_token param:randomness_token"),
-            self.randomness_token,
-        )?;
-
-        // Line 46: ec_mul_const vcv value G_VCV
-        let vcv = ecc::fixed_base_multiplication(
-            cs.namespace(|| "Line 46: ec_mul_const vcv value G_VCV"),
-            &zcash_proofs::constants::VALUE_COMMITMENT_VALUE_GENERATOR,
-            &value,
-        )?;
-
-        // Line 47: ec_mul_const rcv randomness_value G_VCR
-        let rcv = ecc::fixed_base_multiplication(
-            cs.namespace(|| "Line 47: ec_mul_const rcv randomness_value G_VCR"),
-            &zcash_proofs::constants::VALUE_COMMITMENT_RANDOMNESS_GENERATOR,
-            &randomness_value,
-        )?;
-
-        // Line 48: ec_add cv vcv rcv
-        let cv = vcv.add(cs.namespace(|| "Line 48: ec_add cv vcv rcv"), &rcv)?;
-
-        // Line 50: emit_ec cv
-        cv.inputize(cs.namespace(|| "Line 50: emit_ec cv"))?;
-
-        // Line 46: ec_mul_const vca token_id G_VCV
-        let vca = ecc::fixed_base_multiplication(
-            cs.namespace(|| "Line 46: ec_mul_const vca token_id G_VCV"),
-            &zcash_proofs::constants::VALUE_COMMITMENT_VALUE_GENERATOR,
-            &token_id,
-        )?;
-
-        // Line 47: ec_mul_const rca randomness_token G_VCR
-        let rca = ecc::fixed_base_multiplication(
-            cs.namespace(|| "Line 47: ec_mul_const rca randomness_token G_VCR"),
-            &zcash_proofs::constants::VALUE_COMMITMENT_RANDOMNESS_GENERATOR,
-            &randomness_token,
-        )?;
-
-        // Line 48: ec_add ca vca rca
-        let ca = vca.add(cs.namespace(|| "Line 48: ec_add ca vca rca"), &rca)?;
-
-        // Line 50: emit_ec ca
-        ca.inputize(cs.namespace(|| "Line 50: emit_ec ca"))?;
-
-        // Line 54: fr_as_binary_le serial param:serial
-        let serial = boolean::field_into_boolean_vec_le(
-            cs.namespace(|| "Line 54: fr_as_binary_le serial param:serial"),
-            self.serial,
-        )?;
-
-        // Line 55: fr_as_binary_le secret param:secret
-        let secret = boolean::field_into_boolean_vec_le(
-            cs.namespace(|| "Line 55: fr_as_binary_le secret param:secret"),
-            self.secret,
-        )?;
-
-        // Line 57: alloc_binary nf_preimage
-        let mut nf_preimage = vec![];
-
-        // Line 64: binary_clone secret2 secret
-        let mut secret2: Vec<_> = secret.to_vec();
-
-        // Line 65: binary_extend nf_preimage secret2
-        nf_preimage.extend(secret2);
-
-        // Line 67: alloc_const_bit zero_bit false
-        let zero_bit = Boolean::constant(false);
-
-        // Line 68: binary_push nf_preimage zero_bit
-        nf_preimage.push(zero_bit);
-
-        // Line 70: alloc_const_bit zero_bit false
-        let zero_bit = Boolean::constant(false);
-
-        // Line 71: binary_push nf_preimage zero_bit
-        nf_preimage.push(zero_bit);
-
-        // Line 73: alloc_const_bit zero_bit false
-        let zero_bit = Boolean::constant(false);
-
-        // Line 74: binary_push nf_preimage zero_bit
-        nf_preimage.push(zero_bit);
-
-        // Line 76: alloc_const_bit zero_bit false
-        let zero_bit = Boolean::constant(false);
-
-        // Line 77: binary_push nf_preimage zero_bit
-        nf_preimage.push(zero_bit);
-
-        // Line 81: binary_clone serial2 serial
-        let mut serial2: Vec<_> = serial.to_vec();
-
-        // Line 82: binary_extend nf_preimage serial2
-        nf_preimage.extend(serial2);
-
-        // Line 84: alloc_const_bit zero_bit false
-        let zero_bit = Boolean::constant(false);
-
-        // Line 85: binary_push nf_preimage zero_bit
-        nf_preimage.push(zero_bit);
-
-        // Line 87: alloc_const_bit zero_bit false
-        let zero_bit = Boolean::constant(false);
-
-        // Line 88: binary_push nf_preimage zero_bit
-        nf_preimage.push(zero_bit);
-
-        // Line 90: alloc_const_bit zero_bit false
-        let zero_bit = Boolean::constant(false);
-
-        // Line 91: binary_push nf_preimage zero_bit
-        nf_preimage.push(zero_bit);
-
-        // Line 93: alloc_const_bit zero_bit false
-        let zero_bit = Boolean::constant(false);
-
-        // Line 94: binary_push nf_preimage zero_bit
-        nf_preimage.push(zero_bit);
-
-        // Line 100: static_assert_binary_size nf_preimage 512
-        assert_eq!(nf_preimage.len(), 512);
-
-        // Line 101: blake2s nf nf_preimage PRF_NF
-        let mut nf = blake2s::blake2s(
-            cs.namespace(|| "Line 101: blake2s nf nf_preimage PRF_NF"),
-            &nf_preimage,
-            zcash_primitives::constants::PRF_NF_PERSONALIZATION,
-        )?;
-
-        // Line 102: emit_binary nf
-        multipack::pack_into_inputs(cs.namespace(|| "Line 102: emit_binary nf"), &nf)?;
-
-        // Line 106: ec_mul_const public secret G_SPEND
-        let public = ecc::fixed_base_multiplication(
-            cs.namespace(|| "Line 106: ec_mul_const public secret G_SPEND"),
-            &zcash_proofs::constants::SPENDING_KEY_GENERATOR,
-            &secret,
-        )?;
 
-        // Line 110: fr_as_binary_le randomness_coin param:randomness_coin
-        let randomness_coin = boolean::field_into_boolean_vec_le(
-            cs.namespace(|| "Line 110: fr_as_binary_le randomness_coin param:randomness_coin"),
-            self.randomness_coin,
-        )?;
+impl SpendConfig {
+    fn ecc_chip(&self) -> EccChip<OrchardFixedBases> {
+        EccChip::construct(self.ecc_config.clone())
+    }
 
-        // Line 113: alloc_binary preimage
-        let mut preimage = vec![];
+    /*
+    fn sinsemilla_chip_1(
+        &self,
+    ) -> SinsemillaChip<OrchardHashDomains, OrchardCommitDomains, OrchardFixedBases> {
+        SinsemillaChip::construct(self.sinsemilla_config_1.clone())
+    }
 
-        // Line 116: ec_repr repr_public public
-        let repr_public = public.repr(cs.namespace(|| "Line 116: ec_repr repr_public public"))?;
+    fn sinsemilla_chip_2(
+        &self,
+    ) -> SinsemillaChip<OrchardHashDomains, OrchardCommitDomains, OrchardFixedBases> {
+        SinsemillaChip::construct(self.sinsemilla_config_2.clone())
+    }
+    */
 
-        // Line 117: binary_extend preimage repr_public
-        preimage.extend(repr_public);
+    fn merkle_chip_1(
+        &self,
+    ) -> MerkleChip<OrchardHashDomains, OrchardCommitDomains, OrchardFixedBases> {
+        MerkleChip::construct(self.merkle_config_1.clone())
+    }
 
-        // Line 120: binary_extend preimage value
-        preimage.extend(value);
+    fn merkle_chip_2(
+        &self,
+    ) -> MerkleChip<OrchardHashDomains, OrchardCommitDomains, OrchardFixedBases> {
+        MerkleChip::construct(self.merkle_config_2.clone())
+    }
 
-        // Line 109: binary_extend preimage token_id
-        preimage.extend(token_id);
+    fn poseidon_chip(&self) -> PoseidonChip<pasta::Fp> {
+        PoseidonChip::construct(self.poseidon_config.clone())
+    }
+}
 
-        // add 4 zero bits
-        for _ in 0..4 {
-            // Line 71: alloc_const_bit zero_bit false
-            let zero_bit = Boolean::constant(false);
+// The public input array offsets
+const BURN_NULLIFIER_OFFSET: usize = 0;
+const BURN_VALCOMX_OFFSET: usize = 1;
+const BURN_VALCOMY_OFFSET: usize = 2;
+const BURN_ASSCOMX_OFFSET: usize = 3;
+const BURN_ASSCOMY_OFFSET: usize = 4;
+const BURN_MERKLEROOT_OFFSET: usize = 5;
+const BURN_SIGKEYX_OFFSET: usize = 6;
+const BURN_SIGKEYY_OFFSET: usize = 7;
+
+#[derive(Default, Debug)]
+pub struct SpendContract {
+    pub secret_key: Option<pasta::Fp>,
+    pub serial: Option<pasta::Fp>,
+    pub value: Option<pasta::Fp>,
+    pub asset: Option<pasta::Fp>,
+    pub coin_blind: Option<pasta::Fp>,
+    pub value_blind: Option<pasta::Fq>,
+    pub asset_blind: Option<pasta::Fq>,
+    pub leaf_pos: Option<u32>,
+    pub merkle_path: Option<[pasta::Fp; 32]>,
+    pub sig_secret: Option<pasta::Fq>,
+}
 
-            // Line 72: binary_push preimage zero_bit
-            preimage.push(zero_bit);
-        }
+impl UtilitiesInstructions<pasta::Fp> for SpendContract {
+    type Var = CellValue<pasta::Fp>;
+}
 
-        // Line 123: binary_extend preimage serial
-        preimage.extend(serial);
+impl Circuit<pasta::Fp> for SpendContract {
+    type Config = SpendConfig;
+    type FloorPlanner = SimpleFloorPlanner;
 
-        // add 4 zero bits
-        for _ in 0..4 {
-            // Line 71: alloc_const_bit zero_bit false
-            let zero_bit = Boolean::constant(false);
+    fn without_witnesses(&self) -> Self {
+        Self::default()
+    }
 
-            // Line 72: binary_push preimage zero_bit
-            preimage.push(zero_bit);
+    fn configure(meta: &mut ConstraintSystem<pasta::Fp>) -> Self::Config {
+        // Advice columns used in the circuit
+        let advices = [
+            meta.advice_column(),
+            meta.advice_column(),
+            meta.advice_column(),
+            meta.advice_column(),
+            meta.advice_column(),
+            meta.advice_column(),
+            meta.advice_column(),
+            meta.advice_column(),
+            meta.advice_column(),
+            meta.advice_column(),
+        ];
+
+        // Addition of three field elements
+        let q_add = meta.selector();
+        meta.create_gate("a+b+c", |meta| {
+            let q_add = meta.query_selector(q_add);
+            let sum = meta.query_advice(advices[5], Rotation::cur());
+            let a = meta.query_advice(advices[6], Rotation::cur());
+            let b = meta.query_advice(advices[7], Rotation::cur());
+            let c = meta.query_advice(advices[8], Rotation::cur());
+
+            vec![q_add * (a + b + c - sum)]
+        });
+
+        // Fixed columns for the Sinsemilla generator lookup table
+        let table_idx = meta.lookup_table_column();
+        let lookup = (
+            table_idx,
+            meta.lookup_table_column(),
+            meta.lookup_table_column(),
+        );
+
+        // Instance column used for public inputs
+        let primary = meta.instance_column();
+        meta.enable_equality(primary.into());
+
+        // Permutation over all advice columns
+        for advice in advices.iter() {
+            meta.enable_equality((*advice).into());
         }
 
-        // Line 139: binary_extend preimage randomness_coin
-        preimage.extend(randomness_coin);
-
-        // add 4 zero bits
-        for _ in 0..4 {
-            // Line 71: alloc_const_bit zero_bit false
-            let zero_bit = Boolean::constant(false);
-
-            // Line 72: binary_push preimage zero_bit
-            preimage.push(zero_bit);
+        // Poseidon requires four advice columns, while ECC incomplete addition
+        // requires six. We can reduce the proof size by sharing fixed columns
+        // between the ECC and Poseidon chips.
+        // TODO: For multiple invocations they could/should be configured in
+        // parallel rather than sharing perhaps?
+        let lagrange_coeffs = [
+            meta.fixed_column(),
+            meta.fixed_column(),
+            meta.fixed_column(),
+            meta.fixed_column(),
+            meta.fixed_column(),
+            meta.fixed_column(),
+            meta.fixed_column(),
+            meta.fixed_column(),
+        ];
+        let rc_a = lagrange_coeffs[2..5].try_into().unwrap();
+        let rc_b = lagrange_coeffs[5..8].try_into().unwrap();
+
+        // Also use the first Lagrange coefficient column for loading global constants.
+        meta.enable_constant(lagrange_coeffs[0]);
+
+        // Use one of the right-most advice columns for all of our range checks.
+        let range_check = LookupRangeCheckConfig::configure(meta, advices[9], table_idx);
+
+        // Configuration for curve point operations.
+        // This uses 10 advice columns and spans the whole circuit.
+        let ecc_config = EccChip::<OrchardFixedBases>::configure(
+            meta,
+            advices,
+            lagrange_coeffs,
+            range_check.clone(),
+        );
+
+        // Configuration for the Poseidon hash
+        let poseidon_config = PoseidonChip::configure(
+            meta,
+            P128Pow5T3,
+            advices[6..9].try_into().unwrap(),
+            advices[5],
+            rc_a,
+            rc_b,
+        );
+
+        // Configuration for a Sinsemilla hash instantiation and a
+        // Merkle hash instantiation using this Sinsemilla instance.
+        // Since the Sinsemilla config uses only 5 advice columns,
+        // we can fit two instances side-by-side.
+        let (sinsemilla_config_1, merkle_config_1) = {
+            let sinsemilla_config_1 = SinsemillaChip::configure(
+                meta,
+                advices[..5].try_into().unwrap(),
+                advices[6],
+                lagrange_coeffs[0],
+                lookup,
+                range_check.clone(),
+            );
+            let merkle_config_1 = MerkleChip::configure(meta, sinsemilla_config_1.clone());
+            (sinsemilla_config_1, merkle_config_1)
+        };
+
+        // Configuration for a Sinsemilla hash instantiation and a
+        // Merkle hash instantiation using this Sinsemilla instance.
+        // Since the Sinsemilla config uses only 5 advice columns,
+        // we can fit two instances side-by-side.
+        let (sinsemilla_config_2, merkle_config_2) = {
+            let sinsemilla_config_2 = SinsemillaChip::configure(
+                meta,
+                advices[5..].try_into().unwrap(),
+                advices[7],
+                lagrange_coeffs[1],
+                lookup,
+                range_check,
+            );
+            let merkle_config_2 = MerkleChip::configure(meta, sinsemilla_config_2.clone());
+
+            (sinsemilla_config_2, merkle_config_2)
+        };
+
+        SpendConfig {
+            primary,
+            q_add,
+            advices,
+            ecc_config,
+            merkle_config_1,
+            merkle_config_2,
+            sinsemilla_config_1,
+            sinsemilla_config_2,
+            poseidon_config,
         }
+    }
 
-        // Line 159: static_assert_binary_size preimage 1088
-        assert_eq!(preimage.len(), 1088);
-
-        // Line 160: blake2s coin preimage CRH_IVK
-        let mut coin = blake2s::blake2s(
-            cs.namespace(|| "Line 160: blake2s coin preimage CRH_IVK"),
-            &preimage,
-            zcash_primitives::constants::CRH_IVK_PERSONALIZATION,
+    fn synthesize(
+        &self,
+        config: Self::Config,
+        mut layouter: impl Layouter<pasta::Fp>,
+    ) -> Result<(), Error> {
+        // Load the Sinsemilla generator lookup table used by the whole circuit.
+        SinsemillaChip::load(config.sinsemilla_config_1.clone(), &mut layouter)?;
+
+        // Construct the ECC chip.
+        let ecc_chip = config.ecc_chip();
+
+        // Construct the merkle chips
+        let merkle_chip_1 = config.merkle_chip_1();
+        let merkle_chip_2 = config.merkle_chip_2();
+
+        // =========
+        // Nullifier
+        // =========
+        let secret_key = self.load_private(
+            layouter.namespace(|| "load sinsemilla(secret key)"),
+            config.advices[0],
+            self.secret_key,
         )?;
 
-        // Line 166: pedersen_hash cm coin NOTE_COMMIT
-        let mut cm = pedersen_hash::pedersen_hash(
-            cs.namespace(|| "Line 166: pedersen_hash cm coin NOTE_COMMIT"),
-            pedersen_hash::Personalization::NoteCommitment,
-            &coin,
+        let serial = self.load_private(
+            layouter.namespace(|| "load serial"),
+            config.advices[0],
+            self.serial,
         )?;
 
-        // Line 168: ec_get_u current cm
-        let mut current = cm.get_u().clone();
-
-        for i in 0..SAPLING_COMMITMENT_TREE_DEPTH {
-            // Line 174: alloc_scalar branch param:branch_0
-            let branch = num::AllocatedNum::alloc(
-                cs.namespace(|| "Line 174: alloc_scalar branch param:branch_0"),
-                || Ok(*self.branch[i].get()?),
+        let message = [secret_key, serial];
+        let hash = {
+            let poseidon_message = layouter.assign_region(
+                || "load message",
+                |mut region| {
+                    let mut message_word = |i: usize| {
+                        let value = message[i].value();
+                        let var = region.assign_advice(
+                            || format!("load message_{}", i),
+                            config.poseidon_config.state()[i],
+                            0,
+                            || value.ok_or(Error::SynthesisError),
+                        )?;
+                        region.constrain_equal(var, message[i].cell())?;
+                        Ok(Word::<_, _, P128Pow5T3, 3, 2>::from_inner(StateWord::new(
+                            var, value,
+                        )))
+                    };
+                    Ok([message_word(0)?, message_word(1)?])
+                },
             )?;
 
-            // Line 177: alloc_bit is_right param:is_right_0
-            let is_right = boolean::Boolean::from(boolean::AllocatedBit::alloc(
-                cs.namespace(|| "Line 177: alloc_bit is_right param:is_right_0"),
-                self.is_right[i],
-            )?);
-
-            // Line 180: conditionally_reverse left right current branch is_right
-            let (left, right) = num::AllocatedNum::conditionally_reverse(
-                cs.namespace(|| {
-                    "Line 180: conditionally_reverse left right current branch is_right"
-                }),
-                &current,
-                &branch,
-                &is_right,
+            let poseidon_hasher = PoseidonHash::init(
+                config.poseidon_chip(),
+                layouter.namespace(|| "Poseidon init"),
+                ConstantLength::<2>,
             )?;
 
-            // Line 183: scalar_as_binary left left
-            let left = left.to_bits_le(cs.namespace(|| "Line 183: scalar_as_binary left left"))?;
-
-            // Line 184: scalar_as_binary right right
-            let right =
-                right.to_bits_le(cs.namespace(|| "Line 184: scalar_as_binary right right"))?;
-
-            // Line 185: alloc_binary preimage
-            let mut preimage = vec![];
-
-            // Line 186: binary_extend preimage left
-            preimage.extend(left);
+            let poseidon_output = poseidon_hasher.hash(
+                layouter.namespace(|| "Poseidon hash (secretkey, serial)"),
+                poseidon_message,
+            )?;
 
-            // Line 187: binary_extend preimage right
-            preimage.extend(right);
+            let poseidon_output: CellValue<pasta::Fp> = poseidon_output.inner().into();
+            poseidon_output
+        };
 
-            // Line 188: pedersen_hash cm preimage MERKLE_0
-            let mut cm = pedersen_hash::pedersen_hash(
-                cs.namespace(|| "Line 188: pedersen_hash cm preimage MERKLE_0"),
-                pedersen_hash::Personalization::MerkleTree(i),
-                &preimage,
-            )?;
+        layouter.constrain_instance(hash.cell(), config.primary, BURN_NULLIFIER_OFFSET)?;
 
-            // Line 190: ec_get_u current cm
-            current = cm.get_u().clone();
-        }
+        // let nullifier_k = FixedPointBaseField::from_inner(ecc_chip.clone(), NullifierK);
+        //     nullifier_k.mul(
+        //         layouter.namespace(|| "[poseidon_output + psi_old] NullifierK"),
+        //         scalar,
+        //     )?
 
-        /*
-        // Line 174: alloc_scalar branch param:branch_0
-        let branch = num::AllocatedNum::alloc(
-            cs.namespace(|| "Line 174: alloc_scalar branch param:branch_0"),
-            || Ok(*self.branch_0.get()?),
+        let value = self.load_private(
+            layouter.namespace(|| "load value"),
+            config.advices[0],
+            self.value,
         )?;
 
-        // Line 177: alloc_bit is_right param:is_right_0
-        let is_right = boolean::Boolean::from(boolean::AllocatedBit::alloc(
-            cs.namespace(|| "Line 177: alloc_bit is_right param:is_right_0"),
-            self.is_right_0,
-        )?);
-
-        // Line 180: conditionally_reverse left right current branch is_right
-        let (left, right) = num::AllocatedNum::conditionally_reverse(
-            cs.namespace(|| "Line 180: conditionally_reverse left right current branch is_right"),
-            &current,
-            &branch,
-            &is_right,
+        let asset = self.load_private(
+            layouter.namespace(|| "load asset"),
+            config.advices[0],
+            self.asset,
         )?;
 
-        // Line 183: scalar_as_binary left left
-        let left = left.to_bits_le(cs.namespace(|| "Line 183: scalar_as_binary left left"))?;
-
-        // Line 184: scalar_as_binary right right
-        let right = right.to_bits_le(cs.namespace(|| "Line 184: scalar_as_binary right right"))?;
-
-        // Line 185: alloc_binary preimage
-        let mut preimage = vec![];
-
-        // Line 186: binary_extend preimage left
-        preimage.extend(left);
-
-        // Line 187: binary_extend preimage right
-        preimage.extend(right);
-
-        // Line 188: pedersen_hash cm preimage MERKLE_0
-        let mut cm = pedersen_hash::pedersen_hash(
-            cs.namespace(|| "Line 188: pedersen_hash cm preimage MERKLE_0"),
-            pedersen_hash::Personalization::MerkleTree(0),
-            &preimage,
+        let coin_blind = self.load_private(
+            layouter.namespace(|| "load coin_blind"),
+            config.advices[0],
+            self.coin_blind,
         )?;
 
-        // Line 190: ec_get_u current cm
-        let mut current = cm.get_u().clone();
+        let public_key = {
+            let nullifier_k = OrchardFixedBases::NullifierK;
+            let nullifier_k = FixedPoint::from_inner(ecc_chip.clone(), nullifier_k);
+            nullifier_k.mul_base_field(layouter.namespace(|| "[x_s] Nullifier"), secret_key)?
+        };
+
+        let (pub_x, pub_y) = (public_key.inner().x(), public_key.inner().y());
+
+        // =========
+        // Coin hash
+        // =========
+        let messages = [[pub_x, pub_y], [value, asset], [serial, coin_blind]];
+        let mut hashes = vec![];
+
+        for message in messages.iter() {
+            let hash = {
+                let poseidon_message = layouter.assign_region(
+                    || "load message",
+                    |mut region| {
+                        let mut message_word = |i: usize| {
+                            let value = message[i].value();
+                            let var = region.assign_advice(
+                                || format!("load message_{}", i),
+                                config.poseidon_config.state()[i],
+                                0,
+                                || value.ok_or(Error::SynthesisError),
+                            )?;
+                            region.constrain_equal(var, message[i].cell())?;
+                            Ok(Word::<_, _, P128Pow5T3, 3, 2>::from_inner(StateWord::new(
+                                var, value,
+                            )))
+                        };
+                        Ok([message_word(0)?, message_word(1)?])
+                    },
+                )?;
+
+                let poseidon_hasher = PoseidonHash::init(
+                    config.poseidon_chip(),
+                    layouter.namespace(|| "Poseidon init"),
+                    ConstantLength::<2>,
+                )?;
+
+                let poseidon_output = poseidon_hasher.hash(
+                    layouter.namespace(|| "Poseidon hash (a, b)"),
+                    poseidon_message,
+                )?;
+
+                let poseidon_output: CellValue<pasta::Fp> = poseidon_output.inner().into();
+                poseidon_output
+            };
+
+            hashes.push(hash);
+        }
 
-        // Line 194: alloc_scalar branch param:branch_1
-        let branch = num::AllocatedNum::alloc(
-            cs.namespace(|| "Line 194: alloc_scalar branch param:branch_1"),
-            || Ok(*self.branch_1.get()?),
+        let coin = layouter.assign_region(
+            || " `coin` = hash(a,b) + hash(c, d) + hash(e, f)",
+            |mut region| {
+                config.q_add.enable(&mut region, 0)?;
+
+                copy(&mut region, || "copy ab", config.advices[6], 0, &hashes[0])?;
+                copy(&mut region, || "copy cd", config.advices[7], 0, &hashes[1])?;
+                copy(&mut region, || "copy ef", config.advices[8], 0, &hashes[2])?;
+
+                let scalar_val = hashes[0]
+                    .value()
+                    .zip(hashes[1].value())
+                    .zip(hashes[2].value())
+                    .map(|(abcd, ef)| abcd.0 + abcd.1 + ef);
+
+                let cell = region.assign_advice(
+                    || "hash(a,b)+hash(c,d)+hash(e,f)",
+                    config.advices[5],
+                    0,
+                    || scalar_val.ok_or(Error::SynthesisError),
+                )?;
+                Ok(CellValue::new(cell, scalar_val))
+            },
         )?;
 
-        // Line 197: alloc_bit is_right param:is_right_1
-        let is_right = boolean::Boolean::from(boolean::AllocatedBit::alloc(
-            cs.namespace(|| "Line 197: alloc_bit is_right param:is_right_1"),
-            self.is_right_1,
-        )?);
-
-        // Line 200: conditionally_reverse left right current branch is_right
-        let (left, right) = num::AllocatedNum::conditionally_reverse(
-            cs.namespace(|| "Line 200: conditionally_reverse left right current branch is_right"),
-            &current,
-            &branch,
-            &is_right,
+        // ===========
+        // Merkle root
+        // ===========
+
+        let path = MerklePath {
+            chip_1: merkle_chip_1,
+            chip_2: merkle_chip_2,
+            domain: OrchardHashDomains::MerkleCrh,
+            leaf_pos: self.leaf_pos,
+            path: self.merkle_path,
+        };
+
+        let computed_final_root =
+            path.calculate_root(layouter.namespace(|| "calculate root"), coin)?;
+
+        layouter.constrain_instance(
+            computed_final_root.cell(),
+            config.primary,
+            BURN_MERKLEROOT_OFFSET,
         )?;
 
-        // Line 203: scalar_as_binary left left
-        let left = left.to_bits_le(cs.namespace(|| "Line 203: scalar_as_binary left left"))?;
-
-        // Line 204: scalar_as_binary right right
-        let right = right.to_bits_le(cs.namespace(|| "Line 204: scalar_as_binary right right"))?;
-
-        // Line 205: alloc_binary preimage
-        let mut preimage = vec![];
-
-        // Line 206: binary_extend preimage left
-        preimage.extend(left);
+        // ================
+        // Value commitment
+        // ================
 
-        // Line 207: binary_extend preimage right
-        preimage.extend(right);
-
-        // Line 208: pedersen_hash cm preimage MERKLE_1
-        let mut cm = pedersen_hash::pedersen_hash(
-            cs.namespace(|| "Line 208: pedersen_hash cm preimage MERKLE_1"),
-            pedersen_hash::Personalization::MerkleTree(1),
-            &preimage,
+        // This constant one is used for multiplication
+        let one = self.load_private(
+            layouter.namespace(|| "load constant one"),
+            config.advices[0],
+            Some(pasta::Fp::one()),
         )?;
 
-        // Line 210: ec_get_u current cm
-        let mut current = cm.get_u().clone();
-
-        // Line 214: alloc_scalar branch param:branch_2
-        let branch = num::AllocatedNum::alloc(
-            cs.namespace(|| "Line 214: alloc_scalar branch param:branch_2"),
-            || Ok(*self.branch_2.get()?),
+        let value = self.load_private(
+            layouter.namespace(|| "load value"),
+            config.advices[0],
+            self.value,
         )?;
 
-        // Line 217: alloc_bit is_right param:is_right_2
-        let is_right = boolean::Boolean::from(boolean::AllocatedBit::alloc(
-            cs.namespace(|| "Line 217: alloc_bit is_right param:is_right_2"),
-            self.is_right_2,
-        )?);
-
-        // Line 220: conditionally_reverse left right current branch is_right
-        let (left, right) = num::AllocatedNum::conditionally_reverse(
-            cs.namespace(|| "Line 220: conditionally_reverse left right current branch is_right"),
-            &current,
-            &branch,
-            &is_right,
+        // v * G_1
+        let (commitment, _) = {
+            let value_commit_v = OrchardFixedBases::ValueCommitV;
+            let value_commit_v = FixedPoint::from_inner(ecc_chip.clone(), value_commit_v);
+            value_commit_v.mul_short(layouter.namespace(|| "[value] ValueCommitV"), (value, one))?
+        };
+
+        // r_V * G_2
+        let (blind, _rcv) = {
+            let rcv = self.value_blind;
+            let value_commit_r = OrchardFixedBases::ValueCommitR;
+            let value_commit_r = FixedPoint::from_inner(ecc_chip.clone(), value_commit_r);
+            value_commit_r.mul(layouter.namespace(|| "[value_blind] ValueCommitR"), rcv)?
+        };
+
+        // Constrain the value commitment coordinates
+        let value_commit = commitment.add(layouter.namespace(|| "valuecommit"), &blind)?;
+        layouter.constrain_instance(
+            value_commit.inner().x().cell(),
+            config.primary,
+            BURN_VALCOMX_OFFSET,
         )?;
-
-        // Line 223: scalar_as_binary left left
-        let left = left.to_bits_le(cs.namespace(|| "Line 223: scalar_as_binary left left"))?;
-
-        // Line 224: scalar_as_binary right right
-        let right = right.to_bits_le(cs.namespace(|| "Line 224: scalar_as_binary right right"))?;
-
-        // Line 225: alloc_binary preimage
-        let mut preimage = vec![];
-
-        // Line 226: binary_extend preimage left
-        preimage.extend(left);
-
-        // Line 227: binary_extend preimage right
-        preimage.extend(right);
-
-        // Line 228: pedersen_hash cm preimage MERKLE_2
-        let mut cm = pedersen_hash::pedersen_hash(
-            cs.namespace(|| "Line 228: pedersen_hash cm preimage MERKLE_2"),
-            pedersen_hash::Personalization::MerkleTree(2),
-            &preimage,
+        layouter.constrain_instance(
+            value_commit.inner().y().cell(),
+            config.primary,
+            BURN_VALCOMY_OFFSET,
         )?;
 
-        // Line 230: ec_get_u current cm
-        let mut current = cm.get_u().clone();
+        // ================
+        // Asset commitment
+        // ================
 
-        // Line 234: alloc_scalar branch param:branch_3
-        let branch = num::AllocatedNum::alloc(
-            cs.namespace(|| "Line 234: alloc_scalar branch param:branch_3"),
-            || Ok(*self.branch_3.get()?),
+        let asset = self.load_private(
+            layouter.namespace(|| "load asset"),
+            config.advices[0],
+            self.asset,
         )?;
 
-        // Line 237: alloc_bit is_right param:is_right_3
-        let is_right = boolean::Boolean::from(boolean::AllocatedBit::alloc(
-            cs.namespace(|| "Line 237: alloc_bit is_right param:is_right_3"),
-            self.is_right_3,
-        )?);
-
-        // Line 240: conditionally_reverse left right current branch is_right
-        let (left, right) = num::AllocatedNum::conditionally_reverse(
-            cs.namespace(|| "Line 240: conditionally_reverse left right current branch is_right"),
-            &current,
-            &branch,
-            &is_right,
+        // a * G_1
+        let (commitment, _) = {
+            let asset_commit_v = OrchardFixedBases::ValueCommitV;
+            let asset_commit_v = FixedPoint::from_inner(ecc_chip.clone(), asset_commit_v);
+            asset_commit_v.mul_short(layouter.namespace(|| "[asset] ValueCommitV"), (asset, one))?
+        };
+
+        // r_A * G_2
+        let (blind, _rca) = {
+            let rca = self.asset_blind;
+            let asset_commit_r = OrchardFixedBases::ValueCommitR;
+            let asset_commit_r = FixedPoint::from_inner(ecc_chip.clone(), asset_commit_r);
+            asset_commit_r.mul(layouter.namespace(|| "[asset_blind] ValueCommitR"), rca)?
+        };
+
+        // Constrain the asset commitment coordinates
+        let asset_commit = commitment.add(layouter.namespace(|| "assetcommit"), &blind)?;
+        layouter.constrain_instance(
+            asset_commit.inner().x().cell(),
+            config.primary,
+            BURN_ASSCOMX_OFFSET,
         )?;
-
-        // Line 243: scalar_as_binary left left
-        let left = left.to_bits_le(cs.namespace(|| "Line 243: scalar_as_binary left left"))?;
-
-        // Line 244: scalar_as_binary right right
-        let right = right.to_bits_le(cs.namespace(|| "Line 244: scalar_as_binary right right"))?;
-
-        // Line 245: alloc_binary preimage
-        let mut preimage = vec![];
-
-        // Line 246: binary_extend preimage left
-        preimage.extend(left);
-
-        // Line 247: binary_extend preimage right
-        preimage.extend(right);
-
-        // Line 248: pedersen_hash cm preimage MERKLE_3
-        let mut cm = pedersen_hash::pedersen_hash(
-            cs.namespace(|| "Line 248: pedersen_hash cm preimage MERKLE_3"),
-            pedersen_hash::Personalization::MerkleTree(3),
-            &preimage,
+        layouter.constrain_instance(
+            asset_commit.inner().y().cell(),
+            config.primary,
+            BURN_ASSCOMY_OFFSET,
         )?;
 
-        // Line 250: ec_get_u current cm
-        let mut current = cm.get_u().clone();
-        */
-
-        // Line 253: emit_scalar current
-        current.inputize(cs.namespace(|| "Line 253: emit_scalar current"))?;
-
-        let signature_secret = boolean::field_into_boolean_vec_le(
-            cs.namespace(|| "Signature secret"),
-            self.signature_secret,
+        // ========================
+        // Signature key derivation
+        // ========================
+        let (sig_pub, _) = {
+            let spend_auth_g = OrchardFixedBases::SpendAuthG;
+            let spend_auth_g = FixedPoint::from_inner(ecc_chip, spend_auth_g);
+            // TODO: Do we need to load sig_secret somewhere first?
+            spend_auth_g.mul(layouter.namespace(|| "[x_s] SpendAuthG"), self.sig_secret)?
+        };
+
+        layouter.constrain_instance(
+            sig_pub.inner().x().cell(),
+            config.primary,
+            BURN_SIGKEYX_OFFSET,
         )?;
-        let signature_public = ecc::fixed_base_multiplication(
-            cs.namespace(|| "Signature public"),
-            &zcash_proofs::constants::SPENDING_KEY_GENERATOR,
-            &signature_secret,
+        layouter.constrain_instance(
+            sig_pub.inner().y().cell(),
+            config.primary,
+            BURN_SIGKEYY_OFFSET,
         )?;
-        signature_public.inputize(cs.namespace(|| "Signature public inputize"))?;
 
+        // At this point we've enforced all of our public inputs.
         Ok(())
     }
 }

src/client.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/*
 use async_executor::Executor;
 use async_std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};
 
@@ -24,6 +25,7 @@ use crate::{
     wallet::{walletdb::Balances, CashierDbPtr, Keypair, WalletPtr},
     Result,
 };
+*/
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, thiserror::Error)]
 pub enum ClientFailed {
@@ -53,6 +55,7 @@ pub enum ClientFailed {
     VerifyError(String),
 }
 
+/*
 pub struct Client {
     mint_params: bellman::groth16::Parameters<Bls12>,
     spend_params: bellman::groth16::Parameters<Bls12>,
@@ -544,6 +547,7 @@ impl State {
         }
     }
 }
+*/
 
 impl From<super::error::Error> for ClientFailed {
     fn from(err: super::error::Error) -> ClientFailed {

src/crypto/arith_chip.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,208 @@
+use halo2::{
+    circuit::{Chip, Layouter},
+    plonk::{Advice, Column, ConstraintSystem, Error, Selector},
+    poly::Rotation,
+};
+use halo2_gadgets::utilities::{CellValue, Var};
+use pasta_curves::pallas;
+
+type Variable = CellValue<pallas::Base>;
+
+// Replace with use pasta::Fp and pasta::Fq
+type Fp = pallas::Base;
+//type Fq = pallas::Scalar;
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
+pub struct ArithmeticChipConfig {
+    a_col: Column<Advice>,
+    b_col: Column<Advice>,
+    //permute: Permutation,
+    s_add: Selector,
+    s_mul: Selector,
+    //s_pub: Selector,
+}
+
+pub struct ArithmeticChip {
+    config: ArithmeticChipConfig,
+}
+
+impl Chip<Fp> for ArithmeticChip {
+    type Config = ArithmeticChipConfig;
+    type Loaded = ();
+
+    fn config(&self) -> &Self::Config {
+        &self.config
+    }
+
+    fn loaded(&self) -> &Self::Loaded {
+        &()
+    }
+}
+
+impl ArithmeticChip {
+    pub fn construct(config: ArithmeticChipConfig) -> Self {
+        Self { config }
+    }
+
+    pub fn configure(cs: &mut ConstraintSystem<Fp>) -> ArithmeticChipConfig {
+        let a_col = cs.advice_column();
+        let b_col = cs.advice_column();
+
+        cs.enable_equality(a_col.into());
+        cs.enable_equality(b_col.into());
+
+        //let instance = cs.instance_column();
+
+        /*let permute = {
+            // Convert advice columns into an "any" columns.
+            let cols: [Column<Any>; 2] = [a_col.into(), b_col.into()];
+            Permutation::new(cs, &cols)
+        };*/
+
+        let s_add = cs.selector();
+        let s_mul = cs.selector();
+        //let s_pub = cs.selector();
+
+        cs.create_gate("add", |cs| {
+            let lhs = cs.query_advice(a_col, Rotation::cur());
+            let rhs = cs.query_advice(b_col, Rotation::cur());
+            let out = cs.query_advice(a_col, Rotation::next());
+            let s_add = cs.query_selector(s_add);
+
+            vec![s_add * (lhs + rhs - out)]
+        });
+
+        cs.create_gate("mul", |cs| {
+            let lhs = cs.query_advice(a_col, Rotation::cur());
+            let rhs = cs.query_advice(b_col, Rotation::cur());
+            let out = cs.query_advice(a_col, Rotation::next());
+            let s_mul = cs.query_selector(s_mul);
+
+            vec![s_mul * (lhs * rhs - out)]
+        });
+
+        /*
+        cs.create_gate("pub", |cs| {
+            let a = cs.query_advice(a_col, Rotation::cur());
+            let p = cs.query_instance(instance, Rotation::cur());
+            let s_pub = cs.query_selector(s_pub);
+
+            vec![s_pub * (p - a)]
+        });
+        */
+
+        ArithmeticChipConfig {
+            a_col,
+            b_col,
+            /*permute,*/ s_add,
+            s_mul, /*, s_pub*/
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn add(
+        &self,
+        mut layouter: impl Layouter<Fp>,
+        a: Variable,
+        b: Variable,
+    ) -> Result<Variable, Error> {
+        let mut out = None;
+        layouter.assign_region(
+            || "mul",
+            |mut region| {
+                self.config.s_add.enable(&mut region, 0)?;
+
+                let lhs = region.assign_advice(
+                    || "lhs",
+                    self.config.a_col,
+                    0,
+                    || a.value().ok_or(Error::SynthesisError),
+                )?;
+                let rhs = region.assign_advice(
+                    || "rhs",
+                    self.config.b_col,
+                    0,
+                    || b.value().ok_or(Error::SynthesisError),
+                )?;
+                region.constrain_equal(a.cell(), lhs)?;
+                region.constrain_equal(b.cell(), rhs)?;
+
+                let value = a.value().and_then(|a| b.value().map(|b| a + b));
+                let cell = region.assign_advice(
+                    || "lhs + rhs",
+                    self.config.a_col,
+                    1,
+                    || value.ok_or(Error::SynthesisError),
+                )?;
+
+                out = Some(Var::new(cell, value));
+                Ok(())
+            },
+        )?;
+
+        Ok(out.unwrap())
+    }
+
+    pub fn mul(
+        &self,
+        mut layouter: impl Layouter<Fp>,
+        a: Variable,
+        b: Variable,
+    ) -> Result<Variable, Error> {
+        let mut out = None;
+        layouter.assign_region(
+            || "mul",
+            |mut region| {
+                self.config.s_mul.enable(&mut region, 0)?;
+
+                let lhs = region.assign_advice(
+                    || "lhs",
+                    self.config.a_col,
+                    0,
+                    || a.value().ok_or(Error::SynthesisError),
+                )?;
+                let rhs = region.assign_advice(
+                    || "rhs",
+                    self.config.b_col,
+                    0,
+                    || b.value().ok_or(Error::SynthesisError),
+                )?;
+                region.constrain_equal(a.cell(), lhs)?;
+                region.constrain_equal(b.cell(), rhs)?;
+
+                let value = a.value().and_then(|a| b.value().map(|b| a * b));
+                let cell = region.assign_advice(
+                    || "lhs * rhs",
+                    self.config.a_col,
+                    1,
+                    || value.ok_or(Error::SynthesisError),
+                )?;
+
+                out = Some(Var::new(cell, value));
+                Ok(())
+            },
+        )?;
+
+        Ok(out.unwrap())
+    }
+
+    /*
+    fn expose_public(&self, layouter: &mut impl Layouter<Fp>, num: Number) -> Result<(), Error> {
+        layouter.assign_region(
+            || "expose public",
+            |mut region| {
+                self.config.s_pub.enable(&mut region, 0)?;
+
+                let out = region.assign_advice(
+                    || "public advice",
+                    self.config.b_col,
+                    0,
+                    || num.value.ok_or(Error::SynthesisError),
+                )?;
+                region.constrain_equal(num.cell, out)?;
+
+                Ok(())
+            },
+        )
+    }
+    */
+}

src/crypto/coin.rs

@@ -1,31 +1,41 @@
 use std::io;
 
+use pasta_curves::{arithmetic::FieldExt, pallas};
+
 use crate::{
-    error::Result,
-    serial::{Decodable, Encodable},
+    serial::{Decodable, Encodable, ReadExt, WriteExt},
+    Result,
 };
 
-#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
-pub struct Coin {
-    pub repr: [u8; 32],
-}
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)]
+pub struct Coin(pub pallas::Base);
 
 impl Coin {
-    pub fn new(repr: [u8; 32]) -> Self {
-        Self { repr }
+    pub fn from_bytes(bytes: &[u8; 32]) -> Self {
+        pallas::Base::from_bytes(bytes).map(Coin).unwrap()
+    }
+
+    pub fn to_bytes(self) -> [u8; 32] {
+        self.0.to_bytes()
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn inner(&self) -> pallas::Base {
+        self.0
     }
 }
 
 impl Encodable for Coin {
-    fn encode<S: io::Write>(&self, s: S) -> Result<usize> {
-        self.repr.encode(s)
+    fn encode<S: io::Write>(&self, mut s: S) -> Result<usize> {
+        s.write_slice(&self.to_bytes()[..])?;
+        Ok(32)
     }
 }
 
 impl Decodable for Coin {
-    fn decode<D: io::Read>(d: D) -> Result<Self> {
-        Ok(Self {
-            repr: Decodable::decode(d)?,
-        })
+    fn decode<D: io::Read>(mut d: D) -> Result<Self> {
+        let mut bytes = [0u8; 32];
+        d.read_slice(&mut bytes)?;
+        let result = Self::from_bytes(&bytes);
+        Ok(result)
     }
 }

src/crypto/constants.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+pub mod fixed_bases;
+pub mod sinsemilla;
+pub mod util;
+
+pub use fixed_bases::OrchardFixedBases;
+
+pub const DRK_SCHNORR_DOMAIN: &[u8] = b"DarkFi_Schnorr";
+
+pub const MERKLE_DEPTH_ORCHARD: usize = 32;
+
+pub const L_ORCHARD_MERKLE: usize = 255;

src/crypto/constants/fixed_bases.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,214 @@
+use arrayvec::ArrayVec;
+use halo2_gadgets::ecc::{
+    chip::{compute_lagrange_coeffs, NUM_WINDOWS, NUM_WINDOWS_SHORT},
+    FixedPoints, H,
+};
+use pasta_curves::pallas;
+use pasta_curves::{
+    arithmetic::{CurveAffine, Field, FieldExt},
+    group::Curve,
+};
+
+pub mod commit_ivk_r;
+pub mod note_commit_r;
+pub mod nullifier_k;
+pub mod spend_auth_g;
+pub mod value_commit_r;
+pub mod value_commit_v;
+
+/// SWU hash-to-curve personalization for the value commitment generator
+pub const VALUE_COMMITMENT_PERSONALIZATION: &str = "z.cash:Orchard-cv";
+
+/// SWU hash-to-curve value for the value commitment generator
+pub const VALUE_COMMITMENT_R_BYTES: [u8; 1] = *b"r";
+
+/// SWU hash-to-curve value for the value commitment generator
+pub const VALUE_COMMITMENT_V_BYTES: [u8; 1] = *b"v";
+
+/// SWU hash-to-curve personalization for the note commitment generator
+pub const NOTE_COMMITMENT_PERSONALIZATION: &str = "z.cash:Orchard-NoteCommit";
+
+/// SWU hash-to-curve personalization for the IVK commitment generator
+pub const COMMIT_IVK_PERSONALIZATION: &str = "z.cash:Orchard-CommitIvk";
+
+/// SWU hash-to-curve personalization for the spending key base point and
+/// the nullifier base point K^Orchard
+pub const ORCHARD_PERSONALIZATION: &str = "z.cash:Orchard";
+
+/// Window size for fixed-base scalar multiplication
+pub const FIXED_BASE_WINDOW_SIZE: usize = 3;
+
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]
+pub enum OrchardFixedBases {
+    CommitIvkR,
+    NoteCommitR,
+    ValueCommitR,
+    SpendAuthG,
+    NullifierK,
+    ValueCommitV,
+}
+
+impl FixedPoints<pallas::Affine> for OrchardFixedBases {
+    fn generator(&self) -> pallas::Affine {
+        match self {
+            OrchardFixedBases::CommitIvkR => commit_ivk_r::generator(),
+            OrchardFixedBases::NoteCommitR => note_commit_r::generator(),
+            OrchardFixedBases::ValueCommitR => value_commit_r::generator(),
+            OrchardFixedBases::SpendAuthG => spend_auth_g::generator(),
+            OrchardFixedBases::NullifierK => nullifier_k::generator(),
+            OrchardFixedBases::ValueCommitV => value_commit_v::generator(),
+        }
+    }
+    fn u(&self) -> Vec<[[u8; 32]; H]> {
+        match self {
+            OrchardFixedBases::CommitIvkR => commit_ivk_r::U.to_vec(),
+            OrchardFixedBases::NoteCommitR => note_commit_r::U.to_vec(),
+            OrchardFixedBases::ValueCommitR => value_commit_r::U.to_vec(),
+            OrchardFixedBases::SpendAuthG => spend_auth_g::U.to_vec(),
+            OrchardFixedBases::NullifierK => nullifier_k::U.to_vec(),
+            OrchardFixedBases::ValueCommitV => value_commit_v::U_SHORT.to_vec(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn z(&self) -> Vec<u64> {
+        match self {
+            OrchardFixedBases::CommitIvkR => commit_ivk_r::Z.to_vec(),
+            OrchardFixedBases::NoteCommitR => note_commit_r::Z.to_vec(),
+            OrchardFixedBases::ValueCommitR => value_commit_r::Z.to_vec(),
+            OrchardFixedBases::SpendAuthG => spend_auth_g::Z.to_vec(),
+            OrchardFixedBases::NullifierK => nullifier_k::Z.to_vec(),
+            OrchardFixedBases::ValueCommitV => value_commit_v::Z_SHORT.to_vec(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn lagrange_coeffs(&self) -> Vec<[pallas::Base; H]> {
+        match self {
+            OrchardFixedBases::ValueCommitV => {
+                compute_lagrange_coeffs(self.generator(), NUM_WINDOWS_SHORT)
+            }
+            _ => compute_lagrange_coeffs(self.generator(), NUM_WINDOWS),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// For each fixed base, we calculate its scalar multiples in three-bit windows.
+/// Each window will have $2^3 = 8$ points.
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+fn compute_window_table<C: CurveAffine>(base: C, num_windows: usize) -> Vec<[C; H]> {
+    let mut window_table: Vec<[C; H]> = Vec::with_capacity(num_windows);
+
+    // Generate window table entries for all windows but the last.
+    // For these first `num_windows - 1` windows, we compute the multiple [(k+2)*(2^3)^w]B.
+    // Here, w ranges from [0..`num_windows - 1`)
+    for w in 0..(num_windows - 1) {
+        window_table.push(
+            (0..H)
+                .map(|k| {
+                    // scalar = (k+2)*(8^w)
+                    let scalar = C::ScalarExt::from_u64(k as u64 + 2)
+                        * C::ScalarExt::from_u64(H as u64).pow(&[w as u64, 0, 0, 0]);
+                    (base * scalar).to_affine()
+                })
+                .collect::<ArrayVec<C, H>>()
+                .into_inner()
+                .unwrap(),
+        );
+    }
+
+    // Generate window table entries for the last window, w = `num_windows - 1`.
+    // For the last window, we compute [k * (2^3)^w - sum]B, where sum is defined
+    // as sum = \sum_{j = 0}^{`num_windows - 2`} 2^{3j+1}
+    let sum = (0..(num_windows - 1)).fold(C::ScalarExt::zero(), |acc, j| {
+        acc + C::ScalarExt::from_u64(2).pow(&[
+            FIXED_BASE_WINDOW_SIZE as u64 * j as u64 + 1,
+            0,
+            0,
+            0,
+        ])
+    });
+    window_table.push(
+        (0..H)
+            .map(|k| {
+                // scalar = k * (2^3)^w - sum, where w = `num_windows - 1`
+                let scalar = C::ScalarExt::from_u64(k as u64)
+                    * C::ScalarExt::from_u64(H as u64).pow(&[(num_windows - 1) as u64, 0, 0, 0])
+                    - sum;
+                (base * scalar).to_affine()
+            })
+            .collect::<ArrayVec<C, H>>()
+            .into_inner()
+            .unwrap(),
+    );
+
+    window_table
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+// Test that Lagrange interpolation coefficients reproduce the correct x-coordinate
+// for each fixed-base multiple in each window.
+fn test_lagrange_coeffs<C: CurveAffine>(base: C, num_windows: usize) {
+    let lagrange_coeffs = compute_lagrange_coeffs(base, num_windows);
+
+    // Check first 84 windows, i.e. `k_0, k_1, ..., k_83`
+    for (idx, coeffs) in lagrange_coeffs[0..(num_windows - 1)].iter().enumerate() {
+        // Test each three-bit chunk in this window.
+        for bits in 0..(1 << FIXED_BASE_WINDOW_SIZE) {
+            {
+                // Interpolate the x-coordinate using this window's coefficients
+                let interpolated_x = super::util::evaluate::<C>(bits, coeffs);
+
+                // Compute the actual x-coordinate of the multiple [(k+2)*(8^w)]B.
+                let point = base
+                    * C::Scalar::from_u64(bits as u64 + 2)
+                    * C::Scalar::from_u64(H as u64).pow(&[idx as u64, 0, 0, 0]);
+                let x = *point.to_affine().coordinates().unwrap().x();
+
+                // Check that the interpolated x-coordinate matches the actual one.
+                assert_eq!(x, interpolated_x);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Check last window.
+    for bits in 0..(1 << FIXED_BASE_WINDOW_SIZE) {
+        // Interpolate the x-coordinate using the last window's coefficients
+        let interpolated_x = super::util::evaluate::<C>(bits, &lagrange_coeffs[num_windows - 1]);
+
+        // Compute the actual x-coordinate of the multiple [k * (8^84) - offset]B,
+        // where offset = \sum_{j = 0}^{83} 2^{3j+1}
+        let offset = (0..(num_windows - 1)).fold(C::Scalar::zero(), |acc, w| {
+            acc + C::Scalar::from_u64(2).pow(&[
+                FIXED_BASE_WINDOW_SIZE as u64 * w as u64 + 1,
+                0,
+                0,
+                0,
+            ])
+        });
+        let scalar = C::Scalar::from_u64(bits as u64)
+            * C::Scalar::from_u64(H as u64).pow(&[(num_windows - 1) as u64, 0, 0, 0])
+            - offset;
+        let point = base * scalar;
+        let x = *point.to_affine().coordinates().unwrap().x();
+
+        // Check that the interpolated x-coordinate matches the actual one.
+        assert_eq!(x, interpolated_x);
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+// Test that the z-values and u-values satisfy the conditions:
+//      1. z + y = u^2,
+//      2. z - y is not a square
+// for the y-coordinate of each fixed-base multiple in each window.
+fn test_zs_and_us<C: CurveAffine>(base: C, z: &[u64], u: &[[[u8; 32]; H]], num_windows: usize) {
+    let window_table = compute_window_table(base, num_windows);
+
+    for ((u, z), window_points) in u.iter().zip(z.iter()).zip(window_table) {
+        for (u, point) in u.iter().zip(window_points.iter()) {
+            let y = *point.coordinates().unwrap().y();
+            let u = C::Base::from_bytes(u).unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(C::Base::from_u64(*z) + y, u * u); // allow either square root
+            assert!(bool::from((C::Base::from_u64(*z) - y).sqrt().is_none()));
+        }
+    }
+}

src/crypto/constants/fixed_bases/commit_ivk_r.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,2965 @@
+use pasta_curves::{
+    arithmetic::{CurveAffine, FieldExt},
+    pallas,
+};
+
+/// Generator used in SinsemillaCommit randomness for IVK commitment
+pub const GENERATOR: ([u8; 32], [u8; 32]) = (
+    [
+        24, 161, 248, 95, 110, 72, 35, 152, 199, 237, 26, 211, 226, 127, 149, 2, 72, 137, 128, 64,
+        10, 41, 52, 22, 78, 19, 112, 80, 205, 44, 162, 37,
+    ],
+    [
+        169, 221, 127, 227, 179, 147, 231, 63, 199, 166, 88, 27, 251, 66, 68, 107, 148, 87, 75, 40,
+        196, 144, 200, 194, 235, 250, 162, 102, 153, 210, 207, 41,
+    ],
+);
+
+/// Full-width z-values for GENERATOR
+pub const Z: [u64; super::NUM_WINDOWS] = [
+    18172, 17390, 61749, 65182, 33835, 155942, 26189, 52444, 40096, 139582, 99218, 20669, 291337,
+    12465, 132211, 75527, 68003, 95835, 237325, 21348, 35494, 215451, 49456, 6332, 99036, 224845,
+    25324, 23649, 83567, 20531, 9280, 72505, 136089, 21180, 132741, 32676, 18421, 107173, 45630,
+    24851, 53914, 156083, 104170, 103364, 25728, 9482, 140699, 42185, 285585, 342, 78646, 326807,
+    68908, 10376, 335378, 138003, 41031, 105432, 37682, 15886, 9325, 42470, 27439, 11884, 13979,
+    214340, 53073, 76228, 67906, 44696, 178502, 130216, 4242, 142464, 211101, 13210, 66616, 103624,
+    7870, 143575, 13058, 27070, 30734, 41157, 2955,
+];
+
+/// Full-width u-values for GENERATOR
+pub const U: [[[u8; 32]; super::H]; super::NUM_WINDOWS] = [
+    [
+        [
+            38, 43, 235, 53, 200, 116, 153, 194, 47, 92, 18, 54, 194, 221, 170, 155, 205, 143, 92,
+            174, 249, 178, 182, 216, 217, 200, 148, 84, 184, 201, 111, 24,
+        ],
+        [
+            57, 210, 96, 16, 151, 52, 218, 250, 249, 5, 128, 232, 65, 231, 239, 167, 102, 8, 198,
+            79, 116, 245, 42, 45, 237, 3, 166, 7, 179, 115, 76, 47,
+        ],
+        [
+            148, 246, 234, 157, 72, 45, 221, 176, 144, 235, 23, 51, 13, 230, 80, 196, 122, 188, 56,
+            231, 230, 193, 9, 121, 49, 208, 79, 184, 14, 56, 178, 28,
+        ],
+        [
+            139, 148, 48, 95, 182, 176, 253, 110, 107, 242, 54, 21, 66, 103, 169, 9, 207, 182, 149,
+            92, 151, 154, 80, 129, 107, 53, 158, 194, 114, 17, 67, 9,
+        ],
+        [
+            194, 138, 153, 65, 192, 221, 4, 110, 115, 182, 50, 98, 165, 161, 49, 119, 63, 24, 149,
+            79, 48, 173, 90, 248, 95, 228, 20, 248, 76, 46, 207, 2,
+        ],
+        [
+            16, 137, 162, 110, 105, 192, 29, 133, 191, 64, 219, 94, 186, 194, 0, 7, 173, 221, 156,
+            4, 123, 86, 65, 138, 26, 16, 223, 218, 186, 247, 121, 47,
+        ],
+        [
+            247, 8, 62, 207, 128, 127, 80, 169, 185, 32, 34, 54, 198, 4, 121, 42, 44, 173, 233,
+            161, 24, 123, 170, 24, 37, 186, 147, 80, 34, 6, 65, 9,
+        ],
+        [
+            184, 197, 131, 138, 111, 145, 67, 140, 183, 100, 227, 73, 20, 230, 2, 163, 56, 202, 35,
+            231, 166, 47, 139, 177, 79, 128, 79, 50, 69, 94, 128, 11,
+        ],
+    ],
+    [
+        [
+            228, 55, 222, 252, 163, 143, 71, 34, 215, 169, 224, 143, 57, 193, 87, 79, 96, 233, 88,
+            62, 140, 245, 144, 229, 235, 154, 159, 134, 176, 74, 10, 13,
+        ],
+        [
+            203, 65, 45, 88, 76, 0, 165, 247, 212, 123, 12, 178, 115, 129, 81, 211, 5, 234, 61,
+            193, 134, 73, 14, 55, 219, 239, 40, 178, 81, 127, 137, 47,
+        ],
+        [
+            118, 42, 192, 222, 58, 225, 233, 65, 254, 82, 102, 94, 121, 192, 112, 149, 5, 80, 129,
+            239, 214, 4, 25, 194, 238, 75, 208, 226, 21, 125, 139, 21,
+        ],
+        [
+            12, 65, 189, 92, 187, 162, 133, 145, 218, 177, 133, 115, 1, 196, 23, 21, 197, 179, 85,
+            84, 108, 33, 144, 51, 214, 196, 130, 16, 7, 67, 46, 10,
+        ],
+        [
+            194, 202, 169, 139, 155, 118, 15, 169, 51, 217, 118, 205, 203, 108, 45, 37, 73, 184,
+            203, 217, 143, 127, 54, 171, 255, 88, 9, 116, 206, 71, 209, 47,
+        ],
+        [
+            15, 52, 133, 149, 237, 80, 61, 200, 227, 82, 203, 228, 135, 59, 240, 163, 219, 1, 185,
+            17, 13, 248, 85, 164, 159, 169, 73, 215, 117, 212, 30, 40,
+        ],
+        [
+            30, 200, 206, 82, 181, 95, 234, 33, 234, 33, 165, 40, 175, 71, 221, 104, 194, 48, 80,
+            67, 53, 13, 117, 131, 33, 22, 81, 190, 171, 25, 115, 24,
+        ],
+        [
+            163, 65, 127, 103, 209, 178, 109, 122, 8, 2, 239, 83, 7, 176, 66, 181, 240, 17, 213,
+            28, 162, 225, 177, 182, 94, 255, 64, 60, 88, 209, 168, 15,
+        ],
+    ],
+    [
+        [
+            201, 133, 116, 99, 229, 230, 38, 216, 86, 54, 178, 27, 247, 159, 97, 189, 201, 167, 43,
+            60, 241, 97, 140, 243, 94, 64, 91, 28, 229, 55, 135, 52,
+        ],
+        [
+            113, 170, 86, 193, 75, 222, 86, 137, 7, 231, 101, 244, 158, 115, 245, 209, 214, 66,
+            163, 228, 218, 85, 56, 43, 164, 132, 221, 237, 72, 184, 91, 37,
+        ],
+        [
+            131, 115, 214, 52, 233, 217, 201, 116, 101, 213, 199, 176, 74, 97, 217, 152, 232, 87,
+            103, 124, 132, 104, 134, 160, 61, 107, 131, 81, 105, 121, 76, 41,
+        ],
+        [
+            172, 44, 224, 71, 175, 155, 74, 150, 250, 191, 110, 29, 54, 146, 12, 247, 71, 51, 30,
+            163, 203, 51, 46, 255, 155, 118, 193, 185, 138, 20, 142, 10,
+        ],
+        [
+            228, 98, 86, 115, 115, 98, 150, 181, 175, 218, 75, 241, 35, 254, 191, 123, 237, 163,
+            215, 117, 6, 203, 219, 65, 245, 161, 225, 48, 67, 224, 161, 21,
+        ],
+        [
+            239, 23, 50, 140, 192, 70, 215, 235, 223, 250, 6, 174, 207, 249, 166, 70, 92, 226, 138,
+            237, 234, 146, 19, 108, 181, 80, 254, 80, 222, 78, 170, 13,
+        ],
+        [
+            105, 88, 220, 64, 178, 53, 69, 119, 203, 32, 253, 120, 201, 121, 5, 44, 163, 120, 62,
+            197, 13, 211, 222, 212, 161, 35, 191, 40, 81, 239, 98, 45,
+        ],
+        [
+            225, 167, 50, 48, 66, 64, 142, 173, 238, 171, 131, 2, 178, 131, 193, 75, 44, 33, 113,
+            143, 159, 81, 201, 165, 3, 132, 91, 69, 72, 122, 5, 34,
+        ],
+    ],
+    [
+        [
+            48, 191, 86, 130, 85, 144, 157, 35, 36, 188, 210, 224, 234, 51, 152, 200, 136, 137,
+            168, 97, 97, 189, 232, 39, 51, 165, 73, 68, 233, 37, 14, 0,
+        ],
+        [
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+        ],
+        [
+            157, 228, 177, 8, 79, 14, 148, 44, 112, 58, 0, 43, 124, 26, 238, 145, 31, 240, 212,
+            214, 50, 56, 8, 37, 162, 19, 47, 237, 128, 152, 97, 12,
+        ],
+        [
+            89, 136, 71, 53, 83, 53, 243, 10, 123, 130, 170, 24, 167, 121, 41, 40, 148, 89, 117,
+            122, 123, 30, 110, 13, 240, 219, 58, 200, 65, 26, 61, 44,
+        ],
+        [
+            156, 55, 245, 59, 198, 161, 112, 207, 14, 229, 66, 65, 138, 39, 231, 216, 200, 235, 25,
+            219, 204, 38, 32, 167, 134, 247, 41, 188, 166, 147, 85, 55,
+        ],
+    ],
+    [
+        [
+            233, 92, 75, 182, 82, 75, 137, 98, 145, 215, 248, 100, 63, 227, 162, 169, 113, 40, 221,
+            59, 2, 250, 220, 112, 132, 129, 250, 177, 8, 101, 164, 8,
+        ],
+        [
+            31, 38, 71, 251, 116, 153, 63, 32, 236, 124, 90, 46, 197, 165, 160, 131, 250, 189, 241,
+            82, 157, 233, 201, 163, 118, 11, 216, 15, 33, 90, 101, 5,
+        ],
+        [
+            82, 156, 93, 235, 57, 86, 36, 76, 10, 134, 151, 132, 254, 98, 48, 157, 111, 45, 76,
+            195, 253, 218, 46, 2, 173, 142, 75, 218, 42, 54, 73, 15,
+        ],
+        [
+            59, 182, 126, 198, 69, 64, 199, 105, 134, 90, 186, 27, 217, 143, 228, 145, 122, 150,
+            91, 236, 213, 134, 172, 191, 182, 40, 246, 159, 31, 217, 88, 27,
+        ],
+        [
+            196, 28, 79, 113, 123, 215, 117, 42, 34, 17, 152, 218, 135, 254, 95, 214, 11, 224, 139,
+            61, 142, 110, 220, 197, 153, 144, 149, 233, 74, 146, 63, 7,
+        ],
+        [
+            27, 38, 138, 60, 32, 242, 80, 37, 33, 219, 27, 181, 40, 238, 146, 248, 109, 102, 248,
+            210, 191, 96, 45, 228, 120, 76, 244, 62, 177, 201, 55, 17,
+        ],
+        [
+            81, 219, 130, 197, 159, 89, 150, 166, 78, 19, 4, 125, 2, 112, 255, 111, 2, 158, 160,
+            81, 195, 82, 139, 20, 156, 54, 0, 128, 78, 241, 177, 46,
+        ],
+        [
+            6, 236, 47, 125, 243, 52, 250, 71, 17, 75, 21, 146, 229, 56, 210, 203, 231, 210, 39,
+            170, 202, 114, 14, 199, 67, 74, 203, 97, 155, 186, 171, 20,
+        ],
+    ],
+    [
+        [
+            158, 124, 26, 65, 178, 248, 144, 218, 104, 25, 157, 123, 70, 74, 14, 224, 180, 141, 73,
+            53, 170, 128, 16, 99, 206, 127, 195, 128, 130, 243, 78, 48,
+        ],
+        [
+            36, 86, 7, 238, 107, 51, 95, 192, 105, 21, 3, 175, 244, 132, 71, 95, 176, 177, 37, 191,
+            229, 238, 174, 51, 24, 167, 55, 176, 224, 205, 82, 43,
+        ],
+        [
+            136, 128, 95, 139, 143, 114, 236, 145, 6, 225, 197, 17, 55, 175, 53, 58, 25, 247, 29,
+            140, 117, 43, 202, 117, 245, 202, 62, 46, 137, 57, 77, 9,
+        ],
+        [
+            127, 245, 39, 235, 242, 22, 144, 158, 100, 135, 219, 155, 91, 192, 73, 60, 225, 231,
+            25, 84, 215, 52, 125, 43, 20, 45, 223, 178, 108, 59, 203, 16,
+        ],
+        [
+            148, 178, 74, 27, 251, 145, 203, 17, 208, 119, 184, 84, 117, 0, 241, 206, 166, 222,
+            187, 106, 157, 202, 125, 129, 14, 89, 175, 187, 23, 159, 126, 55,
+        ],
+        [
+            114, 4, 75, 157, 83, 233, 5, 108, 158, 88, 53, 99, 8, 186, 204, 172, 120, 171, 248, 43,
+            48, 207, 38, 111, 138, 225, 143, 83, 209, 105, 105, 37,
+        ],
+        [
+            92, 59, 72, 113, 151, 252, 46, 138, 65, 212, 75, 197, 200, 119, 255, 6, 66, 114, 189,
+            247, 23, 249, 124, 92, 47, 173, 213, 55, 128, 69, 145, 0,
+        ],
+        [
+            22, 114, 108, 240, 146, 117, 172, 126, 46, 221, 36, 250, 171, 77, 187, 18, 38, 212,
+            212, 52, 42, 251, 64, 90, 240, 227, 253, 15, 18, 125, 168, 1,
+        ],
+    ],
+    [
+        [
+            186, 129, 70, 211, 209, 123, 234, 4, 142, 210, 52, 75, 0, 165, 181, 253, 213, 180, 1,
+            26, 175, 236, 137, 95, 51, 205, 8, 153, 161, 113, 70, 48,
+        ],
+        [
+            211, 79, 54, 21, 140, 133, 28, 234, 69, 33, 148, 67, 237, 83, 252, 208, 124, 149, 83,
+            176, 134, 112, 148, 157, 239, 4, 185, 88, 111, 40, 62, 7,
+        ],
+        [
+            180, 162, 213, 99, 227, 21, 244, 143, 151, 86, 246, 138, 9, 110, 92, 15, 219, 95, 149,
+            64, 82, 58, 85, 201, 2, 168, 105, 198, 252, 15, 21, 33,
+        ],
+        [
+            238, 242, 147, 203, 56, 47, 195, 175, 121, 150, 66, 19, 29, 125, 247, 37, 225, 233,
+            248, 120, 250, 40, 194, 36, 124, 245, 20, 70, 213, 211, 179, 27,
+        ],
+        [
+            242, 105, 72, 107, 136, 229, 105, 29, 230, 84, 124, 18, 45, 141, 155, 6, 97, 175, 95,
+            95, 0, 4, 19, 166, 109, 241, 230, 239, 164, 149, 186, 52,
+        ],
+        [
+            1, 82, 33, 143, 210, 61, 135, 113, 67, 115, 94, 12, 152, 184, 122, 63, 9, 113, 248, 26,
+            121, 49, 198, 28, 239, 249, 37, 44, 227, 142, 11, 63,
+        ],
+        [
+            141, 102, 219, 141, 89, 219, 109, 104, 45, 114, 10, 166, 184, 102, 70, 195, 113, 68,
+            13, 96, 100, 28, 99, 64, 139, 172, 150, 189, 54, 35, 5, 16,
+        ],
+        [
+            226, 23, 65, 200, 163, 177, 166, 155, 32, 24, 126, 141, 136, 199, 29, 214, 185, 111,
+            48, 116, 38, 107, 66, 40, 42, 151, 106, 247, 65, 198, 12, 18,
+        ],
+    ],
+    [
+        [
+            11, 57, 245, 10, 120, 212, 154, 224, 122, 18, 200, 9, 192, 66, 247, 130, 124, 226, 39,
+            100, 91, 114, 249, 21, 221, 158, 71, 64, 87, 180, 147, 61,
+        ],
+        [
+            37, 54, 176, 141, 253, 46, 101, 178, 149, 5, 94, 50, 150, 19, 8, 243, 238, 54, 66, 215,
+            149, 62, 233, 236, 150, 146, 115, 42, 56, 15, 139, 52,
+        ],
+        [
+            54, 70, 131, 252, 109, 145, 35, 237, 41, 156, 62, 251, 130, 172, 131, 215, 50, 13, 168,
+            3, 149, 189, 158, 245, 40, 211, 35, 247, 190, 218, 68, 31,
+        ],
+        [
+            97, 18, 186, 126, 155, 90, 103, 122, 159, 64, 119, 250, 254, 3, 125, 97, 78, 132, 97,
+            20, 24, 36, 13, 6, 160, 106, 10, 38, 137, 196, 82, 59,
+        ],
+        [
+            83, 183, 38, 131, 224, 55, 36, 131, 250, 50, 98, 62, 53, 31, 186, 3, 59, 193, 44, 178,
+            167, 60, 7, 31, 17, 197, 225, 87, 77, 201, 175, 50,
+        ],
+        [
+            166, 65, 53, 61, 2, 156, 230, 20, 187, 218, 252, 134, 254, 199, 189, 164, 61, 159, 23,
+            37, 253, 230, 212, 38, 189, 174, 98, 199, 120, 113, 184, 46,
+        ],
+        [
+            38, 212, 175, 135, 83, 126, 242, 192, 211, 177, 211, 133, 235, 210, 36, 196, 46, 174,
+            42, 9, 38, 72, 180, 212, 25, 76, 60, 244, 160, 252, 226, 52,
+        ],
+        [
+            9, 186, 189, 28, 93, 244, 73, 59, 139, 98, 224, 159, 137, 187, 244, 145, 248, 78, 122,
+            176, 76, 77, 126, 35, 71, 70, 152, 33, 154, 40, 47, 8,
+        ],
+    ],
+    [
+        [
+            94, 74, 53, 248, 123, 40, 164, 191, 101, 131, 134, 77, 92, 11, 113, 23, 119, 101, 67,
+            184, 14, 138, 91, 152, 10, 50, 206, 226, 114, 50, 153, 38,
+        ],
+        [
+            70, 24, 160, 108, 135, 70, 121, 130, 110, 115, 249, 98, 163, 92, 182, 121, 140, 170,
+            43, 109, 119, 200, 93, 198, 144, 155, 40, 165, 116, 110, 83, 59,
+        ],
+        [
+            13, 111, 207, 211, 162, 206, 0, 87, 64, 221, 186, 206, 200, 25, 249, 40, 163, 157, 217,
+            108, 151, 40, 35, 149, 112, 144, 3, 223, 7, 239, 84, 27,
+        ],
+        [
+            123, 7, 143, 59, 246, 209, 168, 75, 236, 100, 37, 50, 57, 242, 6, 74, 175, 206, 53,
+            213, 100, 11, 124, 103, 34, 250, 34, 134, 171, 72, 96, 26,
+        ],
+        [
+            60, 211, 255, 163, 224, 254, 242, 177, 84, 221, 102, 62, 71, 95, 142, 146, 101, 6, 167,
+            153, 65, 139, 49, 248, 206, 27, 116, 138, 191, 104, 173, 61,
+        ],
+        [
+            117, 248, 184, 111, 92, 89, 176, 208, 186, 103, 174, 104, 91, 39, 254, 211, 76, 235,
+            186, 171, 140, 209, 163, 40, 128, 223, 238, 208, 174, 221, 7, 32,
+        ],
+        [
+            15, 175, 163, 23, 221, 182, 136, 48, 98, 253, 118, 47, 232, 19, 69, 81, 113, 107, 230,
+            69, 64, 87, 123, 226, 59, 240, 192, 34, 182, 24, 75, 54,
+        ],
+        [
+            200, 246, 135, 47, 106, 173, 187, 66, 101, 71, 151, 84, 100, 193, 113, 156, 71, 60,
+            224, 247, 238, 27, 214, 105, 25, 8, 215, 175, 211, 72, 152, 50,
+        ],
+    ],
+    [
+        [
+            11, 177, 54, 174, 134, 45, 96, 29, 9, 32, 202, 41, 30, 87, 38, 235, 103, 175, 59, 65,
+            34, 62, 230, 27, 51, 229, 143, 20, 250, 88, 49, 13,
+        ],
+        [
+            87, 251, 224, 97, 90, 123, 60, 173, 91, 250, 215, 196, 210, 111, 58, 198, 29, 127, 17,
+            192, 116, 130, 106, 223, 111, 179, 160, 19, 165, 77, 156, 35,
+        ],
+        [
+            228, 124, 114, 35, 183, 22, 90, 239, 18, 23, 66, 210, 98, 54, 229, 152, 173, 58, 197,
+            212, 179, 59, 46, 118, 71, 8, 205, 134, 221, 142, 49, 36,
+        ],
+        [
+            97, 172, 167, 10, 48, 141, 55, 10, 206, 107, 10, 234, 141, 228, 243, 71, 219, 231, 255,
+            127, 65, 87, 122, 172, 51, 255, 202, 73, 57, 233, 54, 56,
+        ],
+        [
+            218, 201, 81, 10, 208, 235, 255, 195, 207, 199, 247, 55, 152, 186, 219, 173, 46, 254,
+            116, 54, 25, 159, 121, 178, 6, 197, 64, 24, 165, 163, 254, 27,
+        ],
+        [
+            199, 51, 104, 153, 21, 83, 213, 132, 151, 210, 221, 160, 191, 61, 32, 39, 116, 202,
+            190, 68, 168, 8, 206, 34, 76, 101, 91, 56, 234, 195, 177, 36,
+        ],
+        [
+            200, 156, 175, 110, 211, 162, 86, 81, 86, 181, 99, 37, 39, 70, 77, 2, 181, 145, 157,
+            169, 145, 213, 47, 162, 60, 26, 123, 27, 69, 95, 111, 43,
+        ],
+        [
+            30, 40, 191, 205, 195, 141, 30, 180, 227, 90, 168, 109, 254, 194, 197, 47, 47, 158,
+            151, 92, 119, 93, 22, 48, 71, 132, 50, 156, 11, 56, 60, 24,
+        ],
+    ],
+    [
+        [
+            97, 236, 10, 82, 54, 165, 11, 222, 119, 226, 142, 250, 85, 73, 71, 5, 130, 185, 152,
+            10, 38, 191, 159, 228, 39, 47, 7, 123, 206, 29, 63, 38,
+        ],
+        [
+            63, 93, 78, 222, 254, 85, 222, 188, 119, 75, 202, 250, 75, 37, 247, 183, 250, 248, 44,
+            137, 207, 242, 186, 236, 175, 255, 203, 108, 22, 25, 86, 3,
+        ],
+        [
+            66, 175, 216, 225, 118, 129, 106, 102, 143, 170, 241, 201, 21, 1, 14, 89, 249, 49, 143,
+            24, 17, 12, 166, 116, 29, 109, 134, 183, 99, 174, 81, 37,
+        ],
+        [
+            197, 95, 177, 171, 196, 1, 233, 30, 98, 64, 186, 21, 34, 102, 54, 128, 110, 217, 3, 49,
+            99, 164, 192, 114, 104, 45, 7, 144, 94, 62, 16, 61,
+        ],
+        [
+            98, 86, 153, 20, 228, 157, 201, 70, 53, 155, 58, 84, 87, 140, 55, 16, 52, 29, 87, 106,
+            98, 147, 35, 71, 160, 18, 82, 216, 95, 244, 124, 45,
+        ],
+        [
+            242, 37, 85, 138, 93, 10, 117, 237, 63, 244, 73, 17, 187, 70, 150, 137, 148, 180, 139,
+            39, 229, 169, 1, 46, 243, 136, 170, 65, 51, 64, 34, 8,
+        ],
+        [
+            106, 96, 176, 162, 206, 47, 28, 119, 20, 102, 105, 144, 240, 117, 54, 120, 21, 220, 87,
+            50, 191, 53, 87, 35, 135, 229, 145, 33, 96, 101, 129, 38,
+        ],
+        [
+            166, 50, 224, 123, 255, 237, 250, 219, 171, 90, 189, 230, 77, 15, 184, 248, 42, 245,
+            240, 71, 209, 160, 244, 146, 72, 164, 139, 171, 242, 118, 62, 26,
+        ],
+    ],
+    [
+        [
+            176, 240, 195, 230, 203, 40, 73, 83, 30, 77, 37, 58, 215, 19, 113, 147, 218, 57, 68,
+            214, 129, 183, 139, 254, 131, 136, 216, 77, 185, 153, 140, 12,
+        ],
+        [
+            174, 253, 75, 3, 63, 87, 254, 53, 165, 243, 14, 41, 65, 7, 178, 91, 20, 111, 153, 155,
+            23, 89, 87, 37, 105, 23, 204, 147, 189, 113, 94, 2,
+        ],
+        [
+            218, 122, 7, 174, 69, 151, 16, 100, 230, 16, 187, 104, 238, 221, 124, 137, 157, 148,
+            222, 48, 86, 3, 71, 115, 64, 244, 81, 206, 205, 128, 41, 38,
+        ],
+        [
+            105, 132, 64, 84, 221, 69, 102, 124, 171, 223, 164, 67, 156, 97, 234, 192, 157, 110,
+            215, 207, 127, 75, 159, 90, 243, 153, 13, 168, 51, 78, 121, 21,
+        ],
+        [
+            124, 100, 211, 110, 134, 174, 177, 107, 84, 71, 156, 178, 27, 156, 130, 141, 190, 112,
+            114, 107, 8, 10, 227, 230, 169, 165, 46, 162, 126, 47, 219, 21,
+        ],
+        [
+            174, 109, 63, 1, 208, 183, 47, 213, 241, 116, 48, 79, 112, 250, 39, 77, 205, 232, 183,
+            125, 65, 147, 180, 37, 118, 143, 209, 157, 0, 165, 131, 35,
+        ],
+        [
+            171, 239, 114, 71, 235, 47, 49, 6, 184, 165, 133, 4, 30, 222, 236, 244, 145, 233, 148,
+            50, 228, 226, 223, 139, 224, 213, 38, 123, 117, 85, 230, 42,
+        ],
+        [
+            153, 172, 236, 117, 32, 68, 60, 120, 241, 40, 227, 98, 64, 137, 114, 1, 21, 216, 57,
+            244, 116, 137, 172, 13, 181, 160, 230, 67, 60, 188, 218, 58,
+        ],
+    ],
+];
+
+pub fn generator() -> pallas::Affine {
+    pallas::Affine::from_xy(
+        pallas::Base::from_bytes(&GENERATOR.0).unwrap(),
+        pallas::Base::from_bytes(&GENERATOR.1).unwrap(),
+    )
+    .unwrap()
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::super::{
+        test_lagrange_coeffs, test_zs_and_us, COMMIT_IVK_PERSONALIZATION, NUM_WINDOWS,
+    };
+    use super::*;
+    use group::Curve;
+    use halo2_gadgets::primitives::sinsemilla::CommitDomain;
+    use pasta_curves::{
+        arithmetic::{CurveAffine, FieldExt},
+        pallas,
+    };
+
+    #[test]
+    fn generator() {
+        let domain = CommitDomain::new(COMMIT_IVK_PERSONALIZATION);
+        let point = domain.R();
+        let coords = point.to_affine().coordinates().unwrap();
+
+        assert_eq!(*coords.x(), pallas::Base::from_bytes(&GENERATOR.0).unwrap());
+        assert_eq!(*coords.y(), pallas::Base::from_bytes(&GENERATOR.1).unwrap());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn lagrange_coeffs() {
+        let base = super::generator();
+        test_lagrange_coeffs(base, NUM_WINDOWS);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn z() {
+        let base = super::generator();
+        test_zs_and_us(base, &Z, &U, NUM_WINDOWS);
+    }
+}

src/crypto/constants/fixed_bases/note_commit_r.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,2965 @@
+use pasta_curves::{
+    arithmetic::{CurveAffine, FieldExt},
+    pallas,
+};
+
+/// Generator used in SinsemillaCommit randomness for note commitment
+pub const GENERATOR: ([u8; 32], [u8; 32]) = (
+    [
+        19, 110, 252, 15, 72, 44, 2, 44, 124, 164, 20, 252, 92, 197, 158, 35, 242, 61, 111, 147,
+        171, 159, 35, 205, 51, 69, 169, 40, 195, 6, 178, 38,
+    ],
+    [
+        227, 55, 207, 34, 198, 83, 65, 195, 246, 220, 224, 35, 120, 192, 199, 121, 198, 225, 102,
+        35, 47, 26, 84, 169, 76, 192, 109, 104, 75, 86, 222, 60,
+    ],
+);
+
+/// Full-width z-values for GENERATOR
+pub const Z: [u64; super::NUM_WINDOWS] = [
+    253356, 149209, 114903, 10575, 6973, 30969, 55415, 206450, 18453, 24528, 13099, 213949, 29959,
+    49929, 80867, 17465, 43715, 80241, 55983, 132629, 66101, 24136, 31372, 107975, 161748, 24107,
+    72184, 9338, 232543, 13519, 33536, 32530, 130885, 41578, 18166, 91947, 59796, 35560, 5631,
+    158600, 24695, 42654, 138331, 11268, 54733, 92869, 33770, 169166, 94853, 7006, 117687, 8073,
+    11865, 15349, 186445, 7696, 25167, 30146, 277659, 53921, 19594, 41306, 30172, 8124, 46133,
+    38659, 61965, 92134, 43958, 86662, 2047, 3542, 20976, 7411, 53574, 38271, 48233, 65338, 30516,
+    41201, 40964, 8563, 36035, 6334, 176,
+];
+
+/// Full-width u-values for GENERATOR
+pub const U: [[[u8; 32]; super::H]; super::NUM_WINDOWS] = [
+    [
+        [
+            114, 245, 9, 0, 5, 43, 7, 118, 244, 43, 15, 200, 116, 210, 0, 24, 161, 28, 185, 152,
+            216, 107, 69, 189, 146, 74, 72, 71, 79, 117, 226, 21,
+        ],
+        [
+            198, 234, 165, 117, 60, 32, 158, 128, 245, 251, 167, 51, 94, 222, 84, 164, 93, 252, 6,
+            172, 219, 79, 238, 23, 10, 251, 127, 190, 92, 247, 84, 7,
+        ],
+        [
+            247, 1, 1, 220, 151, 35, 250, 127, 20, 73, 141, 158, 41, 239, 31, 53, 87, 128, 115, 67,
+            105, 106, 106, 227, 24, 13, 193, 27, 11, 59, 156, 12,
+        ],
+        [
+            182, 18, 28, 164, 222, 215, 93, 217, 191, 112, 205, 228, 10, 41, 225, 115, 16, 106,
+            253, 86, 190, 158, 170, 163, 242, 182, 199, 91, 54, 66, 87, 45,
+        ],
+        [
+            85, 233, 2, 251, 58, 85, 151, 41, 171, 17, 163, 129, 14, 53, 149, 170, 49, 242, 59, 95,
+            195, 86, 152, 140, 191, 194, 135, 96, 61, 247, 224, 19,
+        ],
+        [
+            9, 26, 141, 163, 30, 34, 167, 73, 162, 45, 13, 19, 213, 4, 222, 207, 61, 172, 202, 243,
+            122, 40, 68, 21, 175, 213, 86, 213, 254, 227, 101, 15,
+        ],
+        [
+            86, 112, 227, 11, 213, 132, 173, 162, 105, 136, 218, 34, 136, 252, 237, 146, 166, 198,
+            142, 26, 59, 222, 162, 186, 51, 155, 102, 60, 62, 47, 222, 4,
+        ],
+        [
+            86, 92, 45, 23, 81, 81, 61, 194, 172, 21, 21, 83, 38, 217, 43, 44, 235, 231, 88, 89,
+            249, 41, 181, 159, 83, 22, 75, 138, 70, 126, 207, 16,
+        ],
+    ],
+    [
+        [
+            54, 21, 251, 114, 55, 147, 20, 211, 33, 240, 173, 252, 164, 174, 133, 65, 206, 140, 93,
+            20, 42, 49, 181, 104, 21, 120, 234, 196, 70, 100, 73, 42,
+        ],
+        [
+            238, 4, 102, 31, 21, 150, 35, 139, 86, 204, 115, 87, 148, 16, 158, 189, 161, 53, 20,
+            94, 238, 188, 243, 68, 91, 3, 117, 235, 245, 98, 110, 2,
+        ],
+        [
+            71, 0, 3, 234, 114, 242, 86, 47, 159, 35, 98, 250, 218, 203, 192, 75, 15, 24, 202, 7,
+            142, 99, 58, 79, 13, 158, 200, 188, 138, 62, 146, 46,
+        ],
+        [
+            110, 160, 81, 239, 206, 110, 48, 235, 48, 53, 5, 146, 193, 225, 227, 102, 163, 114,
+            159, 188, 166, 215, 24, 17, 124, 185, 233, 142, 97, 16, 247, 53,
+        ],
+        [
+            5, 74, 101, 186, 155, 171, 161, 12, 114, 102, 185, 130, 202, 125, 97, 157, 214, 109,
+            90, 55, 78, 151, 78, 233, 114, 32, 38, 167, 230, 47, 114, 43,
+        ],
+        [
+            43, 145, 156, 91, 52, 42, 252, 255, 165, 106, 190, 113, 140, 48, 74, 56, 231, 74, 233,
+            182, 111, 200, 49, 231, 139, 33, 38, 157, 185, 84, 190, 60,
+        ],
+        [
+            35, 64, 214, 183, 170, 176, 163, 222, 136, 23, 64, 62, 90, 18, 25, 78, 171, 169, 203,
+            242, 161, 64, 191, 204, 85, 79, 54, 130, 184, 99, 198, 38,
+        ],
+        [
+            6, 238, 153, 49, 156, 138, 236, 90, 155, 111, 98, 17, 43, 249, 193, 244, 33, 204, 245,
+            189, 174, 217, 152, 5, 133, 155, 139, 239, 164, 120, 180, 8,
+        ],
+    ],
+    [
+        [
+            233, 129, 153, 212, 169, 73, 235, 118, 37, 78, 183, 222, 115, 222, 111, 212, 174, 24,
+            102, 40, 189, 47, 223, 108, 201, 62, 19, 230, 93, 6, 207, 6,
+        ],
+        [
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+        ],
+        [
+            213, 68, 150, 155, 57, 103, 131, 237, 51, 253, 41, 186, 132, 242, 66, 88, 43, 204, 111,
+            137, 65, 204, 245, 92, 57, 182, 47, 87, 206, 38, 232, 56,
+        ],
+        [
+            5, 222, 1, 109, 48, 37, 104, 111, 196, 51, 129, 84, 228, 187, 45, 176, 46, 194, 26,
+            108, 193, 235, 216, 205, 73, 148, 115, 216, 187, 176, 202, 33,
+        ],
+        [
+            52, 125, 84, 43, 125, 255, 223, 79, 212, 184, 34, 97, 130, 37, 146, 155, 142, 123, 197,
+            113, 16, 190, 149, 192, 3, 69, 64, 162, 2, 247, 186, 39,
+        ],
+    ],
+    [
+        [
+            100, 246, 118, 128, 108, 93, 29, 54, 43, 222, 151, 194, 22, 167, 184, 64, 178, 30, 254,
+            104, 231, 101, 219, 176, 100, 66, 227, 21, 60, 56, 141, 30,
+        ],
+        [
+            25, 82, 5, 57, 97, 112, 70, 14, 177, 181, 80, 33, 243, 121, 214, 125, 15, 56, 54, 178,
+            173, 129, 105, 53, 204, 161, 47, 31, 104, 212, 113, 30,
+        ],
+        [
+            165, 241, 162, 162, 146, 225, 123, 214, 227, 9, 94, 232, 224, 33, 220, 126, 140, 230,
+            100, 6, 146, 206, 32, 87, 34, 226, 9, 137, 94, 24, 29, 56,
+        ],
+        [
+            210, 204, 192, 45, 111, 180, 6, 42, 143, 142, 209, 66, 70, 70, 165, 125, 177, 136, 61,
+            170, 218, 137, 47, 140, 145, 98, 97, 201, 242, 38, 159, 13,
+        ],
+        [
+            145, 131, 248, 82, 176, 63, 234, 187, 225, 244, 68, 228, 160, 221, 168, 229, 196, 111,
+            210, 249, 182, 190, 50, 110, 79, 189, 198, 201, 186, 177, 167, 22,
+        ],
+        [
+            64, 115, 113, 246, 255, 216, 234, 56, 117, 195, 120, 55, 240, 134, 160, 169, 39, 37,
+            80, 157, 183, 5, 183, 141, 102, 99, 209, 75, 179, 115, 212, 40,
+        ],
+        [
+            168, 252, 46, 212, 207, 192, 61, 237, 74, 29, 184, 78, 230, 155, 18, 104, 17, 182, 192,
+            138, 131, 165, 221, 197, 28, 227, 210, 173, 81, 160, 166, 58,
+        ],
+        [
+            77, 53, 146, 43, 89, 3, 223, 140, 112, 124, 116, 255, 250, 126, 220, 113, 46, 150, 26,
+            249, 193, 109, 169, 1, 91, 73, 98, 140, 174, 75, 63, 15,
+        ],
+    ],
+    [
+        [
+            27, 205, 44, 170, 203, 156, 219, 207, 220, 128, 50, 89, 195, 109, 65, 110, 108, 8, 55,
+            253, 180, 73, 204, 109, 234, 238, 167, 255, 123, 234, 84, 24,
+        ],
+        [
+            127, 219, 25, 52, 81, 140, 114, 75, 213, 68, 108, 1, 95, 51, 226, 118, 149, 197, 171,
+            220, 251, 33, 88, 169, 50, 122, 38, 100, 3, 102, 47, 31,
+        ],
+        [
+            116, 246, 165, 168, 166, 54, 240, 34, 61, 44, 75, 36, 18, 76, 242, 135, 212, 88, 133,
+            169, 34, 137, 102, 214, 6, 14, 5, 61, 212, 36, 247, 51,
+        ],
+        [
+            181, 3, 99, 237, 164, 47, 170, 88, 174, 148, 98, 149, 163, 57, 231, 192, 105, 214, 110,
+            164, 11, 208, 98, 230, 184, 137, 159, 127, 173, 163, 196, 36,
+        ],
+        [
+            62, 15, 190, 131, 36, 208, 162, 22, 187, 30, 242, 168, 211, 115, 26, 134, 153, 102, 79,
+            19, 117, 123, 31, 37, 200, 237, 190, 49, 222, 82, 194, 6,
+        ],
+        [
+            130, 193, 193, 11, 20, 203, 1, 24, 41, 18, 242, 33, 158, 52, 92, 183, 150, 111, 127,
+            153, 106, 13, 55, 96, 121, 87, 76, 174, 91, 50, 8, 21,
+        ],
+        [
+            25, 206, 189, 81, 111, 245, 100, 197, 220, 52, 174, 171, 137, 120, 124, 247, 234, 110,
+            216, 252, 100, 114, 82, 52, 23, 134, 212, 218, 74, 119, 94, 20,
+        ],
+        [
+            222, 24, 83, 2, 137, 110, 39, 174, 67, 16, 243, 169, 132, 178, 196, 239, 153, 218, 85,
+            165, 204, 160, 193, 202, 190, 116, 134, 156, 227, 79, 126, 31,
+        ],
+    ],
+    [
+        [
+            78, 127, 250, 132, 73, 120, 250, 80, 235, 105, 226, 127, 217, 64, 142, 70, 102, 179,
+            220, 176, 43, 150, 213, 22, 220, 27, 16, 110, 202, 206, 150, 2,
+        ],
+        [
+            59, 135, 36, 89, 92, 38, 243, 89, 157, 94, 193, 187, 36, 198, 31, 210, 144, 172, 169,
+            226, 100, 166, 162, 107, 179, 124, 242, 58, 192, 181, 120, 31,
+        ],
+        [
+            244, 226, 171, 215, 32, 82, 150, 4, 29, 112, 228, 54, 44, 49, 219, 85, 165, 229, 235,
+            179, 29, 52, 144, 132, 17, 254, 63, 120, 60, 4, 33, 28,
+        ],
+        [
+            94, 250, 234, 126, 51, 236, 214, 132, 207, 148, 71, 2, 99, 254, 12, 161, 167, 46, 79,
+            54, 232, 205, 208, 140, 236, 34, 79, 62, 195, 152, 152, 44,
+        ],
+        [
+            236, 54, 144, 91, 214, 215, 143, 43, 147, 135, 206, 43, 142, 33, 216, 123, 160, 20,
+            128, 138, 19, 57, 31, 213, 191, 145, 230, 241, 196, 67, 228, 45,
+        ],
+        [
+            209, 246, 124, 2, 205, 158, 164, 155, 232, 52, 224, 121, 49, 167, 125, 186, 64, 190,
+            110, 213, 253, 154, 230, 8, 203, 72, 208, 156, 224, 14, 26, 36,
+        ],
+        [
+            2, 163, 112, 13, 243, 117, 175, 20, 37, 74, 70, 184, 159, 43, 64, 58, 196, 60, 58, 97,
+            217, 56, 155, 232, 182, 122, 231, 235, 63, 244, 85, 54,
+        ],
+        [
+            198, 207, 127, 56, 2, 173, 97, 18, 140, 235, 98, 17, 74, 58, 229, 135, 107, 233, 107,
+            97, 101, 167, 19, 153, 50, 196, 142, 26, 74, 12, 31, 24,
+        ],
+    ],
+    [
+        [
+            27, 63, 161, 142, 183, 196, 17, 99, 100, 98, 158, 20, 142, 103, 84, 220, 11, 21, 113,
+            159, 248, 107, 32, 78, 227, 20, 95, 12, 63, 74, 188, 50,
+        ],
+        [
+            202, 124, 66, 161, 185, 74, 107, 125, 210, 209, 173, 82, 129, 191, 17, 80, 68, 23, 17,
+            109, 138, 102, 163, 219, 39, 177, 231, 178, 186, 189, 100, 41,
+        ],
+        [
+            165, 199, 235, 218, 57, 201, 68, 38, 225, 8, 202, 8, 122, 10, 9, 3, 108, 9, 192, 10,
+            77, 228, 225, 137, 192, 34, 172, 150, 3, 144, 72, 50,
+        ],
+        [
+            243, 144, 241, 83, 19, 129, 69, 136, 39, 17, 21, 64, 217, 91, 137, 38, 123, 162, 240,
+            193, 242, 181, 40, 21, 87, 126, 38, 49, 184, 28, 16, 7,
+        ],
+        [
+            238, 195, 172, 123, 53, 111, 247, 70, 103, 77, 54, 97, 229, 183, 174, 143, 101, 174,
+            158, 2, 5, 2, 30, 76, 208, 223, 129, 66, 119, 241, 118, 17,
+        ],
+        [
+            94, 251, 39, 193, 48, 215, 167, 73, 107, 136, 251, 46, 162, 178, 167, 131, 148, 160,
+            247, 72, 132, 67, 69, 217, 32, 144, 252, 60, 155, 172, 213, 11,
+        ],
+        [
+            136, 203, 58, 211, 248, 4, 150, 29, 122, 226, 157, 183, 129, 29, 48, 15, 99, 138, 246,
+            99, 67, 146, 78, 105, 219, 58, 247, 132, 205, 250, 234, 13,
+        ],
+        [
+            131, 246, 106, 110, 134, 217, 32, 180, 116, 227, 242, 87, 223, 171, 248, 156, 56, 249,
+            118, 66, 102, 195, 13, 122, 117, 15, 166, 104, 223, 110, 200, 38,
+        ],
+    ],
+    [
+        [
+            248, 41, 85, 64, 78, 103, 70, 171, 95, 20, 190, 196, 220, 19, 20, 34, 203, 240, 224,
+            22, 20, 168, 71, 249, 105, 188, 34, 115, 181, 131, 207, 26,
+        ],
+        [
+            130, 35, 15, 37, 46, 188, 165, 135, 236, 67, 238, 130, 228, 16, 12, 182, 223, 202, 150,
+            47, 130, 124, 225, 5, 183, 157, 197, 97, 133, 28, 77, 6,
+        ],
+        [
+            200, 136, 113, 135, 204, 108, 67, 234, 187, 200, 171, 194, 9, 124, 29, 232, 155, 249,
+            23, 190, 69, 94, 168, 236, 104, 122, 134, 228, 92, 98, 135, 15,
+        ],
+        [
+            40, 64, 67, 103, 146, 167, 207, 42, 161, 242, 39, 181, 77, 11, 239, 91, 33, 194, 4,
+            143, 210, 181, 34, 134, 240, 253, 73, 170, 44, 240, 204, 60,
+        ],
+        [
+            251, 77, 3, 112, 185, 64, 10, 145, 1, 112, 49, 180, 162, 46, 158, 133, 19, 73, 150,
+            189, 121, 207, 13, 244, 198, 103, 144, 22, 66, 97, 93, 20,
+        ],
+        [
+            127, 204, 42, 168, 86, 226, 173, 153, 6, 106, 143, 186, 137, 126, 128, 239, 134, 108,
+            77, 33, 189, 136, 242, 212, 142, 45, 206, 210, 159, 136, 78, 12,
+        ],
+        [
+            15, 253, 114, 72, 101, 192, 37, 62, 200, 113, 200, 20, 58, 212, 84, 36, 71, 29, 81,
+            225, 177, 24, 48, 98, 16, 4, 235, 72, 37, 79, 154, 60,
+        ],
+        [
+            153, 113, 168, 211, 229, 185, 26, 190, 217, 41, 18, 202, 163, 69, 193, 138, 93, 70, 45,
+            180, 29, 242, 126, 146, 176, 107, 25, 21, 253, 61, 191, 36,
+        ],
+    ],
+    [
+        [
+            246, 253, 20, 245, 213, 217, 176, 5, 165, 120, 172, 185, 67, 63, 124, 64, 27, 206, 210,
+            204, 46, 74, 6, 24, 213, 23, 24, 173, 66, 6, 232, 7,
+        ],
+        [
+            186, 109, 215, 209, 176, 2, 5, 129, 174, 195, 12, 193, 252, 117, 125, 60, 202, 235, 90,
+            58, 214, 95, 228, 254, 112, 219, 85, 209, 23, 135, 95, 56,
+        ],
+        [
+            148, 69, 223, 63, 194, 200, 74, 105, 138, 211, 153, 65, 156, 196, 218, 23, 227, 33,
+            197, 145, 61, 189, 254, 92, 219, 252, 232, 247, 238, 135, 155, 25,
+        ],
+        [
+            16, 74, 65, 243, 138, 145, 137, 152, 228, 22, 218, 130, 235, 43, 33, 254, 132, 238,
+            221, 161, 148, 92, 148, 30, 29, 84, 186, 39, 228, 47, 56, 44,
+        ],
+        [
+            114, 111, 3, 54, 230, 233, 73, 242, 188, 183, 225, 49, 201, 217, 39, 206, 215, 138, 72,
+            191, 187, 215, 115, 117, 156, 251, 68, 31, 186, 218, 56, 62,
+        ],
+        [
+            174, 161, 85, 223, 12, 89, 158, 140, 24, 219, 99, 174, 136, 215, 56, 209, 179, 109, 87,
+            118, 194, 55, 18, 230, 34, 87, 235, 151, 247, 40, 15, 9,
+        ],
+        [
+            188, 199, 8, 222, 231, 93, 94, 85, 25, 248, 96, 68, 134, 135, 102, 132, 189, 31, 19,
+            187, 49, 97, 47, 124, 106, 216, 69, 133, 160, 167, 141, 62,
+        ],
+        [
+            158, 55, 224, 15, 244, 146, 13, 184, 185, 172, 203, 161, 20, 202, 230, 1, 78, 165, 72,
+            73, 127, 2, 36, 55, 110, 119, 241, 238, 23, 86, 241, 23,
+        ],
+    ],
+    [
+        [
+            135, 127, 214, 177, 50, 175, 15, 156, 209, 192, 69, 139, 50, 0, 233, 92, 181, 39, 10,
+            69, 65, 8, 254, 137, 208, 22, 174, 245, 220, 39, 224, 49,
+        ],
+        [
+            89, 164, 61, 68, 166, 224, 4, 27, 209, 222, 1, 46, 57, 173, 182, 122, 135, 238, 56,
+            170, 111, 216, 230, 184, 201, 196, 196, 111, 52, 252, 149, 31,
+        ],
+        [
+            44, 67, 177, 56, 207, 234, 197, 117, 53, 180, 148, 180, 138, 63, 54, 133, 255, 80, 171,
+            53, 5, 133, 46, 157, 122, 49, 143, 26, 210, 189, 190, 56,
+        ],
+        [
+            97, 11, 237, 129, 221, 220, 1, 91, 199, 236, 87, 251, 50, 166, 242, 156, 29, 149, 195,
+            211, 215, 89, 109, 129, 216, 39, 165, 199, 238, 33, 118, 18,
+        ],
+        [
+            173, 167, 107, 119, 184, 254, 187, 104, 208, 100, 103, 46, 4, 153, 8, 135, 55, 157, 79,
+            182, 182, 244, 11, 141, 124, 43, 93, 138, 221, 251, 107, 61,
+        ],
+        [
+            35, 15, 241, 4, 169, 175, 97, 122, 64, 8, 38, 135, 20, 128, 36, 135, 7, 241, 86, 36,
+            227, 18, 58, 52, 156, 65, 251, 13, 51, 40, 1, 62,
+        ],
+        [
+            51, 214, 155, 250, 163, 83, 17, 145, 93, 141, 84, 108, 188, 234, 73, 63, 21, 220, 19,
+            70, 34, 254, 118, 13, 101, 146, 8, 159, 246, 201, 62, 9,
+        ],
+        [
+            42, 79, 34, 69, 94, 116, 129, 61, 198, 162, 167, 131, 186, 165, 197, 204, 39, 114, 19,
+            170, 141, 174, 239, 143, 233, 204, 27, 176, 172, 62, 211, 19,
+        ],
+    ],
+    [
+        [
+            11, 146, 12, 170, 203, 61, 124, 253, 186, 30, 3, 132, 3, 164, 20, 218, 152, 38, 222,
+            27, 241, 100, 118, 24, 108, 196, 164, 220, 168, 167, 65, 43,
+        ],
+        [
+            56, 137, 74, 113, 79, 61, 238, 6, 241, 48, 30, 175, 59, 105, 39, 66, 42, 235, 181, 21,
+            93, 90, 98, 121, 104, 211, 8, 30, 95, 51, 143, 17,
+        ],
+        [
+            60, 233, 97, 79, 255, 211, 206, 175, 40, 250, 215, 143, 238, 202, 102, 55, 30, 120, 62,
+            152, 92, 135, 110, 174, 8, 230, 16, 108, 211, 6, 76, 48,
+        ],
+        [
+            150, 98, 90, 96, 10, 194, 174, 119, 245, 44, 32, 222, 185, 134, 169, 110, 150, 234,
+            207, 3, 247, 241, 123, 96, 227, 44, 194, 88, 206, 67, 79, 60,
+        ],
+        [
+            231, 190, 200, 68, 220, 134, 95, 81, 234, 146, 172, 193, 126, 114, 165, 46, 10, 32,
+            188, 216, 92, 197, 110, 121, 224, 230, 85, 185, 195, 221, 182, 43,
+        ],
+        [
+            136, 228, 204, 68, 47, 198, 41, 175, 24, 45, 174, 97, 56, 168, 205, 226, 158, 67, 146,
+            78, 214, 241, 137, 115, 247, 95, 3, 43, 191, 50, 72, 8,
+        ],
+        [
+            252, 139, 167, 182, 91, 54, 101, 249, 218, 222, 216, 145, 121, 148, 42, 239, 125, 253,
+            192, 157, 169, 4, 134, 248, 242, 176, 20, 70, 253, 215, 235, 10,
+        ],
+        [
+            122, 194, 254, 40, 70, 70, 110, 39, 34, 206, 80, 159, 44, 21, 73, 57, 96, 107, 154, 37,
+            162, 44, 188, 179, 64, 145, 122, 9, 170, 208, 180, 42,
+        ],
+    ],
+    [
+        [
+            140, 93, 7, 187, 156, 138, 71, 223, 25, 250, 16, 248, 240, 31, 202, 232, 177, 222, 30,
+            229, 189, 102, 196, 144, 189, 121, 65, 16, 249, 168, 130, 42,
+        ],
+        [
+            111, 180, 120, 71, 245, 37, 82, 193, 217, 93, 132, 203, 59, 47, 30, 247, 231, 188, 194,
+            215, 197, 25, 185, 86, 89, 33, 212, 138, 138, 126, 129, 40,
+        ],
+        [
+            156, 59, 188, 165, 192, 116, 8, 175, 249, 205, 27, 121, 79, 17, 148, 80, 75, 228, 1,
+            107, 20, 121, 226, 166, 82, 171, 242, 115, 149, 163, 96, 60,
+        ],
+        [
+            45, 235, 1, 13, 44, 236, 199, 11, 58, 20, 32, 81, 144, 62, 102, 97, 31, 14, 155, 161,
+            193, 6, 141, 114, 110, 193, 54, 254, 148, 188, 62, 25,
+        ],
+        [
+            121, 92, 222, 72, 218, 89, 183, 106, 4, 64, 223, 224, 171, 98, 19, 105, 146, 15, 179,
+            92, 172, 246, 197, 249, 51, 137, 124, 218, 98, 21, 105, 15,
+        ],
+        [
+            171, 221, 122, 139, 130, 21, 237, 201, 5, 138, 198, 110, 44, 60, 79, 49, 185, 87, 190,
+            128, 122, 241, 184, 31, 77, 60, 167, 95, 209, 122, 194, 49,
+        ],
+        [
+            3, 199, 82, 229, 54, 214, 97, 104, 6, 223, 90, 80, 207, 165, 154, 190, 228, 253, 248,
+            89, 72, 20, 183, 139, 172, 180, 81, 7, 179, 47, 163, 43,
+        ],
+        [
+            23, 206, 138, 108, 6, 214, 33, 144, 242, 253, 75, 234, 133, 244, 122, 168, 41, 181,
+            167, 62, 99, 40, 18, 100, 20, 61, 142, 234, 208, 41, 17, 34,
+        ],
+    ],
+];
+
+pub fn generator() -> pallas::Affine {
+    pallas::Affine::from_xy(
+        pallas::Base::from_bytes(&GENERATOR.0).unwrap(),
+        pallas::Base::from_bytes(&GENERATOR.1).unwrap(),
+    )
+    .unwrap()
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::super::{
+        test_lagrange_coeffs, test_zs_and_us, NOTE_COMMITMENT_PERSONALIZATION, NUM_WINDOWS,
+    };
+    use super::*;
+    use group::Curve;
+    use halo2_gadgets::primitives::sinsemilla::CommitDomain;
+    use pasta_curves::{
+        arithmetic::{CurveAffine, FieldExt},
+        pallas,
+    };
+
+    #[test]
+    fn generator() {
+        let domain = CommitDomain::new(NOTE_COMMITMENT_PERSONALIZATION);
+        let point = domain.R();
+        let coords = point.to_affine().coordinates().unwrap();
+
+        assert_eq!(*coords.x(), pallas::Base::from_bytes(&GENERATOR.0).unwrap());
+        assert_eq!(*coords.y(), pallas::Base::from_bytes(&GENERATOR.1).unwrap());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn lagrange_coeffs() {
+        let base = super::generator();
+        test_lagrange_coeffs(base, NUM_WINDOWS);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn z() {
+        let base = super::generator();
+        test_zs_and_us(base, &Z, &U, NUM_WINDOWS);
+    }
+}

src/crypto/constants/fixed_bases/nullifier_k.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,2963 @@
+use pasta_curves::{
+    arithmetic::{CurveAffine, FieldExt},
+    pallas,
+};
+
+pub const GENERATOR: ([u8; 32], [u8; 32]) = (
+    [
+        117, 202, 71, 228, 167, 106, 111, 211, 155, 219, 181, 204, 146, 177, 126, 94, 207, 201,
+        244, 250, 113, 85, 55, 46, 141, 25, 168, 156, 22, 170, 231, 37,
+    ],
+    [
+        204, 1, 224, 26, 226, 220, 184, 45, 51, 180, 193, 193, 158, 164, 224, 95, 117, 255, 8, 32,
+        68, 115, 4, 136, 132, 51, 26, 27, 133, 31, 92, 21,
+    ],
+);
+
+/// Full-width z-values for GENERATOR
+pub const Z: [u64; super::NUM_WINDOWS] = [
+    34374, 173069, 40776, 220066, 45494, 37762, 5245, 11979, 33386, 238556, 128731, 12128, 89982,
+    85351, 9804, 12820, 80455, 100009, 24382, 17854, 26367, 7067, 102106, 64293, 114999, 172304,
+    36687, 11287, 66386, 41470, 182654, 12214, 36528, 16257, 26179, 15660, 106189, 211703, 12936,
+    2506, 149799, 82965, 117810, 98881, 296, 146201, 63200, 31766, 78221, 6587, 27974, 126041,
+    19927, 79339, 210060, 127148, 10109, 19815, 107452, 10296, 642, 11828, 3985, 2984, 30806,
+    12554, 1815, 19894, 16790, 33748, 12879, 1742, 30858, 118563, 26855, 75617, 10167, 17660,
+    33638, 89236, 50234, 30489, 67488, 50229, 29277,
+];
+
+/// Full-width u-values for GENERATOR
+pub const U: [[[u8; 32]; super::H]; super::NUM_WINDOWS] = [
+    [
+        [
+            8, 177, 117, 90, 104, 127, 169, 131, 254, 128, 23, 151, 181, 247, 22, 208, 55, 1, 147,
+            216, 84, 35, 129, 16, 134, 195, 231, 78, 90, 27, 48, 24,
+        ],
+        [
+            85, 52, 30, 137, 203, 92, 107, 164, 157, 0, 160, 220, 77, 151, 245, 43, 236, 219, 6,
+            127, 136, 136, 255, 80, 178, 129, 223, 223, 100, 205, 206, 60,
+        ],
+        [
+            180, 42, 81, 35, 92, 89, 115, 34, 230, 154, 57, 180, 27, 241, 82, 7, 29, 18, 87, 188,
+            15, 115, 37, 92, 226, 71, 117, 25, 58, 188, 84, 2,
+        ],
+        [
+            120, 152, 127, 75, 237, 238, 241, 80, 87, 202, 187, 80, 67, 210, 115, 228, 187, 183,
+            190, 104, 143, 201, 79, 59, 88, 235, 35, 30, 112, 142, 245, 41,
+        ],
+        [
+            137, 203, 204, 3, 111, 36, 152, 243, 202, 11, 171, 157, 74, 86, 136, 224, 134, 228, 83,
+            142, 77, 3, 87, 124, 174, 254, 51, 139, 199, 223, 108, 33,
+        ],
+        [
+            253, 61, 90, 128, 49, 47, 137, 144, 47, 195, 161, 160, 78, 225, 222, 129, 15, 194, 150,
+            16, 41, 55, 82, 238, 34, 87, 98, 170, 213, 158, 15, 50,
+        ],
+        [
+            47, 235, 116, 15, 252, 144, 163, 83, 0, 21, 138, 234, 11, 181, 189, 10, 246, 121, 216,
+            134, 47, 95, 213, 3, 238, 46, 179, 91, 217, 89, 45, 51,
+        ],
+        [
+            14, 37, 210, 28, 30, 181, 151, 46, 9, 92, 16, 9, 143, 179, 209, 165, 243, 236, 31, 73,
+            1, 41, 26, 125, 225, 42, 241, 153, 7, 72, 154, 28,
+        ],
+    ],
+    [
+        [
+            155, 23, 107, 105, 142, 88, 223, 1, 145, 75, 68, 196, 138, 223, 209, 168, 178, 183,
+            154, 186, 235, 94, 192, 81, 170, 238, 26, 126, 159, 204, 87, 18,
+        ],
+        [
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+        ],
+        [
+            198, 162, 119, 153, 73, 75, 95, 48, 9, 209, 11, 141, 127, 201, 187, 106, 244, 206, 122,
+            104, 124, 120, 171, 12, 234, 209, 27, 130, 143, 214, 21, 55,
+        ],
+        [
+            187, 102, 233, 179, 50, 210, 197, 38, 215, 193, 25, 172, 131, 167, 24, 42, 181, 204,
+            231, 27, 240, 186, 96, 154, 187, 91, 0, 202, 139, 153, 89, 22,
+        ],
+        [
+            139, 6, 212, 90, 73, 253, 231, 41, 155, 82, 25, 222, 118, 132, 114, 172, 73, 33, 16,
+            106, 255, 202, 122, 2, 32, 23, 219, 145, 34, 3, 127, 17,
+        ],
+    ],
+    [
+        [
+            15, 218, 1, 4, 47, 88, 165, 70, 251, 169, 133, 238, 213, 60, 36, 16, 38, 25, 239, 203,
+            119, 241, 177, 190, 214, 205, 67, 143, 237, 93, 65, 12,
+        ],
+        [
+            139, 246, 38, 149, 143, 160, 39, 39, 68, 154, 125, 174, 15, 68, 25, 53, 134, 207, 82,
+            209, 173, 211, 1, 232, 108, 205, 236, 153, 156, 188, 123, 49,
+        ],
+        [
+            166, 203, 125, 197, 10, 162, 54, 101, 73, 138, 132, 192, 94, 134, 184, 43, 163, 125,
+            62, 136, 192, 111, 81, 244, 96, 91, 107, 230, 39, 174, 221, 50,
+        ],
+        [
+            203, 17, 199, 92, 248, 138, 46, 153, 243, 134, 224, 231, 126, 165, 12, 83, 132, 100,
+            210, 177, 219, 175, 207, 80, 243, 78, 207, 168, 26, 150, 59, 16,
+        ],
+        [
+            210, 115, 149, 113, 141, 81, 10, 215, 232, 146, 149, 148, 242, 200, 224, 251, 2, 113,
+            208, 123, 121, 60, 91, 36, 120, 173, 36, 166, 222, 85, 146, 17,
+        ],
+        [
+            15, 39, 251, 185, 192, 28, 201, 215, 69, 23, 154, 118, 71, 80, 71, 200, 44, 28, 159,
+            144, 72, 122, 131, 183, 155, 235, 245, 162, 246, 224, 195, 30,
+        ],
+        [
+            192, 99, 56, 232, 172, 239, 89, 241, 68, 215, 74, 219, 17, 83, 149, 196, 212, 141, 89,
+            77, 176, 112, 208, 14, 102, 155, 163, 223, 19, 237, 240, 11,
+        ],
+        [
+            11, 134, 188, 142, 141, 48, 24, 249, 107, 250, 136, 137, 50, 137, 122, 132, 89, 184,
+            91, 134, 18, 58, 197, 81, 29, 107, 53, 52, 51, 190, 47, 41,
+        ],
+    ],
+    [
+        [
+            216, 96, 15, 16, 34, 37, 7, 137, 147, 242, 29, 102, 222, 190, 103, 228, 196, 43, 184,
+            68, 207, 200, 152, 23, 166, 13, 103, 72, 250, 77, 223, 19,
+        ],
+        [
+            17, 5, 52, 91, 113, 213, 231, 173, 71, 80, 14, 50, 250, 23, 255, 204, 19, 119, 18, 63,
+            0, 183, 109, 238, 188, 128, 216, 227, 125, 77, 56, 39,
+        ],
+        [
+            137, 69, 254, 160, 111, 117, 176, 50, 113, 241, 185, 88, 252, 132, 100, 222, 204, 231,
+            208, 220, 80, 201, 73, 143, 0, 36, 187, 40, 29, 227, 128, 15,
+        ],
+        [
+            85, 19, 126, 169, 120, 52, 94, 181, 83, 59, 160, 181, 85, 188, 159, 229, 226, 209, 209,
+            144, 162, 129, 42, 221, 116, 26, 39, 226, 41, 116, 138, 37,
+        ],
+        [
+            136, 39, 38, 138, 243, 149, 227, 50, 119, 42, 102, 230, 95, 128, 172, 244, 44, 121, 53,
+            67, 27, 74, 67, 37, 254, 30, 37, 122, 3, 93, 83, 5,
+        ],
+        [
+            18, 180, 139, 65, 80, 118, 148, 154, 67, 83, 242, 248, 63, 17, 141, 98, 105, 98, 77,
+            39, 125, 125, 132, 187, 192, 110, 216, 193, 129, 161, 141, 26,
+        ],
+        [
+            12, 175, 122, 170, 199, 194, 225, 179, 142, 228, 183, 160, 252, 228, 14, 93, 28, 232,
+            62, 123, 252, 13, 7, 73, 178, 111, 126, 69, 82, 83, 167, 56,
+        ],
+        [
+            34, 98, 50, 126, 175, 145, 47, 127, 51, 121, 100, 251, 5, 193, 176, 185, 129, 28, 77,
+            14, 239, 31, 114, 104, 157, 135, 243, 15, 194, 186, 247, 47,
+        ],
+    ],
+    [
+        [
+            234, 212, 198, 174, 82, 170, 174, 229, 248, 183, 186, 230, 189, 253, 193, 136, 113,
+            147, 209, 239, 130, 31, 109, 6, 2, 116, 245, 23, 87, 89, 104, 63,
+        ],
+        [
+            254, 234, 202, 192, 38, 123, 22, 81, 79, 136, 11, 185, 106, 85, 172, 180, 130, 174,
+            183, 251, 175, 203, 79, 183, 69, 186, 217, 218, 118, 131, 45, 36,
+        ],
+        [
+            156, 17, 73, 41, 203, 16, 153, 119, 186, 222, 153, 124, 230, 146, 87, 29, 7, 191, 190,
+            168, 102, 105, 238, 126, 148, 93, 158, 1, 200, 176, 0, 61,
+        ],
+        [
+            28, 160, 75, 140, 67, 66, 166, 123, 64, 37, 80, 129, 123, 96, 55, 239, 245, 242, 176,
+            30, 43, 167, 123, 30, 176, 235, 103, 119, 245, 43, 21, 44,
+        ],
+        [
+            163, 35, 23, 88, 71, 238, 67, 76, 77, 179, 194, 119, 140, 158, 137, 93, 247, 67, 243,
+            45, 252, 94, 13, 74, 38, 133, 49, 175, 68, 253, 135, 60,
+        ],
+        [
+            82, 94, 126, 254, 52, 64, 115, 123, 76, 161, 251, 209, 137, 97, 118, 74, 81, 1, 125,
+            193, 173, 11, 246, 66, 249, 206, 159, 206, 86, 37, 57, 17,
+        ],
+        [
+            51, 57, 178, 131, 146, 150, 143, 91, 101, 103, 151, 109, 209, 27, 102, 100, 179, 202,
+            11, 153, 116, 142, 71, 129, 40, 20, 255, 203, 12, 76, 77, 53,
+        ],
+        [
+            242, 188, 216, 208, 193, 32, 161, 163, 164, 220, 120, 103, 93, 135, 13, 181, 119, 237,
+            107, 48, 156, 126, 194, 143, 116, 254, 41, 3, 168, 47, 144, 52,
+        ],
+    ],
+    [
+        [
+            11, 17, 2, 160, 102, 157, 163, 62, 254, 29, 138, 65, 230, 250, 58, 107, 50, 68, 184,
+            225, 156, 103, 209, 236, 196, 36, 246, 79, 147, 27, 42, 53,
+        ],
+        [
+            33, 33, 59, 118, 107, 125, 175, 118, 27, 201, 46, 161, 241, 95, 54, 7, 100, 3, 105,
+            194, 176, 145, 178, 241, 147, 26, 225, 149, 225, 48, 203, 10,
+        ],
+        [
+            66, 12, 165, 163, 5, 18, 193, 183, 234, 11, 228, 173, 190, 240, 194, 125, 104, 253,
+            185, 96, 65, 0, 33, 143, 94, 152, 3, 80, 191, 234, 246, 41,
+        ],
+        [
+            106, 111, 228, 171, 155, 251, 129, 82, 97, 39, 36, 150, 52, 230, 2, 162, 124, 1, 114,
+            127, 6, 185, 190, 77, 105, 246, 148, 200, 181, 122, 152, 31,
+        ],
+        [
+            76, 128, 201, 228, 223, 71, 179, 217, 129, 188, 155, 222, 98, 245, 140, 135, 197, 35,
+            131, 14, 99, 164, 68, 80, 61, 181, 56, 111, 34, 113, 62, 28,
+        ],
+        [
+            161, 162, 61, 111, 161, 188, 162, 168, 143, 68, 187, 26, 105, 142, 203, 40, 131, 84,
+            161, 4, 23, 197, 49, 163, 197, 175, 44, 66, 178, 49, 34, 44,
+        ],
+        [
+            11, 182, 20, 161, 20, 121, 201, 228, 240, 159, 79, 73, 227, 220, 151, 16, 152, 49, 190,
+            6, 54, 180, 221, 163, 21, 37, 241, 190, 21, 124, 22, 12,
+        ],
+        [
+            30, 201, 178, 243, 23, 101, 121, 64, 115, 58, 150, 24, 168, 137, 3, 5, 21, 6, 45, 177,
+            142, 173, 190, 90, 208, 48, 226, 34, 43, 38, 248, 22,
+        ],
+    ],
+    [
+        [
+            157, 196, 42, 177, 43, 61, 107, 82, 52, 60, 246, 13, 114, 134, 5, 254, 222, 212, 147,
+            7, 79, 65, 89, 206, 136, 72, 110, 59, 237, 163, 232, 55,
+        ],
+        [
+            128, 212, 62, 148, 105, 186, 184, 3, 0, 157, 76, 76, 177, 17, 197, 42, 170, 97, 125,
+            102, 222, 54, 95, 255, 85, 220, 105, 248, 152, 208, 45, 8,
+        ],
+        [
+            227, 105, 171, 85, 47, 42, 190, 109, 30, 44, 51, 6, 165, 123, 172, 160, 211, 16, 230,
+            26, 236, 178, 84, 233, 75, 144, 170, 176, 212, 45, 8, 49,
+        ],
+        [
+            71, 24, 160, 130, 125, 205, 239, 123, 250, 248, 212, 253, 150, 47, 54, 228, 246, 98,
+            93, 10, 67, 26, 177, 163, 16, 162, 188, 21, 125, 105, 201, 0,
+        ],
+        [
+            196, 159, 136, 205, 253, 178, 38, 61, 249, 18, 42, 38, 104, 83, 32, 105, 105, 218, 166,
+            88, 116, 188, 68, 103, 186, 14, 155, 32, 90, 204, 134, 19,
+        ],
+        [
+            220, 208, 84, 205, 93, 246, 24, 240, 195, 19, 108, 146, 148, 239, 196, 44, 229, 2, 201,
+            158, 233, 172, 117, 23, 108, 146, 186, 58, 130, 170, 197, 47,
+        ],
+        [
+            48, 27, 108, 232, 165, 0, 125, 145, 138, 3, 23, 211, 187, 17, 166, 226, 107, 197, 242,
+            35, 26, 41, 1, 72, 51, 128, 184, 217, 227, 132, 211, 35,
+        ],
+        [
+            92, 66, 232, 101, 143, 36, 76, 151, 59, 49, 148, 158, 200, 199, 162, 104, 255, 186,
+            143, 97, 68, 243, 94, 86, 178, 221, 95, 134, 100, 235, 198, 22,
+        ],
+    ],
+    [
+        [
+            38, 139, 223, 198, 218, 129, 87, 92, 118, 134, 243, 198, 64, 44, 189, 253, 40, 56, 192,
+            128, 135, 20, 106, 32, 231, 124, 210, 0, 196, 153, 140, 43,
+        ],
+        [
+            184, 194, 151, 179, 50, 163, 11, 229, 169, 173, 159, 39, 249, 174, 118, 91, 223, 168,
+            50, 101, 209, 0, 165, 156, 165, 7, 122, 158, 112, 227, 29, 27,
+        ],
+        [
+            64, 156, 174, 42, 252, 153, 144, 240, 138, 152, 130, 113, 25, 91, 2, 73, 78, 22, 219,
+            226, 9, 62, 212, 218, 201, 191, 178, 186, 43, 11, 237, 28,
+        ],
+        [
+            233, 131, 26, 245, 82, 167, 210, 217, 33, 231, 113, 122, 73, 198, 60, 177, 210, 216,
+            218, 1, 171, 161, 181, 219, 224, 166, 231, 9, 144, 173, 215, 55,
+        ],
+        [
+            1, 121, 8, 158, 236, 71, 214, 244, 87, 104, 58, 32, 244, 25, 55, 245, 102, 235, 161,
+            181, 162, 41, 179, 252, 157, 112, 182, 24, 11, 162, 12, 3,
+        ],
+        [
+            135, 220, 222, 191, 198, 97, 139, 12, 21, 185, 161, 58, 235, 130, 145, 103, 216, 73,
+            24, 149, 54, 221, 204, 44, 29, 105, 75, 241, 59, 92, 14, 1,
+        ],
+        [
+            113, 99, 3, 22, 170, 61, 230, 135, 157, 116, 193, 60, 246, 113, 193, 150, 160, 211, 86,
+            48, 135, 216, 226, 81, 111, 68, 71, 29, 111, 78, 39, 7,
+        ],
+        [
+            76, 15, 116, 174, 6, 23, 26, 143, 29, 83, 201, 35, 202, 41, 125, 55, 43, 33, 17, 230,
+            142, 183, 55, 241, 144, 102, 49, 101, 206, 238, 122, 52,
+        ],
+    ],
+    [
+        [
+            117, 135, 48, 149, 94, 206, 192, 251, 95, 172, 33, 214, 122, 5, 176, 120, 216, 116, 99,
+            41, 31, 203, 126, 237, 42, 244, 207, 224, 245, 150, 117, 23,
+        ],
+        [
+            215, 141, 63, 69, 188, 158, 241, 182, 219, 150, 206, 78, 163, 60, 134, 169, 32, 124,
+            131, 192, 65, 85, 99, 147, 172, 71, 89, 31, 146, 237, 99, 6,
+        ],
+        [
+            112, 236, 159, 17, 39, 131, 26, 30, 73, 94, 167, 165, 101, 55, 30, 223, 226, 53, 245,
+            230, 110, 29, 243, 20, 140, 0, 239, 202, 7, 190, 74, 27,
+        ],
+        [
+            43, 45, 16, 196, 170, 112, 210, 218, 217, 27, 243, 24, 116, 156, 168, 216, 232, 51,
+            233, 255, 29, 133, 105, 96, 40, 72, 39, 238, 122, 241, 20, 62,
+        ],
+        [
+            112, 97, 10, 55, 63, 180, 243, 106, 97, 140, 110, 206, 228, 135, 105, 109, 12, 145,
+            104, 189, 222, 92, 227, 145, 83, 23, 123, 58, 80, 63, 119, 49,
+        ],
+        [
+            222, 111, 84, 201, 220, 211, 85, 66, 2, 80, 166, 99, 203, 7, 253, 212, 8, 120, 179,
+            163, 48, 117, 246, 142, 242, 83, 91, 35, 65, 145, 20, 43,
+        ],
+        [
+            13, 98, 129, 119, 108, 221, 125, 217, 152, 161, 126, 199, 233, 58, 76, 137, 123, 187,
+            202, 234, 56, 36, 240, 90, 181, 55, 176, 89, 27, 84, 134, 12,
+        ],
+        [
+            196, 96, 10, 230, 5, 3, 194, 234, 175, 221, 145, 93, 40, 98, 252, 129, 107, 230, 72, 7,
+            205, 13, 181, 56, 107, 83, 102, 7, 241, 38, 44, 28,
+        ],
+    ],
+    [
+        [
+            49, 255, 63, 55, 167, 241, 86, 34, 231, 35, 195, 153, 186, 81, 209, 131, 82, 204, 179,
+            49, 181, 172, 52, 196, 139, 145, 206, 177, 48, 174, 77, 6,
+        ],
+        [
+            173, 191, 127, 104, 192, 251, 10, 96, 24, 209, 39, 36, 112, 169, 200, 142, 24, 169, 11,
+            184, 106, 152, 170, 237, 234, 8, 49, 65, 20, 150, 61, 59,
+        ],
+        [
+            205, 20, 22, 50, 121, 235, 201, 249, 50, 21, 200, 211, 220, 198, 103, 170, 248, 76,
+            117, 126, 81, 201, 134, 212, 205, 162, 229, 180, 51, 19, 237, 5,
+        ],
+        [
+            169, 152, 197, 220, 162, 201, 73, 12, 53, 71, 243, 206, 218, 32, 232, 63, 161, 163, 81,
+            59, 103, 25, 235, 175, 156, 58, 131, 72, 120, 135, 220, 40,
+        ],
+        [
+            174, 157, 241, 32, 126, 124, 61, 18, 85, 161, 222, 239, 104, 112, 181, 58, 17, 10, 192,
+            128, 159, 167, 150, 102, 32, 158, 191, 58, 196, 214, 211, 36,
+        ],
+        [
+            212, 189, 202, 43, 164, 106, 115, 57, 56, 129, 143, 0, 92, 174, 37, 114, 194, 97, 201,
+            67, 83, 60, 242, 21, 255, 122, 109, 95, 55, 136, 212, 12,
+        ],
+        [
+            41, 172, 202, 39, 28, 52, 243, 63, 155, 161, 82, 6, 78, 68, 236, 168, 171, 107, 200,
+            81, 37, 82, 194, 11, 74, 23, 40, 145, 40, 163, 196, 31,
+        ],
+        [
+            119, 146, 247, 74, 70, 181, 50, 90, 212, 1, 145, 188, 149, 47, 106, 9, 44, 225, 113,
+            77, 103, 73, 250, 25, 15, 46, 111, 20, 202, 135, 106, 58,
+        ],
+    ],
+    [
+        [
+            214, 208, 212, 237, 91, 53, 93, 29, 73, 180, 213, 18, 238, 127, 24, 92, 242, 232, 88,
+            248, 28, 20, 126, 241, 2, 100, 46, 30, 212, 70, 50, 2,
+        ],
+        [
+            75, 62, 19, 16, 103, 247, 66, 81, 143, 208, 79, 175, 38, 117, 164, 226, 213, 10, 65,
+            48, 228, 244, 51, 138, 66, 240, 74, 112, 189, 152, 168, 22,
+        ],
+        [
+            137, 246, 59, 222, 246, 36, 63, 111, 128, 237, 151, 78, 199, 142, 182, 92, 117, 227,
+            249, 16, 135, 236, 15, 7, 222, 205, 206, 235, 59, 21, 248, 22,
+        ],
+        [
+            134, 58, 60, 194, 199, 50, 43, 29, 94, 67, 39, 243, 47, 72, 136, 20, 166, 189, 195,
+            227, 151, 138, 193, 6, 141, 87, 134, 214, 107, 227, 179, 25,
+        ],
+        [
+            240, 65, 105, 174, 82, 73, 62, 176, 32, 143, 83, 50, 246, 33, 143, 191, 153, 108, 79,
+            227, 137, 196, 65, 7, 202, 251, 72, 151, 51, 138, 67, 6,
+        ],
+        [
+            240, 164, 171, 188, 152, 96, 15, 167, 244, 151, 116, 123, 174, 150, 114, 219, 203, 190,
+            60, 64, 123, 164, 24, 213, 22, 120, 151, 169, 147, 87, 14, 54,
+        ],
+        [
+            237, 220, 160, 30, 10, 28, 230, 104, 44, 38, 128, 21, 205, 37, 7, 127, 217, 55, 245,
+            49, 101, 127, 156, 214, 36, 193, 135, 216, 188, 175, 29, 13,
+        ],
+        [
+            159, 14, 150, 98, 114, 124, 115, 108, 53, 17, 110, 73, 228, 238, 220, 104, 221, 43, 35,
+            200, 148, 231, 94, 27, 93, 87, 208, 147, 133, 248, 182, 22,
+        ],
+    ],
+    [
+        [
+            195, 102, 107, 183, 172, 226, 147, 203, 62, 64, 248, 145, 214, 32, 229, 17, 52, 12,
+            239, 111, 133, 247, 141, 219, 112, 72, 179, 205, 47, 104, 154, 28,
+        ],
+        [
+            154, 83, 5, 251, 52, 174, 96, 151, 148, 226, 184, 227, 233, 61, 78, 47, 189, 59, 196,
+            225, 49, 253, 53, 118, 250, 113, 105, 195, 118, 18, 59, 58,
+        ],
+        [
+            254, 53, 230, 124, 224, 107, 238, 47, 232, 196, 210, 155, 253, 125, 87, 42, 243, 249,
+            247, 197, 210, 242, 181, 193, 98, 105, 25, 167, 203, 190, 56, 25,
+        ],
+        [
+            119, 44, 168, 159, 70, 8, 158, 167, 237, 214, 246, 240, 186, 191, 26, 102, 222, 77,
+            142, 206, 192, 203, 225, 105, 135, 210, 127, 165, 15, 239, 31, 45,
+        ],
+        [
+            71, 8, 243, 147, 142, 135, 167, 118, 218, 47, 132, 51, 79, 183, 217, 131, 101, 83, 223,
+            206, 34, 158, 147, 137, 194, 202, 7, 29, 82, 158, 123, 25,
+        ],
+        [
+            153, 113, 163, 1, 79, 119, 160, 95, 221, 126, 184, 114, 24, 24, 253, 225, 39, 126, 110,
+            215, 105, 198, 155, 244, 127, 181, 251, 237, 65, 154, 157, 21,
+        ],
+        [
+            135, 239, 95, 132, 96, 211, 235, 194, 241, 123, 41, 109, 18, 212, 73, 170, 223, 91,
+            248, 7, 78, 221, 20, 42, 22, 16, 11, 32, 47, 37, 78, 55,
+        ],
+        [
+            207, 147, 78, 128, 25, 37, 55, 174, 70, 71, 43, 31, 237, 22, 121, 86, 23, 22, 145, 84,
+            77, 46, 59, 0, 250, 91, 15, 235, 56, 172, 105, 45,
+        ],
+    ],
+];
+
+pub fn generator() -> pallas::Affine {
+    pallas::Affine::from_xy(
+        pallas::Base::from_bytes(&GENERATOR.0).unwrap(),
+        pallas::Base::from_bytes(&GENERATOR.1).unwrap(),
+    )
+    .unwrap()
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::super::{
+        test_lagrange_coeffs, test_zs_and_us, NUM_WINDOWS, ORCHARD_PERSONALIZATION,
+    };
+    use super::*;
+    use group::Curve;
+    use pasta_curves::{
+        arithmetic::{CurveExt, FieldExt},
+        pallas,
+    };
+
+    #[test]
+    fn generator() {
+        let hasher = pallas::Point::hash_to_curve(ORCHARD_PERSONALIZATION);
+        let point = hasher(b"K");
+        let coords = point.to_affine().coordinates().unwrap();
+
+        assert_eq!(*coords.x(), pallas::Base::from_bytes(&GENERATOR.0).unwrap());
+        assert_eq!(*coords.y(), pallas::Base::from_bytes(&GENERATOR.1).unwrap());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn lagrange_coeffs() {
+        let base = super::generator();
+        test_lagrange_coeffs(base, NUM_WINDOWS);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn z() {
+        let base = super::generator();
+        test_zs_and_us(base, &Z, &U, NUM_WINDOWS);
+    }
+}

src/crypto/constants/fixed_bases/spend_auth_g.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,2965 @@
+use pasta_curves::{
+    arithmetic::{CurveAffine, FieldExt},
+    pallas,
+};
+
+/// The value commitment is used to check balance between inputs and outputs. The value is
+/// placed over this generator.
+pub const GENERATOR: ([u8; 32], [u8; 32]) = (
+    [
+        99, 201, 117, 184, 132, 114, 26, 141, 12, 161, 112, 123, 227, 12, 127, 12, 95, 68, 95, 62,
+        124, 24, 141, 59, 6, 214, 241, 40, 179, 35, 85, 55,
+    ],
+    [
+        201, 59, 12, 123, 129, 62, 227, 76, 216, 189, 5, 192, 254, 20, 201, 223, 251, 36, 214, 254,
+        252, 188, 16, 123, 219, 102, 26, 223, 127, 53, 208, 26,
+    ],
+);
+
+/// Full-width z-values for GENERATOR
+pub const Z: [u64; super::NUM_WINDOWS] = [
+    49707, 15701, 45931, 163127, 41654, 212130, 34473, 25205, 4118, 10240, 12264, 22866, 203610,
+    18808, 13851, 62448, 62380, 94497, 39496, 73216, 32037, 32774, 61690, 39173, 74580, 84678,
+    23418, 103090, 34763, 19801, 54976, 196082, 131117, 20556, 58936, 139049, 49530, 488, 2129,
+    44219, 64328, 38875, 58430, 34536, 84014, 15455, 38059, 15915, 26893, 100337, 120701, 98937,
+    37075, 35293, 8351, 8361, 273432, 717, 3253, 40140, 28024, 95195, 41937, 200127, 95471, 103562,
+    75737, 4182, 362357, 15219, 136680, 168274, 25085, 5925, 254392, 93041, 56204, 46757, 109788,
+    100797, 80349, 87315, 77372, 96572, 18965,
+];
+
+/// Full-width u-values for GENERATOR
+pub const U: [[[u8; 32]; super::H]; super::NUM_WINDOWS] = [
+    [
+        [
+            134, 139, 159, 167, 179, 203, 183, 86, 54, 69, 108, 127, 183, 40, 226, 188, 34, 72,
+            235, 174, 120, 30, 214, 202, 46, 166, 177, 78, 133, 80, 221, 35,
+        ],
+        [
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+        ],
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+            117, 70, 55, 141, 159, 39, 198, 73, 18, 25, 171, 142, 26, 7, 61, 178, 86, 181, 136, 11,
+            80, 110, 226, 235, 152, 116, 119, 80, 9, 77, 171, 1,
+        ],
+        [
+            145, 166, 166, 110, 183, 126, 211, 28, 74, 99, 88, 1, 60, 143, 245, 37, 61, 107, 94,
+            172, 101, 87, 64, 150, 89, 87, 23, 159, 223, 49, 13, 22,
+        ],
+        [
+            102, 212, 116, 255, 19, 29, 250, 185, 75, 229, 219, 55, 220, 164, 195, 61, 45, 46, 245,
+            119, 79, 113, 47, 229, 242, 74, 172, 24, 189, 248, 222, 35,
+        ],
+    ],
+    [
+        [
+            178, 128, 66, 22, 136, 89, 154, 163, 11, 60, 6, 113, 119, 121, 188, 80, 127, 170, 10,
+            61, 221, 229, 163, 217, 4, 206, 79, 88, 105, 222, 53, 9,
+        ],
+        [
+            185, 239, 123, 80, 135, 216, 219, 192, 225, 181, 44, 19, 223, 11, 150, 61, 21, 13, 170,
+            149, 8, 147, 248, 57, 43, 1, 222, 231, 81, 172, 49, 31,
+        ],
+        [
+            88, 32, 154, 70, 204, 46, 188, 217, 185, 179, 122, 163, 239, 139, 136, 119, 231, 117,
+            199, 74, 239, 108, 234, 25, 21, 246, 75, 183, 71, 172, 247, 25,
+        ],
+        [
+            143, 4, 10, 225, 34, 215, 168, 147, 44, 185, 131, 183, 230, 6, 125, 173, 71, 57, 255,
+            57, 45, 203, 159, 231, 97, 15, 80, 248, 189, 162, 230, 32,
+        ],
+        [
+            166, 187, 119, 117, 197, 168, 67, 253, 47, 170, 125, 165, 17, 15, 149, 44, 146, 58,
+            198, 97, 128, 144, 7, 40, 95, 143, 147, 172, 152, 219, 236, 28,
+        ],
+        [
+            28, 176, 50, 123, 16, 49, 98, 25, 185, 200, 78, 192, 135, 9, 17, 249, 80, 80, 148, 70,
+            197, 44, 151, 13, 252, 245, 170, 173, 184, 192, 179, 50,
+        ],
+        [
+            7, 203, 97, 103, 251, 87, 201, 89, 46, 123, 27, 243, 73, 93, 22, 209, 139, 173, 145,
+            228, 215, 23, 133, 50, 142, 179, 0, 115, 169, 54, 54, 36,
+        ],
+        [
+            103, 67, 224, 228, 216, 51, 67, 191, 241, 190, 231, 167, 239, 122, 145, 135, 27, 27,
+            121, 169, 32, 249, 121, 157, 76, 209, 1, 125, 128, 109, 122, 9,
+        ],
+    ],
+    [
+        [
+            148, 192, 149, 231, 219, 175, 220, 161, 114, 143, 131, 199, 122, 47, 237, 202, 210,
+            139, 29, 217, 170, 108, 115, 249, 68, 146, 176, 108, 222, 159, 233, 14,
+        ],
+        [
+            85, 172, 51, 155, 179, 59, 252, 236, 149, 163, 120, 147, 116, 175, 86, 1, 40, 81, 47,
+            133, 109, 255, 74, 131, 19, 129, 194, 4, 159, 185, 31, 3,
+        ],
+        [
+            209, 194, 182, 196, 5, 180, 67, 30, 36, 61, 3, 166, 211, 15, 123, 155, 128, 13, 120,
+            142, 137, 166, 245, 147, 78, 249, 140, 255, 203, 212, 85, 6,
+        ],
+        [
+            127, 131, 57, 200, 151, 146, 45, 152, 85, 62, 96, 86, 213, 36, 238, 237, 132, 44, 127,
+            149, 182, 216, 127, 58, 114, 211, 189, 141, 202, 194, 62, 62,
+        ],
+        [
+            99, 71, 21, 6, 166, 145, 151, 160, 236, 240, 86, 161, 124, 186, 117, 20, 238, 65, 92,
+            94, 164, 101, 27, 72, 90, 199, 127, 238, 171, 190, 35, 55,
+        ],
+        [
+            3, 197, 168, 159, 131, 53, 238, 255, 128, 42, 6, 120, 7, 172, 39, 108, 174, 46, 155,
+            47, 131, 151, 235, 200, 222, 175, 119, 50, 78, 128, 153, 3,
+        ],
+        [
+            116, 66, 37, 31, 30, 169, 73, 64, 193, 70, 88, 219, 59, 172, 96, 110, 243, 160, 105,
+            191, 2, 226, 190, 27, 52, 202, 22, 33, 25, 38, 220, 31,
+        ],
+        [
+            49, 200, 93, 193, 225, 104, 64, 102, 3, 223, 45, 31, 211, 145, 210, 114, 132, 27, 240,
+            232, 189, 127, 87, 226, 125, 18, 170, 133, 195, 198, 153, 16,
+        ],
+    ],
+    [
+        [
+            121, 53, 200, 131, 196, 84, 198, 124, 113, 102, 142, 218, 224, 247, 145, 131, 186, 103,
+            190, 167, 247, 147, 224, 16, 99, 39, 56, 226, 46, 1, 49, 59,
+        ],
+        [
+            22, 50, 40, 200, 159, 100, 214, 73, 77, 69, 163, 2, 110, 139, 27, 106, 154, 229, 182,
+            137, 7, 168, 187, 202, 17, 19, 160, 25, 162, 17, 89, 48,
+        ],
+        [
+            164, 44, 83, 249, 124, 41, 132, 94, 96, 167, 55, 81, 204, 189, 223, 195, 250, 225, 16,
+            205, 0, 3, 130, 36, 165, 36, 166, 132, 92, 91, 67, 63,
+        ],
+        [
+            74, 250, 76, 30, 147, 188, 232, 26, 69, 89, 236, 235, 117, 199, 87, 31, 17, 223, 161,
+            198, 244, 125, 157, 12, 237, 115, 191, 191, 71, 169, 248, 8,
+        ],
+        [
+            199, 31, 247, 17, 166, 210, 80, 23, 60, 82, 40, 177, 153, 123, 9, 176, 227, 228, 80,
+            110, 191, 176, 172, 159, 234, 227, 133, 97, 160, 201, 8, 45,
+        ],
+        [
+            76, 132, 117, 193, 103, 234, 31, 11, 42, 125, 132, 21, 248, 178, 136, 13, 191, 20, 46,
+            6, 95, 231, 230, 95, 29, 223, 70, 180, 205, 75, 70, 29,
+        ],
+        [
+            252, 10, 50, 84, 120, 20, 243, 48, 252, 113, 112, 249, 255, 250, 144, 178, 245, 108,
+            209, 169, 102, 254, 1, 34, 254, 141, 201, 39, 18, 66, 213, 37,
+        ],
+        [
+            216, 43, 15, 51, 184, 164, 7, 189, 92, 219, 230, 192, 138, 49, 17, 116, 209, 106, 26,
+            208, 1, 207, 209, 130, 200, 28, 194, 68, 159, 151, 92, 59,
+        ],
+    ],
+    [
+        [
+            130, 227, 156, 234, 103, 13, 183, 24, 209, 108, 219, 46, 240, 126, 63, 210, 226, 125,
+            54, 73, 152, 148, 106, 3, 165, 179, 217, 171, 135, 178, 187, 25,
+        ],
+        [
+            249, 123, 230, 251, 192, 186, 61, 109, 88, 101, 236, 21, 188, 172, 133, 102, 200, 159,
+            0, 83, 252, 97, 5, 193, 171, 41, 51, 40, 232, 17, 197, 47,
+        ],
+        [
+            230, 209, 96, 28, 233, 75, 176, 21, 83, 187, 216, 27, 42, 240, 129, 127, 124, 226, 24,
+            47, 194, 225, 110, 93, 108, 50, 169, 242, 24, 163, 130, 38,
+        ],
+        [
+            133, 62, 95, 11, 93, 161, 179, 247, 32, 25, 89, 217, 173, 147, 63, 62, 162, 228, 178,
+            45, 146, 101, 13, 17, 171, 246, 125, 143, 194, 108, 30, 58,
+        ],
+        [
+            246, 216, 189, 144, 11, 240, 154, 125, 249, 154, 103, 59, 40, 198, 29, 207, 162, 186,
+            17, 160, 63, 218, 136, 217, 105, 228, 71, 36, 45, 244, 135, 30,
+        ],
+        [
+            219, 147, 219, 20, 99, 77, 100, 59, 113, 73, 90, 255, 236, 117, 72, 139, 43, 36, 149,
+            4, 112, 41, 98, 157, 60, 2, 220, 9, 118, 181, 189, 46,
+        ],
+        [
+            4, 109, 33, 143, 207, 231, 44, 77, 113, 223, 222, 247, 110, 52, 82, 202, 123, 213, 168,
+            77, 249, 194, 9, 158, 7, 158, 246, 204, 165, 198, 9, 63,
+        ],
+        [
+            84, 44, 128, 238, 129, 148, 169, 143, 203, 17, 195, 37, 152, 129, 162, 175, 39, 140,
+            217, 131, 143, 238, 67, 49, 14, 235, 52, 228, 147, 63, 54, 35,
+        ],
+    ],
+    [
+        [
+            191, 200, 71, 7, 129, 246, 124, 225, 156, 59, 22, 9, 148, 195, 71, 78, 147, 151, 234,
+            102, 64, 121, 202, 224, 245, 27, 80, 223, 176, 227, 26, 17,
+        ],
+        [
+            157, 66, 240, 109, 254, 70, 22, 27, 239, 237, 53, 115, 128, 155, 233, 187, 164, 148,
+            232, 0, 41, 157, 202, 126, 95, 253, 77, 150, 3, 247, 218, 58,
+        ],
+        [
+            228, 151, 252, 188, 162, 217, 229, 108, 43, 184, 35, 147, 108, 83, 94, 28, 151, 48,
+            103, 150, 181, 98, 147, 212, 14, 134, 229, 37, 192, 112, 24, 16,
+        ],
+        [
+            83, 208, 193, 201, 178, 111, 198, 23, 126, 42, 70, 132, 206, 197, 226, 122, 89, 140,
+            131, 139, 135, 216, 52, 136, 76, 217, 147, 230, 129, 245, 176, 59,
+        ],
+        [
+            244, 45, 69, 232, 83, 171, 220, 246, 253, 139, 1, 48, 15, 253, 251, 59, 222, 181, 17,
+            129, 4, 237, 150, 59, 232, 244, 106, 254, 81, 244, 254, 18,
+        ],
+        [
+            188, 199, 14, 197, 255, 152, 21, 31, 227, 236, 205, 79, 82, 104, 52, 214, 2, 218, 180,
+            90, 116, 189, 195, 244, 167, 62, 194, 36, 107, 184, 11, 43,
+        ],
+        [
+            91, 136, 16, 71, 244, 127, 17, 108, 158, 203, 244, 225, 158, 108, 74, 143, 209, 88,
+            216, 76, 60, 162, 103, 218, 6, 86, 220, 238, 109, 6, 112, 28,
+        ],
+        [
+            210, 145, 15, 69, 76, 180, 168, 134, 197, 134, 121, 248, 13, 45, 162, 58, 191, 117,
+            233, 85, 161, 132, 243, 111, 26, 158, 207, 5, 173, 101, 203, 39,
+        ],
+    ],
+    [
+        [
+            91, 229, 184, 51, 211, 97, 48, 184, 113, 20, 161, 108, 173, 224, 151, 36, 98, 116, 190,
+            236, 239, 208, 45, 65, 41, 218, 22, 78, 21, 159, 68, 26,
+        ],
+        [
+            154, 217, 229, 180, 214, 167, 164, 163, 231, 131, 232, 179, 73, 218, 83, 161, 164, 155,
+            38, 217, 38, 83, 173, 123, 185, 195, 136, 28, 222, 105, 248, 44,
+        ],
+        [
+            239, 18, 84, 25, 24, 214, 58, 20, 152, 95, 143, 93, 97, 219, 36, 109, 132, 217, 17, 55,
+            49, 1, 18, 121, 131, 145, 4, 217, 250, 134, 88, 14,
+        ],
+        [
+            253, 67, 150, 157, 135, 33, 201, 53, 183, 45, 159, 132, 171, 98, 41, 58, 140, 134, 11,
+            145, 25, 241, 71, 213, 88, 135, 55, 47, 244, 112, 235, 43,
+        ],
+        [
+            203, 78, 141, 190, 49, 209, 195, 175, 45, 64, 143, 120, 102, 235, 159, 161, 245, 198,
+            29, 126, 9, 86, 92, 60, 63, 99, 217, 169, 217, 25, 97, 57,
+        ],
+        [
+            233, 223, 245, 147, 242, 164, 19, 19, 137, 245, 19, 241, 36, 159, 136, 111, 211, 191,
+            185, 125, 216, 176, 166, 33, 218, 175, 100, 57, 180, 168, 33, 21,
+        ],
+        [
+            191, 125, 108, 252, 109, 113, 20, 141, 133, 231, 150, 20, 101, 219, 222, 38, 99, 160,
+            59, 92, 97, 181, 71, 115, 51, 165, 119, 92, 118, 44, 127, 60,
+        ],
+        [
+            113, 88, 23, 85, 9, 181, 218, 205, 196, 189, 218, 69, 235, 215, 199, 177, 88, 46, 80,
+            177, 124, 126, 188, 209, 80, 154, 254, 177, 249, 6, 34, 45,
+        ],
+    ],
+    [
+        [
+            49, 171, 43, 141, 243, 56, 203, 14, 8, 164, 117, 204, 211, 2, 98, 215, 247, 219, 40,
+            10, 65, 77, 198, 28, 168, 165, 187, 204, 93, 58, 182, 38,
+        ],
+        [
+            76, 41, 75, 64, 104, 7, 90, 39, 75, 212, 84, 97, 109, 16, 221, 105, 175, 57, 203, 170,
+            160, 193, 20, 250, 41, 48, 135, 95, 210, 60, 239, 18,
+        ],
+        [
+            11, 48, 231, 185, 24, 69, 14, 2, 119, 209, 228, 104, 103, 135, 156, 250, 144, 116, 172,
+            233, 164, 53, 176, 174, 97, 86, 41, 34, 69, 64, 80, 45,
+        ],
+        [
+            206, 62, 81, 203, 222, 175, 138, 11, 37, 103, 16, 242, 2, 233, 61, 206, 100, 119, 153,
+            92, 27, 168, 76, 186, 61, 115, 161, 236, 188, 105, 53, 39,
+        ],
+        [
+            184, 121, 255, 112, 144, 174, 21, 210, 228, 37, 104, 55, 37, 190, 74, 219, 138, 97,
+            143, 89, 102, 179, 145, 166, 45, 48, 254, 158, 171, 154, 179, 29,
+        ],
+        [
+            6, 225, 64, 102, 192, 218, 125, 198, 151, 71, 85, 123, 214, 160, 161, 13, 126, 187,
+            146, 117, 142, 61, 67, 33, 247, 101, 92, 227, 237, 171, 178, 46,
+        ],
+        [
+            214, 175, 191, 1, 36, 44, 95, 190, 226, 11, 238, 183, 89, 58, 32, 159, 7, 43, 143, 126,
+            30, 154, 77, 11, 225, 220, 100, 206, 57, 69, 147, 59,
+        ],
+        [
+            132, 71, 64, 13, 36, 95, 197, 166, 181, 130, 188, 161, 21, 134, 156, 60, 229, 202, 115,
+            252, 142, 193, 144, 9, 148, 49, 152, 217, 94, 10, 200, 16,
+        ],
+    ],
+    [
+        [
+            169, 185, 107, 159, 236, 0, 234, 249, 163, 24, 243, 22, 89, 24, 72, 31, 99, 20, 210,
+            52, 203, 224, 58, 131, 135, 126, 139, 241, 11, 223, 180, 41,
+        ],
+        [
+            100, 111, 163, 64, 52, 18, 196, 37, 86, 14, 150, 151, 192, 192, 213, 66, 5, 175, 208,
+            15, 99, 225, 99, 23, 255, 115, 41, 53, 244, 241, 232, 62,
+        ],
+        [
+            203, 172, 162, 221, 207, 144, 7, 120, 39, 125, 39, 231, 4, 167, 167, 147, 197, 4, 221,
+            168, 11, 32, 252, 185, 253, 56, 198, 125, 180, 217, 48, 14,
+        ],
+        [
+            151, 198, 41, 131, 85, 85, 153, 167, 214, 190, 207, 57, 232, 116, 153, 110, 242, 143,
+            87, 149, 148, 79, 202, 50, 254, 93, 181, 118, 241, 36, 47, 30,
+        ],
+        [
+            169, 132, 214, 252, 163, 226, 40, 236, 102, 76, 39, 197, 196, 64, 76, 131, 131, 239,
+            125, 186, 226, 201, 133, 168, 63, 255, 217, 34, 32, 14, 87, 27,
+        ],
+        [
+            152, 171, 139, 173, 78, 7, 26, 26, 41, 52, 127, 102, 29, 98, 192, 1, 192, 245, 215,
+            144, 80, 63, 44, 223, 64, 223, 246, 42, 138, 196, 82, 56,
+        ],
+        [
+            181, 29, 217, 137, 178, 103, 44, 244, 146, 108, 167, 194, 209, 98, 153, 191, 200, 209,
+            197, 121, 30, 99, 180, 251, 16, 70, 185, 48, 28, 225, 29, 4,
+        ],
+        [
+            6, 12, 109, 251, 112, 60, 35, 12, 42, 207, 70, 3, 142, 241, 196, 126, 220, 203, 68,
+            249, 158, 166, 46, 67, 32, 23, 192, 239, 36, 44, 206, 25,
+        ],
+    ],
+    [
+        [
+            94, 19, 121, 58, 184, 157, 237, 59, 227, 107, 130, 65, 168, 219, 76, 58, 226, 235, 146,
+            109, 35, 2, 8, 52, 110, 145, 135, 173, 45, 18, 40, 18,
+        ],
+        [
+            73, 20, 152, 96, 153, 114, 82, 42, 234, 214, 83, 47, 117, 62, 120, 141, 43, 72, 95, 94,
+            222, 242, 227, 94, 53, 78, 58, 66, 227, 164, 108, 36,
+        ],
+        [
+            15, 203, 0, 206, 129, 153, 3, 46, 221, 28, 232, 197, 225, 202, 69, 64, 15, 85, 203, 4,
+            165, 83, 252, 98, 130, 126, 118, 166, 132, 113, 254, 3,
+        ],
+        [
+            27, 247, 153, 83, 213, 195, 61, 103, 248, 197, 36, 170, 167, 29, 42, 61, 58, 108, 9,
+            162, 63, 63, 78, 234, 102, 112, 223, 115, 109, 89, 205, 11,
+        ],
+        [
+            230, 87, 100, 238, 166, 118, 76, 72, 206, 16, 128, 19, 196, 235, 19, 85, 25, 180, 143,
+            88, 79, 67, 74, 18, 42, 0, 182, 167, 5, 82, 141, 58,
+        ],
+        [
+            242, 225, 221, 181, 10, 42, 4, 246, 169, 149, 20, 171, 248, 249, 181, 206, 171, 85,
+            200, 89, 186, 144, 18, 113, 211, 76, 54, 13, 175, 5, 23, 57,
+        ],
+        [
+            124, 90, 7, 105, 198, 10, 101, 152, 215, 14, 162, 242, 28, 138, 77, 181, 216, 134, 209,
+            125, 207, 40, 23, 247, 132, 101, 202, 184, 108, 234, 30, 23,
+        ],
+        [
+            113, 101, 162, 46, 79, 205, 213, 191, 24, 206, 128, 228, 42, 66, 147, 106, 8, 211, 6,
+            57, 131, 108, 24, 46, 80, 206, 180, 58, 149, 204, 118, 61,
+        ],
+    ],
+    [
+        [
+            251, 19, 185, 65, 96, 235, 128, 183, 255, 41, 247, 142, 148, 237, 175, 76, 168, 5, 48,
+            90, 246, 162, 79, 83, 10, 170, 36, 227, 89, 13, 167, 62,
+        ],
+        [
+            56, 166, 248, 151, 90, 187, 224, 187, 156, 41, 254, 99, 77, 25, 30, 149, 121, 164, 64,
+            17, 55, 129, 219, 217, 125, 235, 138, 13, 220, 168, 152, 1,
+        ],
+        [
+            165, 106, 214, 186, 223, 37, 21, 54, 151, 110, 55, 189, 197, 11, 61, 209, 156, 123,
+            169, 180, 84, 10, 149, 134, 72, 186, 24, 177, 182, 246, 164, 19,
+        ],
+        [
+            73, 95, 93, 223, 114, 216, 130, 77, 25, 212, 228, 134, 143, 89, 68, 90, 11, 213, 48,
+            205, 242, 51, 247, 151, 216, 45, 159, 152, 184, 225, 221, 41,
+        ],
+        [
+            40, 171, 76, 37, 66, 223, 82, 113, 211, 247, 233, 118, 209, 240, 160, 244, 13, 51, 194,
+            152, 58, 168, 231, 12, 185, 25, 186, 175, 64, 12, 231, 6,
+        ],
+        [
+            179, 90, 55, 174, 72, 152, 204, 148, 24, 250, 29, 50, 143, 98, 133, 199, 241, 225, 133,
+            171, 33, 49, 178, 167, 35, 162, 79, 159, 26, 232, 0, 8,
+        ],
+        [
+            125, 6, 204, 17, 50, 201, 101, 165, 28, 107, 109, 206, 143, 215, 105, 123, 175, 164,
+            63, 159, 21, 11, 234, 96, 159, 43, 88, 18, 159, 33, 88, 38,
+        ],
+        [
+            221, 140, 167, 49, 28, 116, 206, 121, 79, 136, 80, 60, 181, 7, 95, 177, 32, 126, 87,
+            128, 168, 124, 129, 166, 189, 214, 255, 44, 221, 83, 103, 48,
+        ],
+    ],
+    [
+        [
+            100, 19, 245, 99, 127, 23, 39, 14, 128, 145, 57, 217, 20, 253, 209, 74, 223, 24, 220,
+            142, 19, 167, 130, 239, 220, 226, 211, 66, 177, 44, 34, 25,
+        ],
+        [
+            253, 114, 38, 89, 223, 86, 164, 50, 35, 154, 30, 159, 194, 152, 119, 36, 118, 25, 244,
+            85, 63, 29, 152, 56, 150, 14, 250, 231, 157, 94, 53, 1,
+        ],
+        [
+            122, 133, 104, 47, 162, 156, 2, 203, 65, 211, 188, 21, 95, 196, 233, 189, 85, 11, 82,
+            62, 121, 185, 128, 178, 117, 221, 41, 246, 177, 224, 168, 53,
+        ],
+        [
+            15, 47, 113, 92, 78, 129, 107, 39, 106, 27, 10, 4, 193, 207, 48, 209, 184, 128, 128,
+            54, 167, 37, 99, 169, 88, 131, 209, 43, 191, 232, 246, 43,
+        ],
+        [
+            151, 100, 55, 80, 35, 25, 142, 78, 150, 69, 94, 12, 237, 225, 126, 108, 106, 133, 11,
+            118, 58, 8, 195, 87, 124, 129, 2, 8, 228, 8, 235, 41,
+        ],
+        [
+            154, 75, 9, 198, 211, 209, 244, 131, 49, 126, 187, 157, 54, 92, 229, 166, 249, 72, 229,
+            168, 92, 24, 17, 154, 4, 213, 211, 179, 26, 60, 115, 57,
+        ],
+        [
+            148, 168, 89, 36, 108, 105, 22, 194, 209, 232, 199, 64, 79, 100, 96, 148, 205, 137, 20,
+            98, 107, 79, 12, 200, 56, 4, 93, 151, 129, 18, 90, 2,
+        ],
+        [
+            173, 118, 232, 220, 163, 182, 149, 237, 184, 151, 108, 87, 139, 99, 14, 144, 174, 120,
+            101, 207, 198, 189, 108, 99, 145, 73, 114, 141, 90, 97, 136, 36,
+        ],
+    ],
+];
+
+pub fn generator() -> pallas::Affine {
+    pallas::Affine::from_xy(
+        pallas::Base::from_bytes(&GENERATOR.0).unwrap(),
+        pallas::Base::from_bytes(&GENERATOR.1).unwrap(),
+    )
+    .unwrap()
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::super::{
+        test_lagrange_coeffs, test_zs_and_us, NUM_WINDOWS, ORCHARD_PERSONALIZATION,
+    };
+    use super::*;
+    use group::Curve;
+    use pasta_curves::{
+        arithmetic::{CurveAffine, CurveExt, FieldExt},
+        pallas,
+    };
+
+    #[test]
+    fn generator() {
+        let hasher = pallas::Point::hash_to_curve(ORCHARD_PERSONALIZATION);
+        let point = hasher(b"G");
+        let coords = point.to_affine().coordinates().unwrap();
+
+        assert_eq!(*coords.x(), pallas::Base::from_bytes(&GENERATOR.0).unwrap());
+        assert_eq!(*coords.y(), pallas::Base::from_bytes(&GENERATOR.1).unwrap());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn lagrange_coeffs() {
+        let base = super::generator();
+        test_lagrange_coeffs(base, NUM_WINDOWS);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn z() {
+        let base = super::generator();
+        test_zs_and_us(base, &Z, &U, NUM_WINDOWS);
+    }
+}

src/crypto/constants/fixed_bases/value_commit_r.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,2965 @@
+use pasta_curves::{
+    arithmetic::{CurveAffine, FieldExt},
+    pallas,
+};
+
+/// The value commitment is used to check balance between inputs and outputs. The value is
+/// placed over this generator.
+pub const GENERATOR: ([u8; 32], [u8; 32]) = (
+    [
+        145, 90, 60, 136, 104, 198, 195, 14, 47, 128, 144, 238, 69, 215, 110, 64, 72, 32, 141, 234,
+        91, 35, 102, 79, 187, 9, 164, 15, 85, 68, 244, 7,
+    ],
+    [
+        202, 217, 114, 167, 200, 70, 47, 14, 70, 129, 146, 243, 241, 41, 146, 39, 194, 183, 111,
+        228, 201, 44, 86, 33, 140, 98, 38, 175, 119, 103, 19, 36,
+    ],
+);
+
+/// Full-width z-values for GENERATOR
+pub const Z: [u64; super::NUM_WINDOWS] = [
+    181916, 22148, 340526, 80718, 104958, 86894, 43381, 1060, 82130, 4741, 55897, 4304, 114469,
+    20503, 25001, 62408, 52978, 35893, 72071, 154369, 67304, 7299, 27960, 42929, 51869, 89967,
+    62210, 59433, 47868, 32536, 105000, 1546, 2116, 18717, 50694, 22864, 254428, 54966, 108762,
+    46706, 65730, 45555, 7376, 50051, 24773, 74636, 44806, 23223, 78561, 50668, 7380, 13697,
+    171970, 269484, 25534, 5098, 79584, 6889, 21432, 73095, 36745, 37350, 6274, 5179, 50216, 12007,
+    44029, 88199, 70401, 14120, 19017, 2423, 26494, 34954, 126293, 167379, 136922, 45619, 30331,
+    22632, 163228, 12997, 4461, 32320, 13430,
+];
+
+/// Full-width u-values for GENERATOR
+pub const U: [[[u8; 32]; super::H]; super::NUM_WINDOWS] = [
+    [
+        [
+            139, 239, 3, 113, 200, 111, 72, 118, 105, 23, 186, 243, 234, 10, 173, 186, 53, 143,
+            244, 250, 24, 189, 161, 158, 43, 13, 143, 252, 82, 104, 150, 55,
+        ],
+        [
+            102, 10, 45, 173, 93, 142, 120, 21, 105, 140, 183, 3, 198, 201, 198, 184, 15, 206, 177,
+            131, 9, 25, 103, 232, 162, 26, 45, 202, 9, 125, 93, 49,
+        ],
+        [
+            7, 184, 84, 133, 195, 104, 173, 245, 198, 202, 50, 197, 58, 26, 187, 116, 72, 224, 153,
+            67, 200, 174, 32, 60, 195, 80, 152, 192, 131, 168, 208, 13,
+        ],
+        [
+            62, 23, 97, 17, 76, 95, 147, 158, 244, 165, 111, 203, 162, 25, 80, 235, 63, 80, 45, 12,
+            254, 236, 154, 135, 211, 75, 44, 122, 125, 197, 9, 41,
+        ],
+        [
+            99, 80, 223, 192, 185, 128, 95, 248, 127, 225, 142, 107, 179, 40, 8, 112, 59, 60, 81,
+            89, 87, 153, 126, 140, 190, 187, 139, 9, 24, 21, 104, 5,
+        ],
+        [
+            39, 201, 225, 147, 38, 14, 83, 216, 168, 53, 60, 41, 194, 52, 37, 141, 20, 20, 10, 242,
+            173, 169, 194, 72, 182, 95, 173, 186, 229, 115, 178, 37,
+        ],
+        [
+            234, 29, 76, 124, 112, 42, 82, 57, 181, 205, 61, 90, 58, 224, 227, 21, 83, 58, 30, 216,
+            161, 10, 104, 83, 34, 113, 192, 146, 141, 215, 219, 44,
+        ],
+        [
+            218, 183, 114, 168, 64, 166, 144, 113, 219, 75, 64, 32, 252, 13, 10, 111, 244, 194, 79,
+            70, 7, 209, 129, 66, 232, 180, 217, 248, 61, 191, 59, 51,
+        ],
+    ],
+    [
+        [
+            96, 67, 69, 38, 122, 193, 223, 87, 223, 138, 202, 119, 235, 141, 70, 229, 166, 135,
+            208, 39, 220, 143, 203, 102, 106, 99, 115, 39, 8, 60, 31, 30,
+        ],
+        [
+            207, 136, 59, 50, 178, 209, 184, 137, 238, 170, 63, 147, 102, 56, 194, 30, 152, 87,
+            165, 250, 203, 71, 154, 64, 41, 216, 239, 143, 9, 94, 33, 52,
+        ],
+        [
+            158, 74, 177, 224, 26, 70, 115, 103, 211, 95, 237, 92, 72, 210, 216, 225, 165, 20, 251,
+            241, 200, 140, 178, 182, 154, 65, 105, 144, 85, 65, 240, 46,
+        ],
+        [
+            11, 99, 19, 189, 201, 13, 110, 245, 240, 219, 4, 55, 24, 81, 54, 2, 82, 54, 171, 29,
+            203, 99, 234, 64, 175, 154, 87, 112, 249, 29, 20, 30,
+        ],
+        [
+            213, 177, 148, 202, 251, 114, 75, 8, 198, 148, 44, 102, 185, 120, 226, 222, 251, 65,
+            206, 38, 99, 180, 62, 13, 221, 122, 206, 148, 10, 212, 234, 4,
+        ],
+        [
+            191, 60, 118, 185, 153, 148, 200, 78, 50, 10, 66, 97, 26, 79, 240, 136, 20, 115, 39,
+            240, 166, 237, 87, 98, 223, 84, 197, 151, 230, 139, 235, 7,
+        ],
+        [
+            170, 86, 142, 224, 231, 59, 184, 35, 237, 52, 13, 72, 108, 156, 227, 229, 214, 103,
+            175, 139, 231, 148, 146, 51, 195, 157, 221, 189, 122, 27, 227, 37,
+        ],
+        [
+            88, 29, 201, 124, 227, 97, 36, 193, 215, 180, 137, 50, 249, 137, 10, 118, 67, 200, 35,
+            42, 181, 217, 213, 146, 210, 159, 47, 194, 165, 101, 241, 20,
+        ],
+    ],
+    [
+        [
+            147, 4, 192, 237, 120, 223, 231, 71, 128, 237, 0, 110, 243, 11, 132, 152, 102, 150,
+            212, 251, 145, 56, 21, 247, 78, 232, 88, 204, 26, 139, 75, 1,
+        ],
+        [
+            242, 104, 68, 11, 78, 77, 207, 142, 185, 45, 95, 183, 81, 22, 8, 125, 247, 66, 152, 59,
+            191, 118, 51, 215, 85, 0, 51, 170, 147, 239, 110, 17,
+        ],
+        [
+            148, 204, 16, 59, 17, 174, 121, 72, 218, 232, 205, 215, 128, 255, 187, 112, 141, 188,
+            30, 2, 176, 122, 78, 158, 147, 150, 228, 25, 253, 68, 254, 43,
+        ],
+        [
+            30, 207, 11, 138, 80, 55, 51, 156, 139, 83, 138, 33, 115, 159, 197, 188, 79, 31, 104,
+            111, 62, 80, 183, 143, 105, 189, 238, 79, 147, 212, 156, 11,
+        ],
+        [
+            162, 59, 128, 0, 14, 229, 58, 101, 219, 135, 2, 93, 2, 254, 14, 43, 143, 219, 76, 121,
+            233, 148, 54, 51, 227, 115, 38, 253, 95, 103, 191, 21,
+        ],
+        [
+            117, 191, 41, 120, 209, 97, 234, 18, 169, 17, 7, 120, 210, 68, 139, 185, 133, 131, 43,
+            106, 10, 107, 18, 21, 57, 8, 190, 228, 149, 37, 158, 51,
+        ],
+        [
+            31, 174, 69, 213, 168, 110, 159, 179, 18, 94, 76, 220, 112, 128, 252, 184, 236, 100,
+            185, 238, 191, 51, 204, 100, 107, 218, 101, 96, 106, 166, 70, 6,
+        ],
+        [
+            123, 139, 4, 10, 146, 168, 123, 135, 46, 115, 8, 11, 195, 106, 68, 214, 136, 168, 177,
+            1, 184, 13, 51, 185, 184, 187, 68, 26, 157, 183, 41, 62,
+        ],
+    ],
+    [
+        [
+            153, 31, 98, 227, 163, 137, 0, 129, 133, 57, 178, 132, 239, 46, 204, 124, 73, 65, 29,
+            216, 30, 37, 56, 132, 241, 220, 62, 78, 187, 62, 240, 45,
+        ],
+        [
+            125, 116, 131, 117, 46, 193, 254, 93, 79, 76, 177, 57, 31, 200, 120, 132, 186, 53, 66,
+            220, 163, 178, 5, 230, 188, 212, 210, 25, 188, 103, 93, 44,
+        ],
+        [
+            49, 162, 67, 249, 87, 145, 89, 247, 245, 104, 208, 165, 219, 100, 16, 187, 142, 200,
+            66, 47, 38, 77, 245, 3, 108, 74, 62, 106, 50, 208, 84, 52,
+        ],
+        [
+            201, 221, 108, 129, 170, 111, 64, 73, 140, 255, 129, 243, 252, 87, 129, 226, 170, 210,
+            141, 213, 121, 212, 34, 184, 139, 157, 198, 98, 40, 50, 160, 59,
+        ],
+        [
+            238, 218, 145, 5, 148, 79, 125, 6, 93, 100, 166, 138, 241, 213, 11, 178, 96, 251, 113,
+            138, 47, 97, 33, 222, 224, 129, 174, 130, 217, 164, 140, 29,
+        ],
+        [
+            212, 178, 199, 211, 213, 183, 6, 187, 140, 241, 90, 125, 180, 76, 46, 158, 109, 136,
+            103, 168, 66, 53, 177, 127, 32, 212, 197, 52, 144, 147, 136, 45,
+        ],
+        [
+            103, 249, 188, 165, 128, 120, 137, 119, 158, 154, 30, 17, 38, 169, 19, 33, 53, 148, 37,
+            218, 95, 85, 148, 115, 41, 250, 150, 226, 101, 212, 163, 30,
+        ],
+        [
+            230, 249, 111, 35, 125, 100, 99, 9, 198, 41, 46, 115, 83, 8, 31, 196, 164, 188, 94, 8,
+            109, 175, 164, 169, 64, 5, 78, 121, 162, 246, 59, 53,
+        ],
+    ],
+    [
+        [
+            64, 172, 254, 150, 194, 0, 229, 126, 227, 156, 144, 238, 66, 221, 251, 17, 212, 189,
+            75, 173, 183, 141, 105, 90, 211, 214, 215, 190, 220, 218, 32, 2,
+        ],
+        [
+            250, 142, 28, 190, 160, 225, 213, 205, 14, 211, 102, 52, 153, 255, 151, 209, 225, 2,
+            33, 25, 213, 238, 238, 198, 18, 154, 228, 241, 241, 54, 157, 60,
+        ],
+        [
+            75, 214, 166, 211, 115, 128, 32, 28, 77, 81, 147, 56, 39, 155, 109, 112, 10, 160, 98,
+            103, 72, 95, 27, 59, 207, 229, 174, 25, 4, 251, 92, 60,
+        ],
+        [
+            34, 113, 137, 237, 47, 68, 116, 169, 227, 218, 209, 74, 23, 162, 182, 147, 221, 151,
+            145, 79, 131, 95, 193, 132, 143, 130, 130, 227, 245, 198, 206, 27,
+        ],
+        [
+            127, 167, 50, 210, 223, 36, 251, 32, 21, 244, 240, 170, 220, 7, 86, 197, 230, 237, 222,
+            25, 156, 33, 93, 227, 95, 118, 148, 123, 226, 170, 189, 62,
+        ],
+        [
+            172, 190, 180, 238, 11, 198, 98, 110, 7, 7, 137, 152, 215, 206, 40, 220, 218, 85, 9,
+            52, 172, 74, 5, 214, 152, 191, 17, 48, 100, 173, 54, 26,
+        ],
+        [
+            247, 12, 146, 226, 110, 132, 132, 139, 243, 207, 204, 228, 47, 186, 231, 240, 231, 176,
+            133, 36, 206, 22, 119, 135, 22, 145, 197, 100, 20, 199, 15, 58,
+        ],
+        [
+            175, 19, 90, 7, 34, 58, 172, 219, 22, 67, 115, 16, 50, 51, 173, 31, 133, 161, 1, 229,
+            178, 133, 102, 152, 55, 78, 45, 110, 75, 239, 234, 38,
+        ],
+    ],
+    [
+        [
+            145, 188, 217, 28, 211, 109, 158, 69, 114, 242, 67, 177, 86, 231, 235, 110, 226, 248,
+            92, 192, 231, 217, 250, 30, 54, 110, 42, 17, 4, 123, 63, 41,
+        ],
+        [
+            239, 149, 56, 141, 40, 202, 6, 176, 150, 138, 225, 8, 95, 21, 41, 149, 135, 163, 132,
+            41, 2, 43, 139, 171, 27, 196, 102, 64, 33, 218, 153, 59,
+        ],
+        [
+            203, 34, 210, 53, 46, 172, 48, 78, 145, 63, 217, 49, 77, 236, 1, 154, 200, 72, 24, 2,
+            222, 189, 166, 166, 132, 245, 177, 199, 89, 54, 126, 25,
+        ],
+        [
+            86, 6, 180, 69, 62, 170, 243, 248, 240, 30, 241, 155, 22, 79, 11, 110, 178, 64, 195,
+            62, 30, 75, 182, 14, 113, 220, 96, 15, 168, 107, 37, 60,
+        ],
+        [
+            119, 113, 192, 238, 13, 95, 60, 229, 22, 93, 102, 163, 170, 144, 188, 6, 194, 160, 69,
+            116, 94, 199, 26, 192, 249, 116, 128, 72, 184, 45, 162, 35,
+        ],
+        [
+            94, 223, 14, 35, 38, 97, 179, 224, 57, 126, 170, 251, 91, 103, 84, 23, 224, 151, 106,
+            199, 236, 106, 163, 141, 58, 175, 81, 80, 40, 214, 201, 59,
+        ],
+        [
+            132, 112, 204, 9, 226, 55, 185, 75, 231, 21, 48, 249, 198, 110, 57, 82, 123, 164, 91,
+            16, 85, 246, 121, 57, 4, 132, 38, 133, 2, 196, 123, 63,
+        ],
+        [
+            10, 232, 165, 228, 159, 111, 77, 10, 124, 168, 59, 111, 134, 139, 175, 115, 181, 41,
+            195, 207, 122, 3, 181, 1, 233, 171, 144, 20, 209, 170, 250, 28,
+        ],
+    ],
+    [
+        [
+            31, 220, 178, 109, 251, 49, 176, 112, 11, 205, 236, 79, 93, 93, 209, 18, 54, 37, 19,
+            194, 83, 223, 91, 242, 233, 83, 141, 144, 135, 244, 105, 56,
+        ],
+        [
+            81, 231, 94, 170, 107, 127, 203, 163, 10, 183, 25, 198, 4, 61, 67, 154, 163, 90, 74, 9,
+            200, 29, 145, 141, 166, 123, 62, 13, 104, 194, 93, 50,
+        ],
+        [
+            172, 180, 2, 27, 47, 80, 235, 164, 224, 160, 254, 247, 147, 236, 137, 122, 237, 65, 98,
+            174, 224, 209, 61, 144, 152, 43, 50, 80, 206, 128, 29, 7,
+        ],
+        [
+            96, 37, 53, 71, 220, 216, 77, 204, 62, 14, 73, 192, 136, 118, 209, 107, 116, 89, 247,
+            117, 41, 254, 157, 253, 146, 83, 61, 134, 172, 217, 167, 61,
+        ],
+        [
+            104, 117, 19, 237, 94, 120, 199, 136, 125, 131, 228, 144, 28, 10, 148, 119, 106, 17,
+            250, 90, 94, 194, 167, 240, 113, 247, 183, 253, 160, 184, 27, 9,
+        ],
+        [
+            192, 24, 53, 127, 235, 143, 177, 125, 190, 143, 56, 228, 130, 68, 241, 104, 203, 233,
+            225, 7, 148, 95, 154, 210, 22, 127, 67, 100, 19, 0, 18, 49,
+        ],
+        [
+            236, 129, 24, 57, 236, 189, 67, 7, 7, 189, 46, 125, 107, 150, 52, 83, 225, 198, 101,
+            47, 123, 198, 8, 88, 198, 83, 121, 40, 186, 113, 242, 42,
+        ],
+        [
+            120, 71, 188, 215, 73, 12, 233, 32, 183, 162, 175, 38, 132, 27, 32, 249, 176, 102, 92,
+            123, 174, 249, 228, 134, 124, 231, 187, 191, 240, 9, 236, 25,
+        ],
+    ],
+    [
+        [
+            44, 238, 221, 171, 60, 205, 205, 235, 28, 12, 166, 250, 253, 81, 171, 208, 182, 24, 91,
+            210, 129, 225, 102, 183, 208, 189, 114, 152, 151, 157, 226, 51,
+        ],
+        [
+            103, 138, 231, 149, 85, 124, 78, 82, 40, 17, 231, 154, 156, 3, 30, 222, 245, 52, 94,
+            21, 104, 35, 253, 234, 63, 93, 118, 157, 170, 22, 250, 37,
+        ],
+        [
+            40, 91, 164, 160, 164, 242, 12, 226, 36, 210, 221, 128, 70, 87, 209, 36, 35, 189, 44,
+            85, 110, 100, 212, 166, 132, 244, 106, 243, 103, 75, 243, 20,
+        ],
+        [
+            159, 108, 152, 218, 145, 14, 59, 25, 174, 120, 118, 20, 221, 214, 134, 127, 8, 84, 14,
+            151, 206, 249, 43, 127, 219, 205, 103, 185, 160, 23, 8, 55,
+        ],
+        [
+            248, 129, 230, 218, 151, 177, 113, 167, 115, 89, 111, 199, 44, 100, 229, 186, 76, 136,
+            78, 174, 14, 239, 223, 152, 0, 35, 134, 159, 69, 198, 100, 37,
+        ],
+        [
+            86, 62, 241, 104, 218, 62, 10, 203, 109, 39, 47, 242, 110, 34, 17, 62, 188, 251, 109,
+            224, 224, 49, 232, 249, 158, 44, 131, 184, 232, 169, 151, 11,
+        ],
+        [
+            230, 160, 217, 171, 53, 116, 55, 143, 30, 111, 3, 92, 203, 224, 216, 180, 33, 218, 240,
+            25, 183, 233, 55, 238, 165, 146, 168, 141, 40, 92, 37, 22,
+        ],
+        [
+            209, 112, 179, 95, 105, 7, 163, 138, 141, 97, 118, 174, 120, 237, 72, 230, 79, 172, 90,
+            219, 26, 192, 38, 228, 122, 28, 72, 80, 235, 193, 127, 34,
+        ],
+    ],
+    [
+        [
+            254, 28, 193, 110, 41, 72, 172, 152, 87, 109, 233, 222, 140, 147, 159, 124, 148, 182,
+            94, 179, 206, 34, 33, 50, 172, 30, 12, 199, 87, 72, 165, 41,
+        ],
+        [
+            245, 173, 241, 93, 248, 176, 51, 64, 144, 104, 208, 216, 16, 206, 94, 152, 167, 89,
+            137, 196, 246, 240, 87, 167, 171, 104, 27, 116, 108, 217, 22, 9,
+        ],
+        [
+            132, 156, 222, 191, 17, 62, 197, 49, 34, 216, 214, 33, 47, 82, 224, 216, 170, 239, 241,
+            126, 234, 212, 199, 91, 138, 110, 27, 128, 117, 50, 242, 32,
+        ],
+        [
+            64, 5, 181, 26, 70, 28, 184, 194, 87, 116, 43, 93, 67, 92, 174, 29, 11, 79, 243, 240,
+            11, 121, 157, 62, 58, 33, 181, 90, 211, 131, 7, 8,
+        ],
+        [
+            230, 49, 144, 6, 195, 18, 172, 214, 238, 213, 186, 116, 144, 69, 231, 252, 84, 102, 91,
+            94, 200, 169, 229, 178, 99, 245, 15, 119, 190, 194, 95, 54,
+        ],
+        [
+            41, 252, 108, 140, 207, 174, 78, 195, 183, 186, 125, 24, 131, 106, 216, 108, 184, 153,
+            249, 79, 94, 210, 124, 195, 115, 224, 63, 192, 184, 83, 30, 26,
+        ],
+        [
+            208, 125, 51, 179, 127, 202, 37, 211, 44, 72, 27, 164, 254, 137, 58, 148, 0, 63, 41,
+            234, 1, 158, 72, 25, 169, 132, 1, 189, 215, 2, 64, 14,
+        ],
+        [
+            46, 111, 37, 127, 176, 137, 50, 89, 246, 138, 208, 203, 106, 195, 157, 231, 240, 144,
+            240, 225, 64, 198, 233, 167, 127, 40, 231, 104, 82, 155, 45, 18,
+        ],
+    ],
+    [
+        [
+            25, 54, 51, 222, 26, 219, 162, 250, 134, 244, 11, 167, 206, 151, 28, 254, 63, 143, 163,
+            169, 151, 94, 5, 207, 253, 137, 198, 25, 88, 102, 129, 24,
+        ],
+        [
+            173, 42, 240, 164, 55, 124, 163, 247, 2, 94, 188, 244, 114, 36, 131, 79, 243, 126, 25,
+            60, 70, 209, 150, 121, 9, 44, 80, 224, 183, 131, 133, 40,
+        ],
+        [
+            246, 58, 162, 49, 244, 161, 222, 142, 77, 187, 24, 76, 41, 16, 76, 147, 43, 143, 173,
+            142, 112, 194, 31, 105, 27, 195, 126, 227, 23, 231, 208, 8,
+        ],
+        [
+            35, 200, 84, 68, 62, 127, 102, 254, 54, 172, 151, 193, 222, 181, 190, 204, 95, 57, 33,
+            225, 15, 79, 237, 101, 28, 239, 186, 29, 41, 69, 98, 21,
+        ],
+        [
+            100, 64, 24, 112, 156, 153, 245, 233, 166, 182, 114, 120, 185, 207, 43, 155, 145, 73,
+            64, 215, 81, 169, 35, 240, 69, 116, 5, 34, 240, 79, 105, 1,
+        ],
+        [
+            226, 59, 11, 185, 102, 13, 42, 109, 44, 163, 130, 161, 218, 147, 189, 18, 60, 61, 123,
+            242, 172, 208, 131, 138, 118, 95, 21, 111, 46, 74, 82, 1,
+        ],
+        [
+            217, 244, 22, 128, 132, 230, 210, 181, 187, 251, 65, 195, 81, 129, 222, 206, 97, 14,
+            178, 243, 19, 113, 209, 11, 142, 86, 248, 246, 229, 152, 162, 17,
+        ],
+        [
+            59, 102, 139, 93, 161, 101, 23, 36, 218, 70, 246, 128, 98, 147, 174, 207, 84, 139, 39,
+            67, 227, 7, 130, 64, 37, 22, 194, 218, 191, 43, 34, 45,
+        ],
+    ],
+    [
+        [
+            243, 215, 252, 180, 108, 191, 218, 211, 153, 49, 144, 152, 90, 95, 76, 233, 106, 222,
+            156, 245, 61, 172, 45, 242, 58, 167, 202, 227, 245, 236, 247, 20,
+        ],
+        [
+            2, 213, 207, 34, 65, 186, 12, 228, 150, 46, 40, 66, 72, 196, 244, 151, 80, 62, 116,
+            141, 36, 52, 180, 11, 184, 13, 175, 50, 172, 66, 85, 29,
+        ],
+        [
+            185, 172, 242, 99, 188, 15, 56, 93, 53, 83, 208, 174, 10, 71, 76, 36, 98, 173, 159, 81,
+            53, 129, 157, 220, 61, 93, 12, 123, 21, 2, 123, 46,
+        ],
+        [
+            195, 200, 168, 165, 148, 30, 154, 31, 130, 39, 105, 199, 45, 122, 208, 75, 43, 40, 223,
+            149, 143, 209, 121, 207, 176, 192, 237, 254, 133, 131, 212, 14,
+        ],
+        [
+            243, 120, 106, 116, 193, 82, 61, 254, 19, 211, 26, 13, 30, 197, 160, 76, 142, 143, 228,
+            54, 49, 114, 253, 198, 190, 58, 118, 175, 105, 244, 57, 1,
+        ],
+        [
+            187, 65, 118, 89, 48, 103, 234, 64, 137, 212, 20, 130, 63, 41, 167, 40, 204, 105, 151,
+            188, 106, 116, 212, 8, 33, 220, 86, 126, 174, 117, 241, 11,
+        ],
+        [
+            23, 36, 152, 55, 25, 64, 51, 241, 153, 94, 53, 240, 244, 26, 191, 249, 76, 47, 167, 53,
+            103, 179, 87, 200, 85, 57, 187, 73, 87, 186, 71, 5,
+        ],
+        [
+            3, 245, 6, 142, 151, 192, 17, 62, 8, 136, 223, 178, 122, 228, 234, 192, 18, 12, 162,
+            186, 249, 173, 183, 20, 190, 238, 56, 35, 142, 237, 243, 2,
+        ],
+    ],
+    [
+        [
+            214, 249, 38, 19, 194, 4, 20, 205, 62, 197, 25, 3, 103, 4, 128, 12, 222, 100, 14, 15,
+            9, 188, 229, 54, 182, 46, 18, 0, 53, 137, 27, 32,
+        ],
+        [
+            1, 248, 42, 1, 186, 186, 208, 3, 200, 86, 156, 177, 16, 214, 197, 100, 46, 136, 45,
+            186, 221, 12, 30, 122, 141, 141, 242, 37, 9, 23, 50, 31,
+        ],
+        [
+            30, 193, 71, 240, 123, 34, 96, 160, 159, 81, 65, 89, 85, 224, 39, 182, 188, 43, 148, 4,
+            178, 136, 230, 179, 120, 157, 237, 153, 144, 203, 166, 18,
+        ],
+        [
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+        ],
+        [
+            201, 43, 72, 102, 184, 137, 0, 15, 252, 35, 236, 135, 16, 241, 233, 164, 218, 184, 188,
+            92, 174, 121, 33, 207, 166, 154, 39, 203, 16, 89, 89, 46,
+        ],
+    ],
+];
+
+pub fn generator() -> pallas::Affine {
+    pallas::Affine::from_xy(
+        pallas::Base::from_bytes(&GENERATOR.0).unwrap(),
+        pallas::Base::from_bytes(&GENERATOR.1).unwrap(),
+    )
+    .unwrap()
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::super::{
+        test_lagrange_coeffs, test_zs_and_us, NUM_WINDOWS, VALUE_COMMITMENT_PERSONALIZATION,
+    };
+    use super::*;
+    use group::Curve;
+    use pasta_curves::{
+        arithmetic::{CurveAffine, CurveExt, FieldExt},
+        pallas,
+    };
+
+    #[test]
+    fn generator() {
+        let hasher = pallas::Point::hash_to_curve(VALUE_COMMITMENT_PERSONALIZATION);
+        let point = hasher(b"r");
+        let coords = point.to_affine().coordinates().unwrap();
+
+        assert_eq!(*coords.x(), pallas::Base::from_bytes(&GENERATOR.0).unwrap());
+        assert_eq!(*coords.y(), pallas::Base::from_bytes(&GENERATOR.1).unwrap());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn lagrange_coeffs() {
+        let base = super::generator();
+        test_lagrange_coeffs(base, NUM_WINDOWS);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn z() {
+        let base = super::generator();
+        test_zs_and_us(base, &Z, &U, NUM_WINDOWS);
+    }
+}

src/crypto/constants/fixed_bases/value_commit_v.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,818 @@
+use pasta_curves::{
+    arithmetic::{CurveAffine, FieldExt},
+    pallas,
+};
+
+/// The value commitment is used to check balance between inputs and outputs. The value is
+/// placed over this generator.
+pub const GENERATOR: ([u8; 32], [u8; 32]) = (
+    [
+        103, 67, 249, 58, 110, 189, 167, 42, 140, 124, 90, 43, 127, 163, 4, 254, 50, 178, 155, 79,
+        112, 106, 168, 247, 66, 15, 61, 142, 122, 89, 112, 47,
+    ],
+    [
+        142, 242, 90, 175, 126, 196, 19, 164, 219, 227, 255, 167, 102, 167, 158, 29, 66, 108, 109,
+        19, 99, 127, 145, 30, 175, 25, 25, 49, 105, 81, 14, 45,
+    ],
+);
+
+/// Short signed z-values for GENERATOR
+pub const Z_SHORT: [u64; super::NUM_WINDOWS_SHORT] = [
+    163547, 76040, 88852, 128479, 54088, 89871, 39598, 144309, 43471, 102492, 741, 55288, 33756,
+    77312, 12095, 48253, 45718, 202901, 33132, 71081, 152108, 169712,
+];
+
+/// Short signed u-values for GENERATOR
+pub const U_SHORT: [[[u8; 32]; super::H]; super::NUM_WINDOWS_SHORT] = [
+    [
+        [
+            16, 88, 158, 52, 92, 165, 59, 177, 224, 70, 108, 93, 144, 51, 8, 133, 114, 192, 151,
+            40, 85, 33, 52, 118, 147, 163, 220, 193, 171, 43, 73, 27,
+        ],
+        [
+            201, 84, 190, 165, 219, 228, 63, 155, 182, 74, 179, 74, 230, 96, 89, 168, 110, 162, 83,
+            218, 185, 137, 194, 92, 244, 85, 1, 60, 59, 16, 119, 14,
+        ],
+        [
+            113, 146, 25, 32, 206, 37, 173, 225, 58, 41, 184, 214, 177, 123, 211, 55, 42, 208, 214,
+            45, 149, 99, 31, 171, 172, 226, 219, 171, 246, 85, 116, 59,
+        ],
+        [
+            10, 79, 89, 241, 37, 161, 115, 213, 183, 43, 68, 233, 219, 249, 131, 137, 41, 119, 153,
+            24, 92, 87, 138, 167, 93, 46, 32, 97, 102, 164, 164, 53,
+        ],
+        [
+            50, 252, 2, 254, 234, 133, 190, 34, 244, 192, 31, 96, 156, 152, 150, 88, 154, 224, 223,
+            144, 223, 113, 203, 226, 214, 44, 69, 198, 171, 60, 26, 45,
+        ],
+        [
+            151, 65, 173, 0, 249, 13, 78, 201, 84, 58, 255, 120, 124, 169, 98, 242, 239, 132, 149,
+            204, 146, 244, 55, 176, 56, 26, 19, 148, 125, 42, 26, 32,
+        ],
+        [
+            6, 29, 196, 176, 135, 157, 248, 239, 196, 9, 100, 82, 220, 41, 203, 49, 35, 108, 76,
+            59, 222, 47, 82, 39, 35, 23, 88, 136, 61, 90, 23, 57,
+        ],
+        [
+            169, 203, 101, 116, 220, 68, 34, 248, 199, 107, 202, 59, 111, 171, 90, 121, 119, 80,
+            146, 214, 191, 197, 220, 212, 125, 139, 12, 140, 198, 191, 110, 31,
+        ],
+    ],
+    [
+        [
+            16, 171, 139, 236, 248, 28, 27, 145, 109, 161, 63, 121, 19, 190, 106, 193, 13, 122,
+            108, 54, 95, 202, 195, 184, 118, 60, 72, 213, 154, 240, 52, 34,
+        ],
+        [
+            131, 218, 16, 142, 97, 153, 190, 249, 118, 171, 187, 254, 21, 17, 202, 48, 107, 23,
+            103, 72, 159, 238, 228, 38, 183, 166, 74, 136, 77, 51, 85, 18,
+        ],
+        [
+            137, 78, 204, 243, 154, 87, 148, 200, 11, 98, 58, 33, 89, 170, 198, 87, 29, 187, 167,
+            122, 157, 151, 5, 148, 254, 216, 113, 12, 158, 243, 102, 63,
+        ],
+        [
+            16, 187, 216, 98, 244, 19, 70, 209, 217, 133, 240, 226, 111, 219, 247, 74, 4, 231, 183,
+            216, 35, 174, 192, 96, 129, 159, 39, 96, 200, 174, 126, 1,
+        ],
+        [
+            185, 2, 174, 129, 110, 163, 212, 152, 214, 139, 105, 150, 23, 209, 185, 245, 71, 8,
+            171, 142, 43, 57, 167, 172, 233, 77, 194, 166, 118, 232, 127, 35,
+        ],
+        [
+            57, 28, 236, 33, 234, 0, 214, 131, 161, 209, 42, 25, 194, 150, 82, 126, 216, 23, 81,
+            85, 90, 47, 95, 46, 119, 108, 253, 12, 92, 29, 13, 25,
+        ],
+        [
+            100, 162, 156, 175, 254, 203, 69, 171, 182, 190, 85, 161, 94, 117, 225, 0, 95, 121,
+            190, 235, 79, 7, 147, 134, 48, 156, 113, 55, 114, 229, 174, 25,
+        ],
+        [
+            243, 93, 223, 98, 132, 0, 171, 125, 135, 53, 111, 49, 49, 173, 69, 211, 62, 106, 168,
+            221, 115, 208, 2, 20, 14, 150, 124, 130, 189, 48, 16, 15,
+        ],
+    ],
+    [
+        [
+            43, 238, 4, 240, 186, 135, 47, 128, 185, 51, 70, 196, 3, 137, 22, 254, 29, 247, 161,
+            233, 187, 255, 239, 183, 150, 179, 8, 64, 90, 33, 17, 54,
+        ],
+        [
+            20, 226, 19, 60, 92, 195, 1, 255, 100, 188, 89, 54, 98, 225, 138, 133, 26, 140, 202,
+            76, 107, 199, 46, 54, 167, 23, 119, 80, 19, 25, 34, 5,
+        ],
+        [
+            145, 109, 10, 159, 200, 145, 32, 253, 32, 93, 187, 12, 66, 161, 44, 217, 16, 100, 225,
+            37, 139, 125, 169, 119, 83, 34, 96, 130, 234, 255, 138, 38,
+        ],
+        [
+            148, 127, 71, 227, 195, 244, 12, 49, 83, 78, 218, 9, 176, 158, 12, 5, 194, 54, 44, 157,
+            252, 228, 175, 170, 54, 91, 49, 254, 83, 228, 180, 61,
+        ],
+        [
+            36, 96, 238, 61, 227, 144, 153, 81, 121, 197, 74, 190, 35, 216, 255, 92, 70, 7, 168,
+            219, 130, 255, 172, 71, 200, 31, 142, 232, 255, 117, 96, 15,
+        ],
+        [
+            50, 152, 255, 238, 188, 127, 140, 240, 203, 33, 246, 193, 228, 179, 25, 1, 227, 194,
+            79, 70, 41, 160, 83, 243, 148, 1, 95, 86, 63, 22, 55, 40,
+        ],
+        [
+            99, 228, 147, 46, 232, 157, 225, 210, 45, 159, 169, 42, 184, 90, 3, 165, 62, 4, 93,
+            181, 74, 187, 112, 156, 26, 103, 199, 84, 132, 148, 14, 24,
+        ],
+        [
+            120, 163, 182, 125, 197, 141, 122, 21, 166, 103, 203, 57, 160, 228, 242, 192, 203, 40,
+            233, 179, 8, 173, 199, 21, 213, 215, 222, 129, 23, 153, 25, 29,
+        ],
+    ],
+    [
+        [
+            189, 6, 27, 46, 68, 6, 124, 69, 159, 212, 18, 104, 218, 16, 66, 183, 250, 92, 69, 5,
+            218, 234, 31, 198, 123, 100, 216, 103, 106, 113, 192, 43,
+        ],
+        [
+            226, 152, 83, 159, 143, 155, 164, 90, 171, 100, 22, 240, 187, 26, 55, 172, 170, 133,
+            128, 192, 29, 33, 35, 8, 59, 142, 20, 204, 151, 172, 29, 28,
+        ],
+        [
+            196, 57, 232, 112, 46, 200, 26, 93, 224, 191, 117, 154, 9, 47, 228, 145, 122, 137, 238,
+            236, 70, 14, 112, 163, 96, 140, 239, 122, 75, 200, 206, 12,
+        ],
+        [
+            91, 66, 65, 159, 86, 50, 113, 39, 30, 12, 213, 235, 15, 70, 163, 119, 112, 27, 22, 170,
+            151, 20, 71, 172, 65, 251, 224, 76, 26, 189, 118, 42,
+        ],
+        [
+            195, 200, 87, 207, 125, 122, 254, 50, 24, 40, 189, 169, 237, 228, 134, 66, 37, 220, 23,
+            98, 202, 193, 152, 184, 171, 63, 105, 11, 70, 94, 154, 58,
+        ],
+        [
+            4, 0, 82, 125, 41, 130, 11, 238, 112, 201, 95, 30, 144, 31, 31, 233, 86, 121, 145, 200,
+            204, 89, 182, 51, 151, 169, 58, 206, 184, 219, 181, 46,
+        ],
+        [
+            36, 240, 60, 205, 120, 239, 9, 98, 61, 228, 247, 9, 145, 71, 67, 10, 164, 160, 186,
+            104, 25, 225, 210, 37, 31, 42, 58, 208, 44, 19, 30, 29,
+        ],
+        [
+            163, 214, 140, 64, 48, 239, 54, 175, 108, 32, 187, 248, 142, 77, 244, 117, 10, 236, 39,
+            80, 158, 44, 98, 44, 248, 24, 208, 60, 173, 247, 115, 28,
+        ],
+    ],
+    [
+        [
+            230, 166, 7, 118, 178, 55, 26, 250, 91, 159, 230, 158, 34, 135, 91, 49, 166, 244, 124,
+            175, 86, 228, 159, 119, 231, 15, 19, 199, 219, 85, 233, 19,
+        ],
+        [
+            65, 240, 77, 9, 197, 255, 96, 35, 239, 161, 177, 115, 83, 114, 180, 179, 118, 158, 220,
+            61, 177, 3, 175, 70, 132, 51, 87, 79, 36, 104, 129, 15,
+        ],
+        [
+            245, 9, 141, 218, 228, 57, 204, 250, 83, 156, 160, 158, 146, 157, 206, 198, 16, 94, 80,
+            59, 31, 242, 163, 30, 80, 99, 32, 142, 193, 101, 172, 22,
+        ],
+        [
+            22, 68, 73, 27, 236, 149, 225, 78, 69, 83, 174, 202, 98, 113, 148, 167, 43, 132, 118,
+            49, 153, 96, 186, 134, 20, 103, 123, 48, 75, 104, 207, 6,
+        ],
+        [
+            186, 5, 66, 183, 166, 255, 222, 14, 34, 0, 105, 167, 36, 11, 210, 228, 91, 103, 65,
+            248, 3, 48, 117, 240, 180, 214, 201, 222, 5, 202, 103, 42,
+        ],
+        [
+            231, 31, 19, 122, 240, 72, 34, 93, 204, 125, 90, 215, 124, 174, 124, 28, 145, 103, 126,
+            178, 1, 9, 152, 240, 251, 118, 14, 195, 197, 167, 136, 22,
+        ],
+        [
+            121, 57, 39, 104, 26, 135, 98, 221, 85, 199, 94, 230, 223, 129, 28, 191, 185, 0, 46,
+            200, 72, 116, 202, 255, 80, 180, 13, 98, 229, 217, 238, 17,
+        ],
+        [
+            228, 158, 59, 241, 50, 224, 177, 78, 8, 121, 211, 157, 95, 196, 88, 59, 85, 141, 134,
+            50, 123, 168, 175, 115, 240, 153, 223, 61, 71, 229, 77, 10,
+        ],
+    ],
+    [
+        [
+            196, 151, 212, 168, 230, 19, 214, 179, 118, 17, 196, 50, 76, 231, 114, 80, 178, 137,
+            232, 241, 60, 2, 0, 124, 25, 239, 98, 131, 220, 159, 221, 51,
+        ],
+        [
+            207, 216, 50, 53, 106, 200, 85, 166, 137, 33, 29, 239, 97, 46, 104, 218, 177, 150, 178,
+            64, 232, 238, 208, 98, 103, 58, 233, 97, 1, 243, 73, 5,
+        ],
+        [
+            174, 215, 22, 124, 193, 136, 79, 91, 111, 146, 51, 128, 249, 129, 203, 168, 157, 164,
+            252, 144, 206, 10, 63, 253, 250, 113, 251, 65, 218, 23, 12, 25,
+        ],
+        [
+            186, 92, 109, 134, 176, 198, 214, 156, 148, 7, 106, 121, 226, 70, 250, 192, 180, 164,
+            16, 29, 245, 196, 155, 183, 214, 26, 3, 26, 249, 134, 153, 38,
+        ],
+        [
+            244, 56, 170, 227, 236, 145, 153, 150, 166, 77, 201, 48, 100, 130, 204, 194, 108, 207,
+            3, 243, 227, 41, 45, 8, 136, 106, 58, 70, 126, 3, 132, 59,
+        ],
+        [
+            215, 169, 24, 118, 5, 192, 171, 217, 47, 86, 212, 249, 228, 92, 248, 103, 242, 222, 17,
+            206, 36, 157, 126, 224, 105, 113, 239, 102, 54, 25, 151, 14,
+        ],
+        [
+            129, 213, 202, 163, 74, 201, 249, 43, 200, 62, 4, 232, 68, 211, 44, 153, 25, 71, 155,
+            5, 93, 19, 117, 195, 201, 179, 158, 207, 252, 213, 166, 62,
+        ],
+        [
+            86, 75, 236, 222, 217, 118, 49, 0, 141, 130, 201, 248, 34, 225, 69, 91, 186, 90, 246,
+            36, 141, 152, 166, 216, 118, 7, 38, 133, 147, 190, 79, 3,
+        ],
+    ],
+    [
+        [
+            226, 55, 121, 73, 104, 77, 129, 202, 168, 123, 192, 163, 28, 9, 195, 37, 116, 207, 125,
+            198, 203, 244, 121, 236, 232, 91, 168, 14, 142, 241, 250, 60,
+        ],
+        [
+            222, 86, 183, 37, 132, 107, 210, 125, 127, 46, 94, 81, 18, 91, 72, 160, 16, 193, 239,
+            114, 238, 186, 186, 203, 96, 169, 87, 155, 108, 36, 97, 6,
+        ],
+        [
+            110, 110, 99, 98, 167, 78, 75, 128, 33, 138, 18, 19, 194, 192, 219, 184, 74, 196, 82,
+            115, 241, 102, 30, 197, 199, 194, 154, 120, 49, 10, 95, 37,
+        ],
+        [
+            212, 206, 154, 98, 20, 33, 185, 182, 138, 207, 65, 197, 246, 19, 132, 52, 173, 186, 42,
+            243, 88, 20, 51, 11, 206, 25, 216, 48, 162, 138, 124, 13,
+        ],
+        [
+            32, 161, 64, 72, 1, 32, 243, 175, 251, 37, 86, 248, 136, 187, 181, 55, 39, 255, 98,
+            228, 189, 235, 194, 2, 228, 39, 92, 104, 245, 17, 117, 7,
+        ],
+        [
+            207, 205, 116, 251, 54, 21, 8, 82, 173, 45, 205, 38, 245, 155, 16, 56, 198, 232, 173,
+            88, 97, 22, 234, 26, 139, 206, 108, 254, 123, 87, 181, 26,
+        ],
+        [
+            38, 147, 223, 169, 68, 76, 49, 169, 137, 141, 72, 63, 166, 88, 34, 220, 163, 91, 167,
+            251, 29, 160, 254, 199, 205, 74, 158, 105, 252, 182, 158, 21,
+        ],
+        [
+            221, 44, 183, 72, 226, 191, 226, 165, 162, 153, 186, 190, 97, 53, 19, 115, 215, 71,
+            155, 33, 79, 120, 197, 228, 216, 212, 249, 15, 179, 11, 216, 32,
+        ],
+    ],
+    [
+        [
+            248, 136, 25, 30, 234, 18, 242, 209, 97, 211, 74, 228, 236, 199, 101, 200, 206, 52,
+            146, 207, 72, 125, 28, 3, 60, 86, 34, 195, 250, 251, 204, 0,
+        ],
+        [
+            204, 182, 197, 171, 247, 159, 161, 27, 18, 146, 249, 99, 198, 138, 25, 61, 119, 232,
+            160, 152, 18, 149, 7, 67, 125, 231, 237, 3, 68, 190, 137, 0,
+        ],
+        [
+            141, 245, 108, 181, 49, 171, 106, 247, 202, 169, 106, 39, 93, 40, 122, 2, 236, 255,
+            198, 215, 122, 254, 242, 192, 49, 250, 243, 35, 7, 219, 21, 22,
+        ],
+        [
+            239, 85, 174, 15, 207, 84, 128, 92, 87, 80, 129, 20, 21, 225, 233, 158, 193, 136, 141,
+            114, 66, 146, 29, 193, 223, 250, 27, 56, 195, 15, 135, 17,
+        ],
+        [
+            231, 242, 76, 43, 57, 10, 41, 166, 32, 254, 129, 47, 147, 118, 189, 200, 44, 102, 204,
+            116, 96, 82, 186, 150, 106, 27, 30, 73, 237, 94, 36, 44,
+        ],
+        [
+            240, 139, 69, 197, 199, 228, 206, 96, 255, 229, 189, 207, 65, 97, 93, 211, 161, 190,
+            228, 249, 50, 82, 223, 251, 13, 173, 241, 221, 78, 243, 105, 19,
+        ],
+        [
+            44, 224, 170, 161, 50, 93, 212, 80, 100, 243, 51, 74, 51, 165, 60, 208, 244, 18, 158,
+            30, 158, 81, 111, 213, 136, 95, 125, 173, 143, 108, 106, 4,
+        ],
+        [
+            134, 244, 131, 92, 152, 118, 30, 139, 153, 128, 62, 115, 88, 25, 58, 29, 205, 101, 47,
+            208, 93, 89, 222, 17, 122, 112, 71, 56, 147, 68, 92, 22,
+        ],
+    ],
+    [
+        [
+            59, 157, 112, 130, 217, 2, 102, 228, 79, 211, 152, 82, 183, 186, 47, 151, 125, 13, 97,
+            121, 115, 253, 17, 121, 227, 250, 99, 14, 84, 249, 18, 30,
+        ],
+        [
+            80, 180, 155, 59, 6, 182, 136, 39, 134, 168, 238, 138, 129, 174, 195, 206, 210, 167,
+            214, 167, 35, 139, 130, 27, 21, 59, 7, 200, 165, 37, 91, 29,
+        ],
+        [
+            220, 228, 189, 172, 68, 102, 135, 236, 7, 70, 152, 244, 120, 217, 67, 44, 43, 74, 155,
+            179, 2, 148, 106, 238, 232, 186, 181, 130, 141, 114, 60, 1,
+        ],
+        [
+            68, 132, 80, 55, 28, 52, 222, 165, 156, 6, 214, 236, 207, 37, 223, 118, 42, 55, 40,
+            123, 208, 181, 240, 56, 14, 142, 58, 72, 193, 71, 120, 58,
+        ],
+        [
+            93, 114, 68, 232, 179, 37, 202, 74, 41, 64, 245, 112, 233, 162, 231, 19, 223, 207, 232,
+            213, 178, 60, 106, 26, 35, 191, 108, 19, 243, 220, 40, 41,
+        ],
+        [
+            166, 223, 96, 196, 120, 210, 67, 47, 249, 123, 164, 213, 148, 138, 7, 155, 96, 222,
+            176, 166, 88, 85, 95, 71, 221, 237, 138, 181, 198, 165, 163, 0,
+        ],
+        [
+            241, 254, 24, 83, 47, 65, 146, 151, 5, 182, 233, 205, 182, 13, 75, 173, 10, 14, 48,
+            223, 227, 201, 141, 212, 114, 205, 196, 92, 137, 253, 127, 60,
+        ],
+        [
+            20, 41, 204, 77, 168, 230, 68, 202, 73, 251, 254, 88, 95, 80, 130, 216, 122, 75, 173,
+            105, 236, 192, 177, 209, 26, 66, 205, 127, 154, 188, 245, 17,
+        ],
+    ],
+    [
+        [
+            239, 194, 214, 218, 225, 244, 0, 110, 12, 75, 130, 236, 76, 102, 205, 64, 104, 144,
+            198, 188, 183, 46, 119, 96, 230, 68, 210, 161, 253, 91, 8, 20,
+        ],
+        [
+            84, 32, 226, 77, 213, 16, 207, 156, 234, 224, 147, 173, 186, 249, 186, 155, 90, 255,
+            34, 55, 48, 108, 76, 214, 254, 66, 95, 200, 174, 191, 52, 43,
+        ],
+        [
+            37, 103, 206, 174, 250, 172, 136, 87, 30, 68, 89, 230, 110, 190, 148, 71, 5, 249, 217,
+            112, 54, 182, 127, 54, 173, 89, 6, 63, 230, 69, 32, 35,
+        ],
+        [
+            160, 186, 242, 212, 179, 197, 16, 239, 56, 24, 91, 241, 68, 7, 138, 200, 93, 194, 45,
+            155, 210, 60, 30, 4, 167, 246, 82, 244, 71, 217, 31, 20,
+        ],
+        [
+            182, 132, 62, 134, 4, 186, 95, 160, 230, 255, 125, 156, 5, 134, 66, 99, 83, 182, 156,
+            207, 98, 84, 197, 48, 160, 47, 126, 2, 253, 64, 69, 25,
+        ],
+        [
+            135, 241, 60, 121, 32, 218, 195, 61, 68, 66, 190, 195, 208, 2, 201, 111, 158, 101, 108,
+            228, 145, 141, 82, 80, 36, 16, 157, 212, 65, 213, 188, 61,
+        ],
+        [
+            190, 186, 202, 30, 121, 177, 200, 82, 245, 162, 14, 253, 114, 50, 43, 134, 246, 12,
+            100, 222, 149, 242, 117, 174, 136, 192, 117, 132, 228, 144, 238, 39,
+        ],
+        [
+            160, 120, 19, 13, 34, 38, 71, 236, 116, 162, 150, 254, 247, 252, 222, 198, 196, 59, 98,
+            165, 54, 33, 22, 120, 58, 73, 225, 42, 37, 211, 88, 21,
+        ],
+    ],
+    [
+        [
+            252, 1, 229, 131, 50, 189, 111, 31, 191, 210, 177, 219, 234, 21, 100, 182, 115, 212,
+            154, 111, 130, 59, 237, 32, 142, 202, 110, 96, 166, 120, 188, 1,
+        ],
+        [
+            247, 244, 137, 120, 38, 62, 94, 38, 17, 38, 102, 240, 225, 129, 15, 214, 213, 142, 79,
+            176, 156, 118, 85, 80, 167, 47, 122, 152, 206, 19, 67, 40,
+        ],
+        [
+            27, 159, 102, 201, 17, 4, 75, 28, 159, 5, 194, 6, 63, 104, 157, 219, 53, 38, 84, 216,
+            73, 181, 11, 118, 29, 177, 147, 135, 150, 5, 58, 10,
+        ],
+        [
+            97, 168, 102, 245, 40, 187, 155, 99, 147, 65, 114, 119, 191, 225, 196, 34, 117, 134,
+            116, 162, 73, 69, 158, 103, 144, 16, 22, 216, 146, 38, 10, 41,
+        ],
+        [
+            149, 231, 10, 10, 17, 16, 88, 231, 24, 215, 115, 237, 123, 68, 9, 209, 24, 141, 150,
+            207, 109, 56, 107, 192, 252, 112, 156, 0, 65, 234, 86, 10,
+        ],
+        [
+            201, 24, 6, 113, 122, 123, 58, 3, 233, 141, 78, 228, 137, 112, 71, 121, 200, 171, 158,
+            233, 87, 171, 121, 118, 205, 98, 38, 24, 176, 153, 170, 25,
+        ],
+        [
+            6, 114, 137, 241, 204, 203, 173, 160, 14, 124, 220, 164, 166, 224, 0, 253, 255, 68, 40,
+            182, 248, 135, 226, 25, 213, 247, 45, 116, 94, 147, 107, 3,
+        ],
+        [
+            73, 103, 138, 222, 168, 203, 85, 216, 242, 63, 127, 158, 153, 60, 168, 180, 234, 71,
+            27, 10, 38, 161, 207, 26, 81, 150, 195, 37, 91, 228, 57, 46,
+        ],
+    ],
+    [
+        [
+            188, 220, 107, 162, 250, 116, 137, 134, 75, 73, 102, 28, 11, 158, 166, 162, 77, 99,
+            159, 21, 166, 195, 208, 99, 28, 0, 51, 64, 126, 222, 203, 28,
+        ],
+        [
+            115, 93, 10, 209, 3, 81, 82, 191, 158, 74, 26, 242, 145, 24, 85, 106, 28, 36, 54, 17,
+            216, 109, 58, 102, 221, 11, 10, 157, 226, 90, 53, 3,
+        ],
+        [
+            197, 172, 174, 245, 150, 142, 92, 221, 45, 118, 174, 8, 83, 195, 45, 83, 221, 212, 122,
+            239, 218, 103, 89, 56, 184, 102, 73, 70, 1, 40, 246, 54,
+        ],
+        [
+            131, 77, 239, 236, 59, 58, 35, 163, 25, 57, 251, 93, 224, 202, 225, 84, 189, 195, 1,
+            234, 156, 138, 3, 2, 102, 170, 173, 235, 97, 41, 224, 0,
+        ],
+        [
+            251, 165, 141, 221, 2, 154, 174, 224, 120, 187, 163, 188, 37, 146, 49, 193, 150, 241,
+            183, 33, 12, 228, 96, 92, 105, 198, 238, 59, 247, 172, 247, 54,
+        ],
+        [
+            31, 84, 10, 130, 68, 107, 203, 153, 201, 34, 69, 151, 1, 180, 37, 198, 113, 64, 82,
+            116, 116, 142, 251, 62, 22, 122, 138, 130, 200, 159, 145, 2,
+        ],
+        [
+            229, 126, 102, 192, 242, 5, 109, 247, 248, 70, 34, 78, 35, 23, 81, 67, 34, 226, 133,
+            119, 200, 242, 142, 111, 223, 102, 159, 61, 162, 226, 222, 11,
+        ],
+        [
+            171, 0, 253, 102, 188, 223, 208, 250, 186, 183, 127, 172, 10, 41, 201, 173, 242, 156,
+            106, 219, 236, 139, 76, 115, 200, 123, 176, 228, 181, 248, 121, 38,
+        ],
+    ],
+    [
+        [
+            187, 71, 125, 130, 250, 45, 125, 44, 56, 31, 103, 55, 71, 87, 166, 228, 184, 12, 252,
+            79, 26, 221, 65, 188, 62, 254, 222, 87, 189, 71, 43, 0,
+        ],
+        [
+            248, 127, 55, 175, 11, 237, 134, 201, 211, 212, 93, 115, 63, 118, 15, 121, 71, 55, 176,
+            74, 3, 75, 20, 100, 177, 194, 39, 92, 67, 109, 243, 38,
+        ],
+        [
+            147, 188, 248, 11, 127, 3, 176, 153, 109, 5, 65, 101, 2, 46, 70, 203, 246, 245, 254,
+            67, 193, 214, 156, 21, 116, 165, 60, 79, 219, 45, 180, 47,
+        ],
+        [
+            78, 126, 47, 15, 17, 83, 240, 144, 40, 174, 95, 250, 144, 43, 132, 67, 241, 189, 140,
+            244, 41, 221, 164, 186, 104, 156, 223, 233, 160, 99, 190, 39,
+        ],
+        [
+            29, 119, 16, 42, 190, 69, 200, 191, 3, 160, 164, 28, 189, 135, 85, 63, 59, 121, 213,
+            143, 9, 96, 150, 14, 21, 93, 132, 57, 4, 165, 174, 12,
+        ],
+        [
+            54, 200, 34, 46, 89, 210, 152, 121, 245, 147, 150, 48, 193, 246, 108, 154, 243, 12, 10,
+            10, 97, 83, 225, 116, 187, 177, 176, 80, 248, 185, 5, 38,
+        ],
+        [
+            245, 84, 103, 49, 77, 27, 84, 143, 30, 40, 54, 249, 178, 71, 191, 135, 199, 72, 204,
+            162, 75, 110, 203, 246, 193, 61, 70, 158, 74, 154, 13, 45,
+        ],
+        [
+            123, 98, 28, 217, 129, 160, 71, 205, 19, 41, 168, 124, 76, 145, 108, 71, 57, 60, 26,
+            154, 163, 64, 250, 13, 52, 179, 197, 193, 54, 184, 29, 32,
+        ],
+    ],
+    [
+        [
+            103, 140, 102, 88, 162, 193, 224, 59, 243, 31, 145, 100, 116, 71, 36, 129, 94, 248, 33,
+            0, 102, 46, 146, 206, 22, 255, 216, 58, 61, 118, 226, 47,
+        ],
+        [
+            21, 127, 228, 231, 155, 190, 28, 145, 48, 160, 35, 104, 47, 120, 243, 107, 145, 118,
+            199, 126, 138, 164, 246, 143, 153, 59, 153, 209, 81, 118, 167, 9,
+        ],
+        [
+            4, 84, 44, 30, 90, 253, 226, 166, 218, 12, 39, 214, 231, 241, 223, 87, 87, 82, 93, 220,
+            65, 132, 166, 75, 221, 33, 236, 113, 198, 43, 210, 39,
+        ],
+        [
+            243, 54, 41, 143, 244, 171, 75, 158, 218, 230, 55, 35, 236, 18, 40, 55, 157, 139, 180,
+            29, 58, 159, 88, 208, 214, 87, 168, 227, 93, 211, 194, 17,
+        ],
+        [
+            97, 131, 219, 190, 19, 178, 244, 173, 141, 143, 113, 3, 27, 63, 35, 185, 170, 43, 75,
+            64, 75, 38, 5, 13, 123, 39, 147, 243, 141, 122, 217, 39,
+        ],
+        [
+            3, 24, 126, 200, 122, 92, 125, 221, 95, 205, 139, 145, 231, 77, 223, 96, 84, 39, 33,
+            66, 139, 41, 82, 182, 22, 102, 95, 173, 66, 125, 77, 21,
+        ],
+        [
+            27, 50, 52, 183, 190, 198, 236, 248, 71, 251, 120, 132, 192, 227, 113, 36, 155, 81,
+            225, 48, 72, 17, 246, 99, 208, 242, 236, 93, 2, 19, 53, 31,
+        ],
+        [
+            99, 18, 31, 165, 229, 52, 216, 52, 162, 62, 66, 1, 190, 22, 69, 133, 11, 126, 106, 165,
+            131, 180, 218, 253, 238, 124, 3, 16, 42, 196, 148, 57,
+        ],
+    ],
+    [
+        [
+            0, 209, 105, 72, 69, 130, 81, 154, 136, 174, 169, 182, 42, 150, 112, 115, 234, 136, 47,
+            170, 158, 213, 211, 65, 178, 62, 18, 172, 135, 59, 253, 19,
+        ],
+        [
+            145, 192, 219, 168, 214, 190, 54, 248, 68, 248, 196, 148, 4, 254, 61, 193, 67, 218,
+            131, 110, 235, 60, 159, 101, 200, 218, 208, 195, 30, 249, 163, 32,
+        ],
+        [
+            21, 246, 3, 74, 137, 246, 202, 207, 71, 59, 198, 73, 117, 224, 124, 57, 2, 82, 110, 6,
+            190, 80, 143, 143, 113, 62, 127, 122, 164, 202, 6, 54,
+        ],
+        [
+            252, 245, 11, 63, 63, 70, 60, 82, 15, 154, 188, 35, 211, 222, 252, 180, 109, 109, 98,
+            69, 197, 240, 137, 46, 189, 8, 167, 87, 15, 179, 18, 12,
+        ],
+        [
+            125, 206, 204, 128, 43, 62, 39, 36, 246, 164, 44, 6, 250, 83, 14, 207, 53, 201, 166,
+            231, 175, 110, 140, 200, 48, 239, 20, 171, 46, 80, 115, 54,
+        ],
+        [
+            167, 7, 74, 225, 61, 229, 21, 154, 196, 11, 247, 27, 158, 112, 217, 238, 57, 53, 63,
+            251, 162, 91, 168, 86, 37, 203, 207, 119, 68, 135, 205, 9,
+        ],
+        [
+            84, 187, 71, 200, 46, 254, 136, 13, 25, 137, 121, 128, 232, 221, 40, 0, 175, 232, 153,
+            227, 181, 162, 29, 67, 225, 234, 249, 102, 82, 171, 226, 1,
+        ],
+        [
+            24, 185, 170, 6, 35, 57, 108, 85, 245, 134, 216, 239, 33, 12, 223, 38, 227, 73, 145,
+            100, 25, 14, 244, 177, 84, 38, 101, 67, 21, 96, 249, 61,
+        ],
+    ],
+    [
+        [
+            57, 9, 82, 174, 160, 195, 27, 106, 241, 225, 207, 16, 11, 131, 29, 63, 187, 187, 5, 76,
+            34, 39, 136, 124, 56, 25, 58, 99, 70, 116, 170, 19,
+        ],
+        [
+            143, 6, 32, 114, 74, 44, 29, 53, 226, 34, 62, 232, 111, 63, 201, 203, 46, 115, 209,
+            118, 31, 27, 1, 120, 254, 70, 252, 80, 5, 111, 123, 55,
+        ],
+        [
+            62, 18, 214, 41, 0, 12, 4, 12, 145, 201, 12, 6, 179, 4, 20, 84, 36, 155, 8, 99, 181,
+            18, 150, 144, 203, 228, 172, 135, 166, 152, 214, 8,
+        ],
+        [
+            49, 93, 249, 139, 121, 113, 205, 158, 145, 118, 40, 96, 206, 154, 71, 190, 146, 65,
+            233, 104, 83, 91, 25, 118, 176, 14, 149, 115, 137, 27, 223, 41,
+        ],
+        [
+            116, 160, 29, 244, 254, 193, 228, 122, 194, 168, 126, 1, 222, 247, 90, 191, 253, 101,
+            123, 197, 178, 127, 30, 113, 38, 73, 48, 240, 82, 52, 161, 12,
+        ],
+        [
+            156, 145, 203, 40, 113, 83, 199, 161, 230, 196, 203, 227, 217, 212, 254, 139, 37, 215,
+            39, 230, 190, 141, 119, 120, 87, 23, 61, 21, 3, 209, 179, 47,
+        ],
+        [
+            179, 114, 238, 159, 43, 22, 64, 61, 207, 56, 101, 90, 62, 245, 27, 21, 165, 0, 205, 34,
+            104, 32, 170, 75, 215, 255, 83, 74, 123, 73, 159, 19,
+        ],
+        [
+            14, 208, 162, 223, 209, 5, 175, 15, 1, 78, 222, 82, 21, 113, 25, 129, 103, 64, 139, 21,
+            226, 245, 199, 114, 252, 69, 133, 254, 128, 63, 61, 13,
+        ],
+    ],
+    [
+        [
+            255, 187, 20, 3, 51, 61, 230, 80, 83, 233, 71, 190, 94, 131, 225, 143, 139, 246, 196,
+            161, 165, 85, 92, 167, 71, 198, 83, 10, 164, 120, 89, 26,
+        ],
+        [
+            250, 108, 167, 151, 249, 92, 38, 36, 21, 96, 210, 31, 41, 91, 113, 183, 104, 192, 3,
+            45, 165, 253, 37, 75, 239, 245, 28, 148, 5, 255, 134, 60,
+        ],
+        [
+            59, 154, 220, 255, 37, 98, 169, 60, 50, 196, 202, 240, 225, 57, 165, 129, 255, 66, 169,
+            162, 7, 30, 198, 27, 160, 208, 193, 106, 29, 119, 104, 48,
+        ],
+        [
+            137, 180, 21, 151, 27, 173, 213, 11, 238, 163, 104, 192, 171, 59, 79, 249, 123, 55,
+            183, 8, 94, 117, 32, 48, 41, 141, 231, 207, 61, 135, 104, 2,
+        ],
+        [
+            242, 254, 15, 0, 58, 49, 204, 28, 27, 56, 2, 67, 248, 104, 160, 32, 214, 242, 10, 206,
+            233, 61, 23, 103, 180, 53, 179, 198, 56, 254, 65, 6,
+        ],
+        [
+            136, 214, 253, 248, 156, 140, 42, 172, 221, 187, 160, 233, 86, 213, 239, 5, 110, 252,
+            70, 18, 193, 29, 156, 156, 136, 70, 167, 59, 98, 223, 7, 30,
+        ],
+        [
+            84, 25, 227, 152, 61, 51, 53, 59, 135, 229, 159, 248, 6, 39, 151, 139, 121, 149, 226,
+            142, 126, 136, 248, 196, 93, 176, 131, 254, 221, 204, 179, 36,
+        ],
+        [
+            198, 74, 99, 58, 59, 34, 82, 94, 95, 64, 17, 241, 173, 114, 211, 57, 124, 181, 140,
+            102, 105, 79, 13, 1, 60, 121, 143, 88, 192, 253, 159, 47,
+        ],
+    ],
+    [
+        [
+            90, 115, 165, 218, 163, 197, 210, 143, 213, 125, 1, 77, 74, 165, 200, 244, 80, 39, 20,
+            247, 86, 120, 109, 109, 93, 7, 209, 199, 109, 12, 144, 46,
+        ],
+        [
+            231, 44, 48, 128, 109, 202, 114, 192, 218, 67, 233, 141, 64, 251, 104, 41, 58, 212, 60,
+            65, 93, 58, 34, 149, 128, 90, 30, 197, 191, 244, 8, 37,
+        ],
+        [
+            56, 47, 18, 80, 195, 143, 175, 35, 183, 225, 201, 236, 138, 29, 26, 229, 194, 202, 13,
+            43, 71, 188, 3, 204, 12, 15, 218, 207, 15, 83, 219, 39,
+        ],
+        [
+            50, 71, 182, 171, 33, 129, 211, 168, 40, 85, 193, 218, 165, 54, 220, 203, 164, 124, 8,
+            37, 19, 210, 8, 253, 120, 158, 239, 239, 28, 195, 253, 37,
+        ],
+        [
+            245, 191, 155, 103, 118, 221, 209, 204, 89, 48, 249, 160, 180, 1, 114, 3, 254, 220, 94,
+            244, 221, 122, 224, 55, 184, 106, 99, 11, 236, 89, 211, 38,
+        ],
+        [
+            182, 208, 168, 152, 15, 192, 45, 31, 93, 181, 13, 203, 128, 82, 126, 145, 129, 220, 19,
+            252, 188, 247, 49, 216, 218, 198, 178, 70, 180, 209, 175, 22,
+        ],
+        [
+            72, 71, 200, 22, 21, 120, 50, 111, 112, 195, 141, 79, 49, 52, 98, 8, 37, 130, 142, 13,
+            78, 197, 15, 92, 203, 50, 108, 82, 109, 254, 158, 12,
+        ],
+        [
+            71, 44, 114, 76, 152, 26, 79, 25, 44, 244, 191, 178, 150, 102, 34, 230, 54, 251, 209,
+            155, 90, 28, 81, 49, 127, 246, 116, 238, 106, 105, 196, 29,
+        ],
+    ],
+    [
+        [
+            208, 87, 78, 186, 184, 128, 38, 190, 131, 156, 221, 119, 87, 12, 144, 4, 240, 77, 118,
+            209, 74, 131, 37, 155, 247, 155, 206, 167, 80, 71, 127, 18,
+        ],
+        [
+            190, 54, 229, 228, 15, 167, 185, 240, 161, 238, 216, 88, 210, 31, 242, 20, 81, 147, 48,
+            54, 38, 226, 251, 64, 69, 196, 67, 166, 242, 34, 118, 39,
+        ],
+        [
+            58, 171, 187, 174, 13, 247, 253, 15, 102, 171, 48, 63, 136, 157, 55, 28, 117, 130, 104,
+            23, 145, 203, 155, 105, 121, 249, 115, 106, 88, 114, 86, 11,
+        ],
+        [
+            105, 30, 100, 75, 20, 206, 29, 147, 150, 37, 48, 216, 33, 147, 61, 193, 82, 230, 205,
+            122, 142, 65, 148, 102, 47, 185, 182, 147, 185, 31, 29, 54,
+        ],
+        [
+            158, 245, 169, 236, 26, 185, 17, 174, 156, 69, 81, 196, 60, 109, 99, 91, 19, 208, 93,
+            58, 9, 109, 228, 186, 109, 127, 171, 156, 229, 215, 195, 59,
+        ],
+        [
+            23, 42, 4, 183, 91, 177, 2, 172, 168, 182, 158, 185, 157, 118, 199, 184, 237, 203, 60,
+            170, 35, 121, 162, 7, 130, 171, 121, 207, 32, 2, 227, 62,
+        ],
+        [
+            0, 139, 174, 217, 13, 116, 28, 230, 238, 117, 190, 91, 86, 105, 38, 231, 147, 100, 233,
+            187, 70, 128, 111, 82, 184, 113, 154, 136, 59, 27, 21, 10,
+        ],
+        [
+            4, 208, 53, 136, 59, 196, 102, 52, 69, 1, 231, 8, 254, 19, 67, 134, 251, 73, 157, 156,
+            30, 94, 170, 147, 185, 72, 11, 143, 226, 255, 0, 60,
+        ],
+    ],
+    [
+        [
+            214, 131, 68, 196, 131, 169, 22, 250, 29, 101, 142, 26, 106, 96, 18, 190, 18, 15, 19,
+            59, 203, 203, 119, 251, 61, 221, 198, 116, 24, 178, 61, 42,
+        ],
+        [
+            101, 161, 133, 103, 0, 112, 204, 255, 98, 240, 20, 161, 242, 253, 216, 204, 83, 96, 93,
+            228, 77, 76, 63, 70, 116, 156, 69, 253, 121, 189, 2, 36,
+        ],
+        [
+            156, 83, 226, 206, 4, 35, 12, 137, 209, 181, 109, 81, 194, 119, 188, 216, 30, 233, 135,
+            220, 213, 40, 74, 152, 49, 14, 0, 3, 223, 41, 238, 54,
+        ],
+        [
+            47, 25, 110, 4, 111, 57, 200, 91, 168, 73, 47, 175, 189, 60, 49, 243, 128, 11, 63, 17,
+            151, 123, 80, 140, 139, 202, 93, 104, 190, 32, 67, 54,
+        ],
+        [
+            90, 100, 132, 107, 167, 162, 164, 62, 239, 68, 20, 223, 157, 1, 90, 95, 248, 82, 65,
+            61, 241, 63, 238, 10, 2, 160, 230, 104, 101, 197, 60, 52,
+        ],
+        [
+            41, 144, 80, 156, 134, 224, 6, 48, 188, 57, 30, 205, 84, 135, 190, 75, 213, 94, 16, 72,
+            11, 96, 41, 117, 75, 60, 62, 133, 29, 133, 105, 15,
+        ],
+        [
+            219, 66, 247, 117, 3, 137, 38, 43, 131, 177, 137, 150, 9, 65, 160, 206, 235, 121, 121,
+            245, 205, 233, 229, 78, 72, 200, 171, 149, 240, 64, 184, 5,
+        ],
+        [
+            22, 179, 118, 116, 100, 222, 159, 96, 236, 247, 38, 23, 224, 103, 6, 5, 42, 95, 161, 4,
+            128, 2, 240, 122, 117, 247, 127, 207, 76, 205, 137, 31,
+        ],
+    ],
+    [
+        [
+            255, 68, 73, 184, 204, 219, 231, 9, 237, 101, 142, 55, 146, 252, 138, 14, 186, 62, 32,
+            108, 79, 130, 251, 188, 101, 134, 179, 162, 172, 160, 149, 22,
+        ],
+        [
+            93, 226, 69, 177, 229, 17, 78, 185, 6, 206, 195, 246, 145, 189, 141, 7, 197, 148, 166,
+            43, 203, 235, 170, 119, 102, 76, 108, 98, 216, 237, 121, 34,
+        ],
+        [
+            211, 167, 46, 90, 228, 111, 217, 129, 255, 3, 113, 207, 200, 221, 28, 48, 33, 62, 31,
+            245, 116, 175, 130, 128, 180, 252, 132, 178, 56, 58, 16, 2,
+        ],
+        [
+            159, 176, 149, 39, 220, 58, 146, 80, 175, 91, 125, 15, 166, 114, 133, 117, 52, 243,
+            219, 221, 223, 114, 140, 236, 106, 39, 65, 168, 43, 244, 140, 57,
+        ],
+        [
+            144, 68, 49, 189, 208, 94, 145, 108, 143, 62, 16, 188, 15, 110, 23, 239, 71, 48, 32,
+            238, 96, 19, 43, 91, 231, 90, 77, 162, 159, 162, 71, 15,
+        ],
+        [
+            103, 8, 114, 153, 156, 97, 188, 167, 128, 217, 58, 42, 208, 82, 234, 142, 53, 71, 10,
+            38, 177, 2, 13, 35, 8, 49, 196, 134, 215, 255, 42, 54,
+        ],
+        [
+            229, 29, 149, 199, 252, 232, 6, 148, 31, 243, 79, 192, 221, 191, 136, 186, 249, 198,
+            35, 155, 198, 198, 19, 183, 159, 123, 65, 127, 169, 3, 156, 59,
+        ],
+        [
+            2, 244, 213, 144, 80, 83, 125, 211, 252, 98, 209, 105, 104, 213, 143, 183, 164, 199,
+            103, 53, 110, 48, 230, 35, 34, 129, 221, 255, 225, 224, 42, 42,
+        ],
+    ],
+    [
+        [
+            145, 41, 77, 21, 230, 237, 146, 98, 160, 218, 242, 227, 198, 83, 11, 39, 148, 69, 31,
+            185, 143, 52, 71, 75, 157, 26, 157, 188, 179, 27, 114, 24,
+        ],
+        [
+            160, 247, 33, 120, 242, 78, 125, 237, 149, 68, 194, 190, 248, 145, 93, 23, 171, 167,
+            181, 242, 226, 41, 104, 67, 0, 116, 81, 246, 87, 82, 103, 51,
+        ],
+        [
+            84, 35, 131, 165, 134, 206, 147, 191, 7, 3, 253, 142, 49, 128, 111, 47, 53, 169, 88,
+            17, 31, 193, 20, 98, 19, 173, 111, 175, 134, 186, 166, 27,
+        ],
+        [
+            49, 150, 139, 110, 180, 138, 202, 107, 41, 238, 123, 185, 17, 161, 67, 30, 2, 2, 39,
+            91, 7, 35, 69, 121, 34, 12, 247, 78, 138, 39, 59, 8,
+        ],
+        [
+            64, 14, 249, 58, 50, 65, 122, 135, 174, 11, 102, 220, 221, 64, 29, 66, 24, 169, 57,
+            114, 140, 176, 7, 149, 78, 15, 211, 255, 101, 244, 151, 46,
+        ],
+        [
+            127, 185, 215, 42, 158, 164, 234, 37, 140, 239, 228, 75, 189, 8, 197, 4, 206, 24, 136,
+            191, 73, 206, 141, 195, 85, 123, 141, 189, 82, 250, 65, 21,
+        ],
+        [
+            49, 239, 163, 97, 219, 143, 242, 84, 53, 166, 149, 155, 243, 11, 207, 69, 250, 25, 159,
+            142, 240, 8, 72, 229, 91, 179, 218, 39, 128, 133, 201, 6,
+        ],
+        [
+            96, 144, 236, 91, 71, 246, 217, 36, 27, 102, 209, 14, 75, 249, 185, 211, 2, 97, 216,
+            204, 141, 6, 234, 251, 183, 215, 152, 151, 125, 210, 121, 14,
+        ],
+    ],
+];
+
+pub fn generator() -> pallas::Affine {
+    pallas::Affine::from_xy(
+        pallas::Base::from_bytes(&GENERATOR.0).unwrap(),
+        pallas::Base::from_bytes(&GENERATOR.1).unwrap(),
+    )
+    .unwrap()
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::super::{
+        test_lagrange_coeffs, test_zs_and_us, NUM_WINDOWS_SHORT, VALUE_COMMITMENT_PERSONALIZATION,
+    };
+    use super::*;
+    use group::Curve;
+    use pasta_curves::{
+        arithmetic::{CurveAffine, CurveExt, FieldExt},
+        pallas,
+    };
+
+    #[test]
+    fn generator() {
+        let hasher = pallas::Point::hash_to_curve(VALUE_COMMITMENT_PERSONALIZATION);
+        let point = hasher(b"v");
+        let coords = point.to_affine().coordinates().unwrap();
+
+        assert_eq!(*coords.x(), pallas::Base::from_bytes(&GENERATOR.0).unwrap());
+        assert_eq!(*coords.y(), pallas::Base::from_bytes(&GENERATOR.1).unwrap());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn lagrange_coeffs_short() {
+        let base = super::generator();
+        test_lagrange_coeffs(base, NUM_WINDOWS_SHORT);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn z_short() {
+        let base = super::generator();
+        test_zs_and_us(base, &Z_SHORT, &U_SHORT, NUM_WINDOWS_SHORT);
+    }
+}

src/crypto/constants/sinsemilla.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,261 @@
+//! Sinsemilla generators
+use super::OrchardFixedBases;
+//use crate::spec::i2lebsp;
+
+use halo2_gadgets::sinsemilla::{CommitDomains, HashDomains};
+use pasta_curves::{
+    arithmetic::{CurveAffine, FieldExt},
+    pallas,
+};
+
+/// Number of bits of each message piece in $\mathsf{SinsemillaHashToPoint}$
+pub const K: usize = 10;
+
+/// $\frac{1}{2^K}$
+pub const INV_TWO_POW_K: [u8; 32] = [
+    1, 0, 192, 196, 160, 229, 70, 82, 221, 165, 74, 202, 85, 7, 62, 34, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 240, 63,
+];
+
+/// The largest integer such that $2^c \leq (r_P - 1) / 2$, where $r_P$ is the order
+/// of Pallas.
+pub const C: usize = 253;
+
+/// SWU hash-to-curve personalization for the Merkle CRH generator
+pub const MERKLE_CRH_PERSONALIZATION: &str = "z.cash:Orchard-MerkleCRH";
+
+// Sinsemilla Q generators
+
+/// SWU hash-to-curve personalization for Sinsemilla $Q$ generators.
+pub const Q_PERSONALIZATION: &str = "z.cash:SinsemillaQ";
+
+// Sinsemilla S generators
+
+/// SWU hash-to-curve personalization for Sinsemilla $S$ generators.
+pub const S_PERSONALIZATION: &str = "z.cash:SinsemillaS";
+
+/// Generator used in SinsemillaHashToPoint for note commitment
+pub const Q_NOTE_COMMITMENT_M_GENERATOR: ([u8; 32], [u8; 32]) = (
+    [
+        93, 116, 168, 64, 9, 186, 14, 50, 42, 221, 70, 253, 90, 15, 150, 197, 93, 237, 176, 121,
+        180, 242, 159, 247, 13, 205, 251, 86, 160, 7, 128, 23,
+    ],
+    [
+        99, 172, 73, 115, 90, 10, 39, 135, 158, 94, 219, 129, 136, 18, 34, 136, 44, 201, 244, 110,
+        217, 194, 190, 78, 131, 112, 198, 138, 147, 88, 160, 50,
+    ],
+);
+
+/// Generator used in SinsemillaHashToPoint for IVK commitment
+pub const Q_COMMIT_IVK_M_GENERATOR: ([u8; 32], [u8; 32]) = (
+    [
+        242, 130, 15, 121, 146, 47, 203, 107, 50, 162, 40, 81, 36, 204, 27, 66, 250, 65, 162, 90,
+        184, 129, 204, 125, 17, 200, 169, 74, 241, 12, 188, 5,
+    ],
+    [
+        190, 222, 173, 207, 206, 229, 90, 190, 241, 165, 109, 201, 29, 53, 196, 70, 75, 5, 222, 32,
+        70, 7, 89, 239, 230, 190, 26, 212, 246, 76, 1, 27,
+    ],
+);
+
+/// Generator used in SinsemillaHashToPoint for Merkle collision-resistant hash
+pub const Q_MERKLE_CRH: ([u8; 32], [u8; 32]) = (
+    [
+        160, 198, 41, 127, 249, 199, 185, 248, 112, 16, 141, 192, 85, 185, 190, 201, 153, 14, 137,
+        239, 90, 54, 15, 160, 185, 24, 168, 99, 150, 210, 22, 22,
+    ],
+    [
+        98, 234, 242, 37, 206, 174, 233, 134, 150, 21, 116, 5, 234, 150, 28, 226, 121, 89, 163, 79,
+        62, 242, 196, 45, 153, 32, 175, 227, 163, 66, 134, 53,
+    ],
+);
+
+pub fn i2lebsp<const NUM_BITS: usize>(int: u64) -> [bool; NUM_BITS] {
+    assert!(NUM_BITS <= 64);
+    super::util::gen_const_array(|mask: usize| (int & (1 << mask)) != 0)
+}
+
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+fn lebs2ip_k(bits: &[bool]) -> u32 {
+    assert!(bits.len() == K);
+    bits.iter()
+        .enumerate()
+        .fold(0u32, |acc, (i, b)| acc + if *b { 1 << i } else { 0 })
+}
+
+/// The sequence of K bits in little-endian order representing an integer
+/// up to `2^K` - 1.
+pub fn i2lebsp_k(int: usize) -> [bool; K] {
+    assert!(int < (1 << K));
+    i2lebsp(int as u64)
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]
+pub enum OrchardHashDomains {
+    NoteCommit,
+    CommitIvk,
+    MerkleCrh,
+}
+
+#[allow(non_snake_case)]
+impl HashDomains<pallas::Affine> for OrchardHashDomains {
+    fn Q(&self) -> pallas::Affine {
+        match self {
+            OrchardHashDomains::CommitIvk => pallas::Affine::from_xy(
+                pallas::Base::from_bytes(&Q_COMMIT_IVK_M_GENERATOR.0).unwrap(),
+                pallas::Base::from_bytes(&Q_COMMIT_IVK_M_GENERATOR.1).unwrap(),
+            )
+            .unwrap(),
+            OrchardHashDomains::NoteCommit => pallas::Affine::from_xy(
+                pallas::Base::from_bytes(&Q_NOTE_COMMITMENT_M_GENERATOR.0).unwrap(),
+                pallas::Base::from_bytes(&Q_NOTE_COMMITMENT_M_GENERATOR.1).unwrap(),
+            )
+            .unwrap(),
+            OrchardHashDomains::MerkleCrh => pallas::Affine::from_xy(
+                pallas::Base::from_bytes(&Q_MERKLE_CRH.0).unwrap(),
+                pallas::Base::from_bytes(&Q_MERKLE_CRH.1).unwrap(),
+            )
+            .unwrap(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]
+pub enum OrchardCommitDomains {
+    NoteCommit,
+    CommitIvk,
+}
+
+impl CommitDomains<pallas::Affine, OrchardFixedBases, OrchardHashDomains> for OrchardCommitDomains {
+    fn r(&self) -> OrchardFixedBases {
+        match self {
+            Self::NoteCommit => OrchardFixedBases::NoteCommitR,
+            Self::CommitIvk => OrchardFixedBases::CommitIvkR,
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn hash_domain(&self) -> OrchardHashDomains {
+        match self {
+            Self::NoteCommit => OrchardHashDomains::NoteCommit,
+            Self::CommitIvk => OrchardHashDomains::CommitIvk,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use crate::crypto::constants::{
+        fixed_bases::{COMMIT_IVK_PERSONALIZATION, NOTE_COMMITMENT_PERSONALIZATION},
+        sinsemilla::MERKLE_CRH_PERSONALIZATION,
+    };
+    use halo2_gadgets::primitives::sinsemilla::{CommitDomain, HashDomain};
+
+    use pasta_curves::{
+        arithmetic::{CurveAffine, FieldExt},
+        group::{ff::PrimeField, Curve},
+        pallas,
+    };
+    use rand::{self, rngs::OsRng, Rng};
+
+    #[test]
+    // Nodes in the Merkle tree are Pallas base field elements.
+    fn l_orchard_merkle() {
+        assert_eq!(255, pallas::Base::NUM_BITS as usize);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn lebs2ip_k_round_trip() {
+        let mut rng = OsRng;
+        {
+            let int = rng.gen_range(0..(1 << K));
+            assert_eq!(lebs2ip_k(&i2lebsp_k(int)) as usize, int);
+        }
+
+        assert_eq!(lebs2ip_k(&i2lebsp_k(0)) as usize, 0);
+        assert_eq!(lebs2ip_k(&i2lebsp_k((1 << K) - 1)) as usize, (1 << K) - 1);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn i2lebsp_k_round_trip() {
+        {
+            let bitstring = (0..K).map(|_| rand::random()).collect::<Vec<_>>();
+            assert_eq!(
+                i2lebsp_k(lebs2ip_k(&bitstring) as usize).to_vec(),
+                bitstring
+            );
+        }
+
+        {
+            let bitstring = [false; K];
+            assert_eq!(
+                i2lebsp_k(lebs2ip_k(&bitstring) as usize).to_vec(),
+                bitstring
+            );
+        }
+
+        {
+            let bitstring = [true; K];
+            assert_eq!(
+                i2lebsp_k(lebs2ip_k(&bitstring) as usize).to_vec(),
+                bitstring
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn q_note_commitment_m() {
+        let domain = CommitDomain::new(NOTE_COMMITMENT_PERSONALIZATION);
+        let point = domain.Q();
+        let coords = point.to_affine().coordinates().unwrap();
+
+        assert_eq!(
+            *coords.x(),
+            pallas::Base::from_bytes(&Q_NOTE_COMMITMENT_M_GENERATOR.0).unwrap()
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            *coords.y(),
+            pallas::Base::from_bytes(&Q_NOTE_COMMITMENT_M_GENERATOR.1).unwrap()
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn q_commit_ivk_m() {
+        let domain = CommitDomain::new(COMMIT_IVK_PERSONALIZATION);
+        let point = domain.Q();
+        let coords = point.to_affine().coordinates().unwrap();
+
+        assert_eq!(
+            *coords.x(),
+            pallas::Base::from_bytes(&Q_COMMIT_IVK_M_GENERATOR.0).unwrap()
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            *coords.y(),
+            pallas::Base::from_bytes(&Q_COMMIT_IVK_M_GENERATOR.1).unwrap()
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn q_merkle_crh() {
+        let domain = HashDomain::new(MERKLE_CRH_PERSONALIZATION);
+        let point = domain.Q();
+        let coords = point.to_affine().coordinates().unwrap();
+
+        assert_eq!(
+            *coords.x(),
+            pallas::Base::from_bytes(&Q_MERKLE_CRH.0).unwrap()
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            *coords.y(),
+            pallas::Base::from_bytes(&Q_MERKLE_CRH.1).unwrap()
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn inv_two_pow_k() {
+        let two_pow_k = pallas::Base::from_u64(1u64 << K);
+        let inv_two_pow_k = pallas::Base::from_bytes(&INV_TWO_POW_K).unwrap();
+
+        assert_eq!(two_pow_k * inv_two_pow_k, pallas::Base::one());
+    }
+}

src/crypto/constants/util.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+use pasta_curves::arithmetic::{CurveAffine, Field, FieldExt};
+
+/// Evaluate y = f(x) given the coefficients of f(x)
+pub fn evaluate<C: CurveAffine>(x: u8, coeffs: &[C::Base]) -> C::Base {
+    let x = C::Base::from_u64(x as u64);
+    coeffs
+        .iter()
+        .rev()
+        .cloned()
+        .reduce(|acc, coeff| acc * x + coeff)
+        .unwrap_or_else(C::Base::zero)
+}
+
+/// Takes in an FnMut closure and returns a constant-length array with elements of
+/// type `Output`.
+pub fn gen_const_array<Output: Copy + Default, const LEN: usize>(
+    closure: impl FnMut(usize) -> Output,
+) -> [Output; LEN] {
+    gen_const_array_with_default(Default::default(), closure)
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn gen_const_array_with_default<Output: Copy, const LEN: usize>(
+    default_value: Output,
+    mut closure: impl FnMut(usize) -> Output,
+) -> [Output; LEN] {
+    let mut ret: [Output; LEN] = [default_value; LEN];
+    for (bit, val) in ret.iter_mut().zip((0..LEN).map(|idx| closure(idx))) {
+        *bit = val;
+    }
+    ret
+}

src/crypto/diffie_hellman.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 use blake2b_simd::{Hash as Blake2bHash, Params as Blake2bParams};
-use group::{cofactor::CofactorGroup, GroupEncoding};
+use pasta_curves as pasta;
+use pasta_curves::group::{cofactor::CofactorGroup, GroupEncoding};
 
 pub const KDF_SAPLING_PERSONALIZATION: &[u8; 16] = b"DarkFiSaplingKDF";
 
@@ -8,7 +9,7 @@ pub const KDF_SAPLING_PERSONALIZATION: &[u8; 16] = b"DarkFiSaplingKDF";
 /// Sapling key agreement for note encryption.
 ///
 /// Implements section 5.4.4.3 of the Zcash Protocol Specification.
-pub fn sapling_ka_agree(esk: &jubjub::Fr, pk_d: &jubjub::ExtendedPoint) -> jubjub::SubgroupPoint {
+pub fn sapling_ka_agree(esk: &pasta::Fq, pk_d: &pasta::Ep) -> pasta::Ep {
     // [8 esk] pk_d
     // <ExtendedPoint as CofactorGroup>::clear_cofactor is implemented using
     // ExtendedPoint::mul_by_cofactor in the jubjub crate.
@@ -25,7 +26,7 @@ pub fn sapling_ka_agree(esk: &jubjub::Fr, pk_d: &jubjub::ExtendedPoint) -> jubju
 /// Sapling KDF for note encryption.
 ///
 /// Implements section 5.4.4.4 of the Zcash Protocol Specification.
-pub fn kdf_sapling(dhsecret: jubjub::SubgroupPoint, epk: &jubjub::ExtendedPoint) -> Blake2bHash {
+pub fn kdf_sapling(dhsecret: pasta::Ep, epk: &pasta::Ep) -> Blake2bHash {
     Blake2bParams::new()
         .hash_length(32)
         .personal(KDF_SAPLING_PERSONALIZATION)

src/crypto/merkle.rs

@@ -1,455 +1,147 @@
-//! Implementation of a Merkle tree of commitments used to prove the existence
-//! of notes.
-
-//use byteorder::{LittleEndian, ReadBytesExt};
-use crate::serial::{Decodable, Encodable, VarInt};
-use crate::{Error, Result};
-use std::collections::VecDeque;
-use std::io;
-use std::io::{Read, Write};
-
-//use super::serialize::{Optional, Vector};
-use super::merkle_node::SAPLING_COMMITMENT_TREE_DEPTH;
-
-/// A hashable node within a Merkle tree.
-pub trait Hashable: Clone + Copy + Encodable + Decodable {
-    /// Parses a node from the given byte source.
-    fn read<R: Read>(reader: R) -> Result<Self>;
-
-    /// Serializes this node.
-    fn write<W: Write>(&self, writer: W) -> Result<()>;
-
-    /// Returns the parent node within the tree of the two given nodes.
-    fn combine(_: usize, _: &Self, _: &Self) -> Self;
-
-    /// Returns a blank leaf node.
-    fn blank() -> Self;
-
-    /// Returns the empty root for the given depth.
-    fn empty_root(_: usize) -> Self;
+use std::iter;
+
+use halo2_gadgets::primitives::sinsemilla::HashDomain;
+use incrementalmerkletree::{Altitude, Hashable};
+use lazy_static::lazy_static;
+use pasta_curves::{
+    arithmetic::FieldExt,
+    group::ff::{PrimeField, PrimeFieldBits},
+    pallas,
+};
+
+use super::{
+    coin::Coin,
+    constants::{
+        sinsemilla::{i2lebsp_k, MERKLE_CRH_PERSONALIZATION},
+        util::gen_const_array_with_default,
+    },
+};
+
+// TODO: to constants
+const MERKLE_DEPTH_ORCHARD: usize = 32;
+
+lazy_static! {
+    static ref UNCOMMITTED_ORCHARD: pallas::Base = pallas::Base::from_u64(2);
+    pub(crate) static ref EMPTY_ROOTS: Vec<MerkleHash> = {
+        iter::empty()
+            .chain(Some(MerkleHash::empty_leaf()))
+            .chain(
+                (0..MERKLE_DEPTH_ORCHARD).scan(MerkleHash::empty_leaf(), |state, l| {
+                    let l = l as u8;
+                    *state = MerkleHash::combine(l.into(), state, state);
+                    Some(*state)
+                }),
+            )
+            .collect()
+    };
 }
 
-struct PathFiller<Node: Hashable> {
-    queue: VecDeque<Node>,
-}
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug)]
+pub struct MerkleHash(pallas::Base);
 
-impl<Node: Hashable> PathFiller<Node> {
-    fn empty() -> Self {
-        PathFiller {
-            queue: VecDeque::new(),
-        }
+impl MerkleHash {
+    pub fn from_coin(value: &Coin) -> Self {
+        MerkleHash(value.inner())
     }
 
-    fn next(&mut self, depth: usize) -> Node {
-        self.queue
-            .pop_front()
-            .unwrap_or_else(|| Node::empty_root(depth))
+    pub(crate) fn inner(&self) -> pallas::Base {
+        self.0
     }
-}
 
-/// A Merkle tree of note commitments.
-///
-/// The depth of the Merkle tree is fixed at 32, equal to the depth of the
-/// Sapling commitment tree.
-#[derive(Clone)]
-pub struct CommitmentTree<Node: Hashable> {
-    left: Option<Node>,
-    right: Option<Node>,
-    parents: Vec<Option<Node>>,
-}
-
-impl<Node: Hashable> CommitmentTree<Node> {
-    /// Creates an empty tree.
-    pub fn empty() -> Self {
-        CommitmentTree {
-            left: None,
-            right: None,
-            parents: vec![],
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the number of leaf nodes in the tree.
-    pub fn size(&self) -> usize {
-        self.parents.iter().enumerate().fold(
-            match (self.left, self.right) {
-                (None, None) => 0,
-                (Some(_), None) => 1,
-                (Some(_), Some(_)) => 2,
-                (None, Some(_)) => unreachable!(),
-            },
-            |acc, (i, p)| {
-                // Treat occupation of parents array as a binary number
-                // (right-shifted by 1)
-                acc + if p.is_some() { 1 << (i + 1) } else { 0 }
-            },
-        )
+    pub fn to_bytes(&self) -> [u8; 32] {
+        self.0.to_bytes()
     }
 
-    fn is_complete(&self, depth: usize) -> bool {
-        self.left.is_some()
-            && self.right.is_some()
-            && self.parents.len() == depth - 1
-            && self.parents.iter().all(|p| p.is_some())
+    pub fn from_bytes(bytes: &[u8; 32]) -> Self {
+        pallas::Base::from_bytes(bytes).map(MerkleHash).unwrap()
     }
+}
 
-    /// Adds a leaf node to the tree.
-    ///
-    /// Returns an error if the tree is full.
-    pub fn append(&mut self, node: Node) -> Result<()> {
-        self.append_inner(node, SAPLING_COMMITMENT_TREE_DEPTH)
+impl Hashable for MerkleHash {
+    fn empty_leaf() -> Self {
+        MerkleHash(*UNCOMMITTED_ORCHARD)
     }
 
-    fn append_inner(&mut self, node: Node, depth: usize) -> Result<()> {
-        if self.is_complete(depth) {
-            return Err(Error::TreeFull);
-        }
-
-        match (self.left, self.right) {
-            (None, _) => self.left = Some(node),
-            (_, None) => self.right = Some(node),
-            (Some(l), Some(r)) => {
-                let mut combined = Node::combine(0, &l, &r);
-                self.left = Some(node);
-                self.right = None;
-
-                for i in 0..depth {
-                    if i < self.parents.len() {
-                        if let Some(p) = self.parents[i] {
-                            combined = Node::combine(i + 1, &p, &combined);
-                            self.parents[i] = None;
-                        } else {
-                            self.parents[i] = Some(combined);
-                            break;
-                        }
-                    } else {
-                        self.parents.push(Some(combined));
-                        break;
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
+    fn combine(altitude: Altitude, left: &Self, right: &Self) -> Self {
+        let domain = HashDomain::new(MERKLE_CRH_PERSONALIZATION);
 
-        Ok(())
+        MerkleHash(
+            domain
+                .hash(
+                    iter::empty()
+                        .chain(i2lebsp_k(altitude.into()).iter().copied())
+                        .chain(left.0.to_le_bits().iter().by_val().take(255))
+                        .chain(right.0.to_le_bits().iter().by_val().take(255)),
+                )
+                .unwrap_or(pallas::Base::zero()),
+        )
     }
 
-    /// Returns the current root of the tree.
-    pub fn root(&self) -> Node {
-        self.root_inner(SAPLING_COMMITMENT_TREE_DEPTH, PathFiller::empty())
-    }
-
-    fn root_inner(&self, depth: usize, mut filler: PathFiller<Node>) -> Node {
-        assert!(depth > 0);
-
-        // 1) Hash left and right leaves together.
-        //    - Empty leaves are used as needed.
-        let leaf_root = Node::combine(
-            0,
-            &self.left.unwrap_or_else(|| filler.next(0)),
-            &self.right.unwrap_or_else(|| filler.next(0)),
-        );
-
-        // 2) Hash in parents up to the currently-filled depth.
-        //    - Roots of the empty subtrees are used as needed.
-        let mid_root = self
-            .parents
-            .iter()
-            .enumerate()
-            .fold(leaf_root, |root, (i, p)| match p {
-                Some(node) => Node::combine(i + 1, node, &root),
-                None => Node::combine(i + 1, &root, &filler.next(i + 1)),
-            });
-
-        // 3) Hash in roots of the empty subtrees up to the final depth.
-        ((self.parents.len() + 1)..depth)
-            .fold(mid_root, |root, d| Node::combine(d, &root, &filler.next(d)))
+    fn empty_root(altitude: Altitude) -> Self {
+        EMPTY_ROOTS[<usize>::from(altitude)]
     }
 }
 
-impl<Node: Hashable> Encodable for CommitmentTree<Node> {
-    fn encode<S: io::Write>(&self, mut s: S) -> Result<usize> {
-        let mut len = 0;
-        len += self.left.encode(&mut s)?;
-        len += self.right.encode(&mut s)?;
-        len += self.parents.encode(&mut s)?;
-        Ok(len)
-    }
-}
+pub struct Anchor(pallas::Base);
 
-impl<Node: Hashable> Decodable for CommitmentTree<Node> {
-    fn decode<D: io::Read>(mut d: D) -> Result<Self> {
-        Ok(Self {
-            left: Decodable::decode(&mut d)?,
-            right: Decodable::decode(&mut d)?,
-            parents: Decodable::decode(&mut d)?,
-        })
+impl From<pallas::Base> for Anchor {
+    fn from(anchor_field: pallas::Base) -> Anchor {
+        Anchor(anchor_field)
     }
 }
 
-/*
-/// An updatable witness to a path from a position in a particular
-/// [`CommitmentTree`].
-///
-/// Appending the same commitments in the same order to both the original
-/// [`CommitmentTree`] and this `IncrementalWitness` will result in a witness to
-/// the path from the target position to the root of the updated tree.
-///
-/// # Examples
-///
-/// ```
-/// use ff::{Field, PrimeField};
-/// use rand_core::OsRng;
-/// use zcash_primitives::{
-///     merkle_tree::{CommitmentTree, IncrementalWitness},
-///     sapling::Node,
-/// };
-///
-/// let mut rng = OsRng;
-///
-/// let mut tree = CommitmentTree::<Node>::empty();
-///
-/// tree.append(Node::new(bls12_381::Scalar::random(&mut rng).to_repr()));
-/// tree.append(Node::new(bls12_381::Scalar::random(&mut rng).to_repr()));
-/// let mut witness = IncrementalWitness::from_tree(&tree);
-/// assert_eq!(witness.position(), 1);
-/// assert_eq!(tree.root(), witness.root());
-///
-/// let cmu = Node::new(bls12_381::Scalar::random(&mut rng).to_repr());
-/// tree.append(cmu);
-/// witness.append(cmu);
-/// assert_eq!(tree.root(), witness.root());
-/// ```
-///
-*/
-
-#[derive(Clone)]
-pub struct IncrementalWitness<Node: Hashable> {
-    tree: CommitmentTree<Node>,
-    filled: Vec<Node>,
-    cursor_depth: usize,
-    cursor: Option<CommitmentTree<Node>>,
-}
-
-impl<Node: Hashable> Encodable for Vec<Node> {
-    fn encode<S: io::Write>(&self, mut s: S) -> Result<usize> {
-        let mut len = 0;
-        len += VarInt(self.len() as u64).encode(&mut s)?;
-        for c in self.iter() {
-            len += c.encode(&mut s)?;
-        }
-        Ok(len)
+impl From<MerkleHash> for Anchor {
+    fn from(anchor: MerkleHash) -> Anchor {
+        Anchor(anchor.0)
     }
 }
 
-impl<Node: Hashable> Decodable for Vec<Node> {
-    fn decode<D: io::Read>(mut d: D) -> Result<Self> {
-        let len = VarInt::decode(&mut d)?.0;
-        let mut ret = Vec::with_capacity(len as usize);
-        for _ in 0..len {
-            ret.push(Decodable::decode(&mut d)?);
-        }
-        Ok(ret)
+impl Anchor {
+    pub fn from_bytes(bytes: [u8; 32]) -> Anchor {
+        pallas::Base::from_repr(bytes).map(Anchor).unwrap()
     }
-}
-
-impl<Node: Hashable> Encodable for IncrementalWitness<Node> {
-    fn encode<S: io::Write>(&self, mut s: S) -> Result<usize> {
-        let mut len = 0;
-        len += self.tree.encode(&mut s)?;
 
-        len += self.filled.encode(&mut s)?;
-
-        len += self.cursor_depth.encode(&mut s)?;
-        len += self.cursor.encode(&mut s)?;
-        Ok(len)
+    pub fn to_bytes(self) -> [u8; 32] {
+        self.0.to_repr()
     }
 }
 
-impl<Node: Hashable> Decodable for IncrementalWitness<Node> {
-    fn decode<D: io::Read>(mut d: D) -> Result<Self> {
-        Ok(Self {
-            tree: Decodable::decode(&mut d)?,
-            filled: Decodable::decode(&mut d)?,
-            cursor_depth: Decodable::decode(&mut d)?,
-            cursor: Decodable::decode(d)?,
-        })
-    }
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct MerklePath {
+    position: u32,
+    auth_path: [MerkleHash; MERKLE_DEPTH_ORCHARD],
 }
 
-impl<Node: Hashable> IncrementalWitness<Node> {
-    /// Creates an `IncrementalWitness` for the most recent commitment added to
-    /// the given [`CommitmentTree`].
-    pub fn from_tree(tree: &CommitmentTree<Node>) -> IncrementalWitness<Node> {
-        IncrementalWitness {
-            tree: tree.clone(),
-            filled: vec![],
-            cursor_depth: 0,
-            cursor: None,
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the position of the witnessed leaf node in the commitment tree.
-    pub fn position(&self) -> usize {
-        self.tree.size() - 1
-    }
-
-    fn filler(&self) -> PathFiller<Node> {
-        let cursor_root = self
-            .cursor
-            .as_ref()
-            .map(|c| c.root_inner(self.cursor_depth, PathFiller::empty()));
-
-        PathFiller {
-            queue: self.filled.iter().cloned().chain(cursor_root).collect(),
+impl MerklePath {
+    pub fn new(position: u32, auth_path: [pallas::Base; MERKLE_DEPTH_ORCHARD]) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            position,
+            auth_path: gen_const_array_with_default(MerkleHash::empty_leaf(), |i| {
+                MerkleHash(auth_path[i])
+            }),
         }
     }
 
-    /// Finds the next "depth" of an unfilled subtree.
-    fn next_depth(&self) -> usize {
-        let mut skip = self.filled.len();
-
-        if self.tree.left.is_none() {
-            if skip > 0 {
-                skip -= 1;
-            } else {
-                return 0;
-            }
-        }
-
-        if self.tree.right.is_none() {
-            if skip > 0 {
-                skip -= 1;
-            } else {
-                return 0;
-            }
-        }
-
-        let mut d = 1;
-        for p in &self.tree.parents {
-            if p.is_none() {
-                if skip > 0 {
-                    skip -= 1;
+    pub fn root(&self, coin: Coin) -> Anchor {
+        self.auth_path
+            .iter()
+            .enumerate()
+            .fold(MerkleHash::from_coin(&coin), |node, (l, sibling)| {
+                let l = l as u8;
+                if self.position & (1 << l) == 0 {
+                    MerkleHash::combine(l.into(), &node, sibling)
                 } else {
-                    return d;
+                    MerkleHash::combine(l.into(), sibling, &node)
                 }
-            }
-            d += 1;
-        }
-
-        d + skip
-    }
-
-    /// Tracks a leaf node that has been added to the underlying tree.
-    ///
-    /// Returns an error if the tree is full.
-    pub fn append(&mut self, node: Node) -> Result<()> {
-        self.append_inner(node, SAPLING_COMMITMENT_TREE_DEPTH)
-    }
-
-    fn append_inner(&mut self, node: Node, depth: usize) -> Result<()> {
-        if let Some(mut cursor) = self.cursor.take() {
-            cursor
-                .append_inner(node, depth)
-                .expect("cursor should not be full");
-            if cursor.is_complete(self.cursor_depth) {
-                self.filled
-                    .push(cursor.root_inner(self.cursor_depth, PathFiller::empty()));
-            } else {
-                self.cursor = Some(cursor);
-            }
-        } else {
-            self.cursor_depth = self.next_depth();
-            if self.cursor_depth >= depth {
-                return Err(Error::TreeFull);
-            }
-
-            if self.cursor_depth == 0 {
-                self.filled.push(node);
-            } else {
-                let mut cursor = CommitmentTree::empty();
-                cursor
-                    .append_inner(node, depth)
-                    .expect("cursor should not be full");
-                self.cursor = Some(cursor);
-            }
-        }
-
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the current root of the tree corresponding to the witness.
-    pub fn root(&self) -> Node {
-        self.root_inner(SAPLING_COMMITMENT_TREE_DEPTH)
-    }
-
-    fn root_inner(&self, depth: usize) -> Node {
-        self.tree.root_inner(depth, self.filler())
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the current witness, or None if the tree is empty.
-    pub fn path(&self) -> Option<MerklePath<Node>> {
-        self.path_inner(SAPLING_COMMITMENT_TREE_DEPTH)
-    }
-
-    fn path_inner(&self, depth: usize) -> Option<MerklePath<Node>> {
-        let mut filler = self.filler();
-        let mut auth_path = Vec::new();
-
-        if let Some(node) = self.tree.left {
-            if self.tree.right.is_some() {
-                auth_path.push((node, true));
-            } else {
-                auth_path.push((filler.next(0), false));
-            }
-        } else {
-            // Can't create an authentication path for the beginning of the tree
-            return None;
-        }
-
-        for (i, p) in self.tree.parents.iter().enumerate() {
-            auth_path.push(match p {
-                Some(node) => (*node, true),
-                None => (filler.next(i + 1), false),
-            });
-        }
-
-        for i in self.tree.parents.len()..(depth - 1) {
-            auth_path.push((filler.next(i + 1), false));
-        }
-        assert_eq!(auth_path.len(), depth);
-
-        Some(MerklePath::from_path(auth_path, self.position() as u64))
+            })
+            .into()
     }
-}
-
-/// A path from a position in a particular commitment tree to the root of that
-/// tree.
-#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
-pub struct MerklePath<Node: Hashable> {
-    pub auth_path: Vec<(Node, bool)>,
-    pub position: u64,
-}
 
-impl<Node: Hashable> MerklePath<Node> {
-    /// Constructs a Merkle path directly from a path and position.
-    pub fn from_path(auth_path: Vec<(Node, bool)>, position: u64) -> Self {
-        MerklePath {
-            auth_path,
-            position,
-        }
+    pub fn position(&self) -> u32 {
+        self.position
     }
 
-    /// Returns the root of the tree corresponding to this path applied to
-    /// `leaf`.
-    pub fn root(&self, leaf: Node) -> Node {
+    pub fn auth_path(&self) -> [MerkleHash; MERKLE_DEPTH_ORCHARD] {
         self.auth_path
-            .iter()
-            .enumerate()
-            .fold(
-                leaf,
-                |root, (i, (p, leaf_is_on_right))| match leaf_is_on_right {
-                    false => Node::combine(i, &root, p),
-                    true => Node::combine(i, p, &root),
-                },
-            )
     }
 }

src/crypto/merkle_old.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,453 @@
+//! Implementation of a Merkle tree of commitments used to prove the existence
+//! of notes.
+
+//use byteorder::{LittleEndian, ReadBytesExt};
+use crate::serial::{Decodable, Encodable, VarInt};
+use crate::{Error, Result};
+use std::collections::VecDeque;
+use std::io;
+use std::io::{Read, Write};
+
+//use super::serialize::{Optional, Vector};
+use super::merkle_node::SAPLING_COMMITMENT_TREE_DEPTH;
+
+/// A hashable node within a Merkle tree.
+pub trait Hashable: Clone + Copy + Encodable + Decodable {
+    /// Parses a node from the given byte source.
+    fn read<R: Read>(reader: R) -> Result<Self>;
+
+    /// Serializes this node.
+    fn write<W: Write>(&self, writer: W) -> Result<()>;
+
+    /// Returns the parent node within the tree of the two given nodes.
+    fn combine(_: usize, _: &Self, _: &Self) -> Self;
+
+    /// Returns a blank leaf node.
+    fn blank() -> Self;
+
+    /// Returns the empty root for the given depth.
+    fn empty_root(_: usize) -> Self;
+}
+
+struct PathFiller<Node: Hashable> {
+    queue: VecDeque<Node>,
+}
+
+impl<Node: Hashable> PathFiller<Node> {
+    fn empty() -> Self {
+        PathFiller {
+            queue: VecDeque::new(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn next(&mut self, depth: usize) -> Node {
+        self.queue
+            .pop_front()
+            .unwrap_or_else(|| Node::empty_root(depth))
+    }
+}
+
+/// A Merkle tree of note commitments.
+///
+/// The depth of the Merkle tree is fixed at 32, equal to the depth of the
+/// Sapling commitment tree.
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct CommitmentTree<Node: Hashable> {
+    left: Option<Node>,
+    right: Option<Node>,
+    parents: Vec<Option<Node>>,
+}
+
+impl<Node: Hashable> CommitmentTree<Node> {
+    /// Creates an empty tree.
+    pub fn empty() -> Self {
+        CommitmentTree {
+            left: None,
+            right: None,
+            parents: vec![],
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the number of leaf nodes in the tree.
+    pub fn size(&self) -> usize {
+        self.parents.iter().enumerate().fold(
+            match (self.left, self.right) {
+                (None, None) => 0,
+                (Some(_), None) => 1,
+                (Some(_), Some(_)) => 2,
+                (None, Some(_)) => unreachable!(),
+            },
+            |acc, (i, p)| {
+                // Treat occupation of parents array as a binary number
+                // (right-shifted by 1)
+                acc + if p.is_some() { 1 << (i + 1) } else { 0 }
+            },
+        )
+    }
+
+    fn is_complete(&self, depth: usize) -> bool {
+        self.left.is_some()
+            && self.right.is_some()
+            && self.parents.len() == depth - 1
+            && self.parents.iter().all(|p| p.is_some())
+    }
+
+    /// Adds a leaf node to the tree.
+    ///
+    /// Returns an error if the tree is full.
+    pub fn append(&mut self, node: Node) -> Result<()> {
+        self.append_inner(node, SAPLING_COMMITMENT_TREE_DEPTH)
+    }
+
+    fn append_inner(&mut self, node: Node, depth: usize) -> Result<()> {
+        if self.is_complete(depth) {
+            return Err(Error::TreeFull);
+        }
+
+        match (self.left, self.right) {
+            (None, _) => self.left = Some(node),
+            (_, None) => self.right = Some(node),
+            (Some(l), Some(r)) => {
+                let mut combined = Node::combine(0, &l, &r);
+                self.left = Some(node);
+                self.right = None;
+
+                for i in 0..depth {
+                    if i < self.parents.len() {
+                        if let Some(p) = self.parents[i] {
+                            combined = Node::combine(i + 1, &p, &combined);
+                            self.parents[i] = None;
+                        } else {
+                            self.parents[i] = Some(combined);
+                            break;
+                        }
+                    } else {
+                        self.parents.push(Some(combined));
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the current root of the tree.
+    pub fn root(&self) -> Node {
+        self.root_inner(SAPLING_COMMITMENT_TREE_DEPTH, PathFiller::empty())
+    }
+
+    fn root_inner(&self, depth: usize, mut filler: PathFiller<Node>) -> Node {
+        assert!(depth > 0);
+
+        // 1) Hash left and right leaves together.
+        //    - Empty leaves are used as needed.
+        let leaf_root = Node::combine(
+            0,
+            &self.left.unwrap_or_else(|| filler.next(0)),
+            &self.right.unwrap_or_else(|| filler.next(0)),
+        );
+
+        // 2) Hash in parents up to the currently-filled depth.
+        //    - Roots of the empty subtrees are used as needed.
+        let mid_root = self
+            .parents
+            .iter()
+            .enumerate()
+            .fold(leaf_root, |root, (i, p)| match p {
+                Some(node) => Node::combine(i + 1, node, &root),
+                None => Node::combine(i + 1, &root, &filler.next(i + 1)),
+            });
+
+        // 3) Hash in roots of the empty subtrees up to the final depth.
+        ((self.parents.len() + 1)..depth)
+            .fold(mid_root, |root, d| Node::combine(d, &root, &filler.next(d)))
+    }
+}
+
+impl<Node: Hashable> Encodable for CommitmentTree<Node> {
+    fn encode<S: io::Write>(&self, mut s: S) -> Result<usize> {
+        let mut len = 0;
+        len += self.left.encode(&mut s)?;
+        len += self.right.encode(&mut s)?;
+        len += self.parents.encode(&mut s)?;
+        Ok(len)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<Node: Hashable> Decodable for CommitmentTree<Node> {
+    fn decode<D: io::Read>(mut d: D) -> Result<Self> {
+        Ok(Self {
+            left: Decodable::decode(&mut d)?,
+            right: Decodable::decode(&mut d)?,
+            parents: Decodable::decode(&mut d)?,
+        })
+    }
+}
+
+/// An updatable witness to a path from a position in a particular
+/// [`CommitmentTree`].
+///
+/// Appending the same commitments in the same order to both the original
+/// [`CommitmentTree`] and this `IncrementalWitness` will result in a witness to
+/// the path from the target position to the root of the updated tree.
+///
+/// # Examples
+///
+/// ```
+/// use ff::{Field, PrimeField};
+/// use rand_core::OsRng;
+/// use zcash_primitives::{
+///     merkle_tree::{CommitmentTree, IncrementalWitness},
+///     sapling::Node,
+/// };
+///
+/// let mut rng = OsRng;
+///
+/// let mut tree = CommitmentTree::<Node>::empty();
+///
+/// tree.append(Node::new(bls12_381::Scalar::random(&mut rng).to_repr()));
+/// tree.append(Node::new(bls12_381::Scalar::random(&mut rng).to_repr()));
+/// let mut witness = IncrementalWitness::from_tree(&tree);
+/// assert_eq!(witness.position(), 1);
+/// assert_eq!(tree.root(), witness.root());
+///
+/// let cmu = Node::new(bls12_381::Scalar::random(&mut rng).to_repr());
+/// tree.append(cmu);
+/// witness.append(cmu);
+/// assert_eq!(tree.root(), witness.root());
+/// ```
+///
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct IncrementalWitness<Node: Hashable> {
+    tree: CommitmentTree<Node>,
+    filled: Vec<Node>,
+    cursor_depth: usize,
+    cursor: Option<CommitmentTree<Node>>,
+}
+
+impl<Node: Hashable> Encodable for Vec<Node> {
+    fn encode<S: io::Write>(&self, mut s: S) -> Result<usize> {
+        let mut len = 0;
+        len += VarInt(self.len() as u64).encode(&mut s)?;
+        for c in self.iter() {
+            len += c.encode(&mut s)?;
+        }
+        Ok(len)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<Node: Hashable> Decodable for Vec<Node> {
+    fn decode<D: io::Read>(mut d: D) -> Result<Self> {
+        let len = VarInt::decode(&mut d)?.0;
+        let mut ret = Vec::with_capacity(len as usize);
+        for _ in 0..len {
+            ret.push(Decodable::decode(&mut d)?);
+        }
+        Ok(ret)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<Node: Hashable> Encodable for IncrementalWitness<Node> {
+    fn encode<S: io::Write>(&self, mut s: S) -> Result<usize> {
+        let mut len = 0;
+        len += self.tree.encode(&mut s)?;
+
+        len += self.filled.encode(&mut s)?;
+
+        len += self.cursor_depth.encode(&mut s)?;
+        len += self.cursor.encode(&mut s)?;
+        Ok(len)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<Node: Hashable> Decodable for IncrementalWitness<Node> {
+    fn decode<D: io::Read>(mut d: D) -> Result<Self> {
+        Ok(Self {
+            tree: Decodable::decode(&mut d)?,
+            filled: Decodable::decode(&mut d)?,
+            cursor_depth: Decodable::decode(&mut d)?,
+            cursor: Decodable::decode(d)?,
+        })
+    }
+}
+
+impl<Node: Hashable> IncrementalWitness<Node> {
+    /// Creates an `IncrementalWitness` for the most recent commitment added to
+    /// the given [`CommitmentTree`].
+    pub fn from_tree(tree: &CommitmentTree<Node>) -> IncrementalWitness<Node> {
+        IncrementalWitness {
+            tree: tree.clone(),
+            filled: vec![],
+            cursor_depth: 0,
+            cursor: None,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the position of the witnessed leaf node in the commitment tree.
+    pub fn position(&self) -> usize {
+        self.tree.size() - 1
+    }
+
+    fn filler(&self) -> PathFiller<Node> {
+        let cursor_root = self
+            .cursor
+            .as_ref()
+            .map(|c| c.root_inner(self.cursor_depth, PathFiller::empty()));
+
+        PathFiller {
+            queue: self.filled.iter().cloned().chain(cursor_root).collect(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Finds the next "depth" of an unfilled subtree.
+    fn next_depth(&self) -> usize {
+        let mut skip = self.filled.len();
+
+        if self.tree.left.is_none() {
+            if skip > 0 {
+                skip -= 1;
+            } else {
+                return 0;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if self.tree.right.is_none() {
+            if skip > 0 {
+                skip -= 1;
+            } else {
+                return 0;
+            }
+        }
+
+        let mut d = 1;
+        for p in &self.tree.parents {
+            if p.is_none() {
+                if skip > 0 {
+                    skip -= 1;
+                } else {
+                    return d;
+                }
+            }
+            d += 1;
+        }
+
+        d + skip
+    }
+
+    /// Tracks a leaf node that has been added to the underlying tree.
+    ///
+    /// Returns an error if the tree is full.
+    pub fn append(&mut self, node: Node) -> Result<()> {
+        self.append_inner(node, SAPLING_COMMITMENT_TREE_DEPTH)
+    }
+
+    fn append_inner(&mut self, node: Node, depth: usize) -> Result<()> {
+        if let Some(mut cursor) = self.cursor.take() {
+            cursor
+                .append_inner(node, depth)
+                .expect("cursor should not be full");
+            if cursor.is_complete(self.cursor_depth) {
+                self.filled
+                    .push(cursor.root_inner(self.cursor_depth, PathFiller::empty()));
+            } else {
+                self.cursor = Some(cursor);
+            }
+        } else {
+            self.cursor_depth = self.next_depth();
+            if self.cursor_depth >= depth {
+                return Err(Error::TreeFull);
+            }
+
+            if self.cursor_depth == 0 {
+                self.filled.push(node);
+            } else {
+                let mut cursor = CommitmentTree::empty();
+                cursor
+                    .append_inner(node, depth)
+                    .expect("cursor should not be full");
+                self.cursor = Some(cursor);
+            }
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the current root of the tree corresponding to the witness.
+    pub fn root(&self) -> Node {
+        self.root_inner(SAPLING_COMMITMENT_TREE_DEPTH)
+    }
+
+    fn root_inner(&self, depth: usize) -> Node {
+        self.tree.root_inner(depth, self.filler())
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the current witness, or None if the tree is empty.
+    pub fn path(&self) -> Option<MerklePath<Node>> {
+        self.path_inner(SAPLING_COMMITMENT_TREE_DEPTH)
+    }
+
+    fn path_inner(&self, depth: usize) -> Option<MerklePath<Node>> {
+        let mut filler = self.filler();
+        let mut auth_path = Vec::new();
+
+        if let Some(node) = self.tree.left {
+            if self.tree.right.is_some() {
+                auth_path.push((node, true));
+            } else {
+                auth_path.push((filler.next(0), false));
+            }
+        } else {
+            // Can't create an authentication path for the beginning of the tree
+            return None;
+        }
+
+        for (i, p) in self.tree.parents.iter().enumerate() {
+            auth_path.push(match p {
+                Some(node) => (*node, true),
+                None => (filler.next(i + 1), false),
+            });
+        }
+
+        for i in self.tree.parents.len()..(depth - 1) {
+            auth_path.push((filler.next(i + 1), false));
+        }
+        assert_eq!(auth_path.len(), depth);
+
+        Some(MerklePath::from_path(auth_path, self.position() as u64))
+    }
+}
+
+/// A path from a position in a particular commitment tree to the root of that
+/// tree.
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
+pub struct MerklePath<Node: Hashable> {
+    pub auth_path: Vec<(Node, bool)>,
+    pub position: u64,
+}
+
+impl<Node: Hashable> MerklePath<Node> {
+    /// Constructs a Merkle path directly from a path and position.
+    pub fn from_path(auth_path: Vec<(Node, bool)>, position: u64) -> Self {
+        MerklePath {
+            auth_path,
+            position,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the root of the tree corresponding to this path applied to
+    /// `leaf`.
+    pub fn root(&self, leaf: Node) -> Node {
+        self.auth_path
+            .iter()
+            .enumerate()
+            .fold(
+                leaf,
+                |root, (i, (p, leaf_is_on_right))| match leaf_is_on_right {
+                    false => Node::combine(i, &root, p),
+                    true => Node::combine(i, p, &root),
+                },
+            )
+    }
+}

src/crypto/mint_proof.rs

@@ -1,56 +1,59 @@
-use bellman::gadgets::multipack;
-use bellman::groth16;
-use blake2s_simd::Params as Blake2sParams;
-use bls12_381::Bls12;
-use group::{Curve, GroupEncoding};
-use rand::rngs::OsRng;
 use std::io;
 use std::time::Instant;
 
-use crate::circuit::mint_contract::MintContract;
-use crate::error::Result;
-use crate::serial::{Decodable, Encodable};
+use halo2_gadgets::primitives;
+use halo2_gadgets::primitives::poseidon::{ConstantLength, P128Pow5T3};
+use log::debug;
+use pasta_curves::{
+    arithmetic::{CurveAffine, FieldExt},
+    group::Curve,
+    pallas,
+};
+
+use super::{
+    proof::{Proof, ProvingKey, VerifyingKey},
+    util::{mod_r_p, pedersen_commitment_scalar, pedersen_commitment_u64},
+};
+use crate::{
+    circuit::mint_contract::MintContract,
+    serial::{Decodable, Encodable},
+    types::*,
+    Result,
+};
 
 pub struct MintRevealedValues {
-    pub value_commit: jubjub::SubgroupPoint,
-    pub token_commit: jubjub::SubgroupPoint,
-    pub coin: [u8; 32],
+    pub value_commit: DrkValueCommit,
+    pub token_commit: DrkValueCommit,
+    //pub coin: [u8; 32],
+    pub coin: pallas::Base,
 }
 
 impl MintRevealedValues {
     fn compute(
         value: u64,
-        token_id: jubjub::Fr,
-        randomness_value: &jubjub::Fr,
-        randomness_token: &jubjub::Fr,
-        serial: &jubjub::Fr,
-        randomness_coin: &jubjub::Fr,
-        public: &jubjub::SubgroupPoint,
+        token_id: DrkTokenId,
+        value_blind: DrkValueBlind,
+        token_blind: DrkValueBlind,
+        serial: DrkSerial,
+        coin_blind: DrkCoinBlind,
+        public_key: DrkPublicKey,
     ) -> Self {
-        let value_commit = (zcash_primitives::constants::VALUE_COMMITMENT_VALUE_GENERATOR
-            * jubjub::Fr::from(value))
-            + (zcash_primitives::constants::VALUE_COMMITMENT_RANDOMNESS_GENERATOR
-                * randomness_value);
-
-        let token_commit = (zcash_primitives::constants::VALUE_COMMITMENT_VALUE_GENERATOR
-            * token_id)
-            + (zcash_primitives::constants::VALUE_COMMITMENT_RANDOMNESS_GENERATOR
-                * randomness_token);
-
-        let mut coin = [0; 32];
-        coin.copy_from_slice(
-            Blake2sParams::new()
-                .hash_length(32)
-                .personal(zcash_primitives::constants::CRH_IVK_PERSONALIZATION)
-                .to_state()
-                .update(&public.to_bytes())
-                .update(&value.to_le_bytes())
-                .update(&token_id.to_bytes())
-                .update(&serial.to_bytes())
-                .update(&randomness_coin.to_bytes())
-                .finalize()
-                .as_bytes(),
-        );
+        let value_commit = pedersen_commitment_u64(value, value_blind);
+        let token_commit = pedersen_commitment_scalar(mod_r_p(token_id), token_blind);
+
+        let coords = public_key.to_affine().coordinates().unwrap();
+        let messages = [
+            [*coords.x(), *coords.y()],
+            [DrkValue::from_u64(value), token_id],
+            [serial, coin_blind],
+        ];
+
+        let mut coin = DrkCoin::zero();
+        for msg in messages.iter() {
+            coin += primitives::poseidon::Hash::init(P128Pow5T3, ConstantLength::<2>).hash(*msg);
+        }
+
+        //let coin = hash.to_bytes();
 
         MintRevealedValues {
             value_commit,
@@ -59,41 +62,20 @@ impl MintRevealedValues {
         }
     }
 
-    fn make_outputs(&self) -> [bls12_381::Scalar; 6] {
-        let mut public_input = [bls12_381::Scalar::zero(); 6];
-
-        {
-            let result = jubjub::ExtendedPoint::from(self.value_commit);
-            let affine = result.to_affine();
-            //let (u, v) = (affine.get_u(), affine.get_v());
-            let u = affine.get_u();
-            let v = affine.get_v();
-            public_input[0] = u;
-            public_input[1] = v;
-        }
-
-        {
-            let result = jubjub::ExtendedPoint::from(self.token_commit);
-            let affine = result.to_affine();
-            let u = affine.get_u();
-            let v = affine.get_v();
-            public_input[2] = u;
-            public_input[3] = v;
-        }
-
-        {
-            // Pack the hash as inputs for proof verification.
-            let hash = multipack::bytes_to_bits_le(&self.coin);
-            let hash = multipack::compute_multipacking(&hash);
-
-            // There are 2 chunks for a blake hash
-            assert_eq!(hash.len(), 2);
-
-            public_input[4] = hash[0];
-            public_input[5] = hash[1];
-        }
-
-        public_input
+    fn make_outputs(&self) -> [DrkCircuitField; 5] {
+        let value_coords = self.value_commit.to_affine().coordinates().unwrap();
+        let token_coords = self.token_commit.to_affine().coordinates().unwrap();
+
+        vec![
+            //DrkCircuitField::from_bytes(&self.coin).unwrap(),
+            self.coin.clone(),
+            *value_coords.x(),
+            *value_coords.y(),
+            *token_coords.x(),
+            *token_coords.y(),
+        ]
+        .try_into()
+        .unwrap()
     }
 }
 
@@ -117,72 +99,59 @@ impl Decodable for MintRevealedValues {
     }
 }
 
-pub fn setup_mint_prover() -> groth16::Parameters<Bls12> {
-    println!("Mint: Making random params...");
-    let start = Instant::now();
-    let params = {
-        let c = MintContract {
-            value: None,
-            token_id: None,
-            randomness_value: None,
-            randomness_token: None,
-            serial: None,
-            randomness_coin: None,
-            public: None,
-        };
-        groth16::generate_random_parameters::<Bls12, _, _>(c, &mut OsRng).unwrap()
-    };
-    println!("Setup: [{:?}]", start.elapsed());
-    params
-}
-
 #[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
 pub fn create_mint_proof(
-    params: &groth16::Parameters<Bls12>,
     value: u64,
-    token_id: jubjub::Fr,
-    randomness_value: jubjub::Fr,
-    randomness_token: jubjub::Fr,
-    serial: jubjub::Fr,
-    randomness_coin: jubjub::Fr,
-    public: jubjub::SubgroupPoint,
-) -> (groth16::Proof<Bls12>, MintRevealedValues) {
+    token_id: DrkTokenId,
+    value_blind: DrkValueBlind,
+    token_blind: DrkValueBlind,
+    serial: DrkSerial,
+    coin_blind: DrkCoinBlind,
+    public_key: DrkPublicKey,
+) -> Result<(Proof, MintRevealedValues)> {
+    const K: u32 = 11;
+
     let revealed = MintRevealedValues::compute(
         value,
         token_id,
-        &randomness_value,
-        &randomness_token,
-        &serial,
-        &randomness_coin,
-        &public,
+        value_blind,
+        token_blind,
+        serial,
+        coin_blind,
+        public_key,
     );
 
+    let coords = public_key.to_affine().coordinates().unwrap();
+
     let c = MintContract {
-        value: Some(value),
-        token_id: Some(token_id),
-        randomness_value: Some(randomness_value),
-        randomness_token: Some(randomness_token),
+        pub_x: Some(*coords.x()),
+        pub_y: Some(*coords.y()),
+        value: Some(DrkValue::from_u64(value)),
+        asset: Some(token_id),
         serial: Some(serial),
-        randomness_coin: Some(randomness_coin),
-        public: Some(public),
+        coin_blind: Some(coin_blind),
+        value_blind: Some(value_blind),
+        asset_blind: Some(token_blind),
     };
 
     let start = Instant::now();
-    let proof = groth16::create_random_proof(c, params, &mut OsRng).unwrap();
-    println!("Prove: [{:?}]", start.elapsed());
+    // TODO: Don't always build this
+    let pk = ProvingKey::build(K, MintContract::default());
+    debug!("Setup: [{:?}]", start.elapsed());
+
+    let start = Instant::now();
+    let public_inputs = revealed.make_outputs();
+    let proof = Proof::create(&pk, &[c], &public_inputs)?;
+    debug!("Prove: [{:?}]", start.elapsed());
 
-    (proof, revealed)
+    Ok((proof, revealed))
 }
 
 pub fn verify_mint_proof(
-    pvk: &groth16::PreparedVerifyingKey<Bls12>,
-    proof: &groth16::Proof<Bls12>,
+    vk: &VerifyingKey,
+    proof: &Proof,
     revealed: &MintRevealedValues,
-) -> bool {
-    let public_input = revealed.make_outputs();
-
-    let start = Instant::now();
-    let result = groth16::verify_proof(pvk, proof, &public_input).is_ok();
-    println!("Verify: [{:?}]", start.elapsed());
-    result
+) -> Result<()> {
+    let public_inputs = revealed.make_outputs();
+    Ok(proof.verify(vk, &public_inputs)?)
 }

src/crypto/mod.rs

@@ -1,49 +1,36 @@
+Warning: can't set `wrap_comments = true`, unstable features are only available in nightly channel.
+Warning: can't set `comment_width = 100`, unstable features are only available in nightly channel.
+Warning: can't set `imports_granularity = Crate`, unstable features are only available in nightly channel.
+Warning: can't set `binop_separator = Back`, unstable features are only available in nightly channel.
+Warning: can't set `trailing_semicolon = false`, unstable features are only available in nightly channel.
+Warning: can't set `trailing_comma = Vertical`, unstable features are only available in nightly channel.
+pub mod arith_chip;
 pub mod coin;
+pub mod constants;
 pub mod diffie_hellman;
-pub mod fr_serial;
 pub mod merkle;
-pub mod merkle_node;
+pub mod merkle_node2;
 pub mod mint_proof;
 pub mod note;
 pub mod nullifier;
+pub mod pasta_serial;
+pub mod proof;
 pub mod schnorr;
 pub mod spend_proof;
 pub mod util;
 
-use bellman::groth16;
-use bls12_381::Bls12;
+pub(crate) use {mint_proof::MintRevealedValues, proof::Proof, spend_proof::SpendRevealedValues};
 
-use crate::error::Result;
-pub use mint_proof::{create_mint_proof, setup_mint_prover, verify_mint_proof, MintRevealedValues};
-pub use spend_proof::{
-    create_spend_proof, setup_spend_prover, verify_spend_proof, SpendRevealedValues,
-};
+use crate::types::DrkSecretKey;
 
 #[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct OwnCoin {
     pub coin: coin::Coin,
     pub note: note::Note,
-    pub secret: jubjub::Fr,
-    pub witness: merkle::IncrementalWitness<merkle_node::MerkleNode>,
+    pub secret: DrkSecretKey,
+    //pub witness: merkle::IncrementalWitness<merkle_node::MerkleNode>,
+    //pub witness: BridgeFrontier<merkle::MerkleHash, 32>,
     pub nullifier: nullifier::Nullifier,
 }
 
 pub type OwnCoins = Vec<OwnCoin>;
-
-pub fn save_params(filename: &str, params: &groth16::Parameters<Bls12>) -> Result<()> {
-    let buffer = std::fs::File::create(filename)?;
-    params.write(buffer)?;
-    Ok(())
-}
-
-pub fn load_params(
-    filename: &str,
-) -> Result<(
-    groth16::Parameters<Bls12>,
-    groth16::PreparedVerifyingKey<Bls12>,
-)> {
-    let buffer = std::fs::File::open(filename)?;
-    let params = groth16::Parameters::<Bls12>::read(buffer, false)?;
-    let pvk = groth16::prepare_verifying_key(&params.vk);
-    Ok((params, pvk))
-}

src/crypto/note.rs

@@ -1,27 +1,34 @@
+use std::io;
+
 use crypto_api_chachapoly::ChachaPolyIetf;
-use ff::Field;
+use pasta_curves::arithmetic::Field;
 use rand::rngs::OsRng;
-use std::io;
 
-use super::diffie_hellman::{kdf_sapling, sapling_ka_agree};
-use crate::error::{Error, Result};
-use crate::serial::{Decodable, Encodable, ReadExt, WriteExt};
+use super::{
+    diffie_hellman::{kdf_sapling, sapling_ka_agree},
+    util::mod_r_p,
+};
+use crate::{
+    serial::{Decodable, Encodable, ReadExt, WriteExt},
+    types::*,
+    Error, Result,
+};
 
 pub const NOTE_PLAINTEXT_SIZE: usize = 32 +    // serial
     8 +     // value
     32 +    // token_id
     32 +    // coin_blind
-    32; // valcom_blind
+    32; // value_blind
 pub const AEAD_TAG_SIZE: usize = 16;
 pub const ENC_CIPHERTEXT_SIZE: usize = NOTE_PLAINTEXT_SIZE + AEAD_TAG_SIZE;
 
 #[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct Note {
-    pub serial: jubjub::Fr,
+    pub serial: DrkSerial,
     pub value: u64,
-    pub token_id: jubjub::Fr,
-    pub coin_blind: jubjub::Fr,
-    pub valcom_blind: jubjub::Fr,
+    pub token_id: DrkTokenId,
+    pub coin_blind: DrkCoinBlind,
+    pub value_blind: DrkValueBlind,
 }
 
 impl Encodable for Note {
@@ -31,7 +38,7 @@ impl Encodable for Note {
         len += self.value.encode(&mut s)?;
         len += self.token_id.encode(&mut s)?;
         len += self.coin_blind.encode(&mut s)?;
-        len += self.valcom_blind.encode(&mut s)?;
+        len += self.value_blind.encode(&mut s)?;
         Ok(len)
     }
 }
@@ -43,17 +50,17 @@ impl Decodable for Note {
             value: Decodable::decode(&mut d)?,
             token_id: Decodable::decode(&mut d)?,
             coin_blind: Decodable::decode(&mut d)?,
-            valcom_blind: Decodable::decode(d)?,
+            value_blind: Decodable::decode(d)?,
         })
     }
 }
 
 impl Note {
-    pub fn encrypt(&self, public: &jubjub::SubgroupPoint) -> Result<EncryptedNote> {
-        let ephem_secret = jubjub::Fr::random(&mut OsRng);
-        let ephem_public = zcash_primitives::constants::SPENDING_KEY_GENERATOR * ephem_secret;
-        let shared_secret = sapling_ka_agree(&ephem_secret, public.into());
-        let key = kdf_sapling(shared_secret, &ephem_public.into());
+    pub fn encrypt(&self, public: &DrkPublicKey) -> Result<EncryptedNote> {
+        let ephem_secret = DrkSecretKey::random(&mut OsRng);
+        let ephem_public = derive_public_key(ephem_secret);
+        let shared_secret = sapling_ka_agree(&mod_r_p(ephem_secret), public);
+        let key = kdf_sapling(shared_secret, &ephem_public);
 
         let mut input = Vec::new();
         self.encode(&mut input)?;
@@ -75,7 +82,7 @@ impl Note {
 
 pub struct EncryptedNote {
     ciphertext: [u8; ENC_CIPHERTEXT_SIZE],
-    ephem_public: jubjub::SubgroupPoint,
+    ephem_public: DrkPublicKey,
 }
 
 impl Encodable for EncryptedNote {
@@ -100,9 +107,9 @@ impl Decodable for EncryptedNote {
 }
 
 impl EncryptedNote {
-    pub fn decrypt(&self, secret: &jubjub::Fr) -> Result<Note> {
-        let shared_secret = sapling_ka_agree(secret, &self.ephem_public.into());
-        let key = kdf_sapling(shared_secret, &self.ephem_public.into());
+    pub fn decrypt(&self, secret: &DrkSecretKey) -> Result<Note> {
+        let shared_secret = sapling_ka_agree(&mod_r_p(*secret), &self.ephem_public);
+        let key = kdf_sapling(shared_secret, &self.ephem_public);
 
         let mut plaintext = [0; ENC_CIPHERTEXT_SIZE];
         assert_eq!(
@@ -124,16 +131,18 @@ impl EncryptedNote {
 
 #[test]
 fn test_note_encdec() {
+    use crate::types::*;
+
     let note = Note {
-        serial: jubjub::Fr::random(&mut OsRng),
+        serial: DrkSerial::random(&mut OsRng),
         value: 110,
-        token_id: jubjub::Fr::random(&mut OsRng),
-        coin_blind: jubjub::Fr::random(&mut OsRng),
-        valcom_blind: jubjub::Fr::random(&mut OsRng),
+        token_id: DrkTokenId::random(&mut OsRng),
+        coin_blind: DrkCoinBlind::random(&mut OsRng),
+        value_blind: DrkValueBlind::random(&mut OsRng),
     };
 
-    let secret = jubjub::Fr::random(&mut OsRng);
-    let public = zcash_primitives::constants::SPENDING_KEY_GENERATOR * secret;
+    let secret = DrkSecretKey::random(&mut OsRng);
+    let public = derive_public_key(secret);
 
     let encrypted_note = note.encrypt(&public).unwrap();
     let note2 = encrypted_note.decrypt(&secret).unwrap();

src/crypto/nullifier.rs

@@ -1,31 +1,47 @@
+Warning: can't set `wrap_comments = true`, unstable features are only available in nightly channel.
+Warning: can't set `comment_width = 100`, unstable features are only available in nightly channel.
+Warning: can't set `imports_granularity = Crate`, unstable features are only available in nightly channel.
+Warning: can't set `binop_separator = Back`, unstable features are only available in nightly channel.
+Warning: can't set `trailing_semicolon = false`, unstable features are only available in nightly channel.
+Warning: can't set `trailing_comma = Vertical`, unstable features are only available in nightly channel.
 use std::io;
 
+use pasta_curves::{arithmetic::FieldExt, pallas};
+
 use crate::{
-    error::Result,
-    serial::{Decodable, Encodable},
+    serial::{Decodable, Encodable, ReadExt, WriteExt},
+    Result,
 };
 
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
-pub struct Nullifier {
-    pub repr: [u8; 32],
-}
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq)]
+pub struct Nullifier(pub(crate) pallas::Base);
 
 impl Nullifier {
-    pub fn new(repr: [u8; 32]) -> Self {
-        Self { repr }
+    pub fn from_bytes(bytes: &[u8; 32]) -> Self {
+        pallas::Base::from_bytes(bytes).map(Nullifier).unwrap()
+    }
+
+    pub fn to_bytes(self) -> [u8; 32] {
+        self.0.to_bytes()
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn inner(&self) -> pallas::Base {
+        self.0
     }
 }
 
 impl Encodable for Nullifier {
-    fn encode<S: io::Write>(&self, s: S) -> Result<usize> {
-        self.repr.encode(s)
+    fn encode<S: io::Write>(&self, mut s: S) -> Result<usize> {
+        s.write_slice(&self.to_bytes()[..])?;
+        Ok(32)
     }
 }
 
 impl Decodable for Nullifier {
-    fn decode<D: io::Read>(d: D) -> Result<Self> {
-        Ok(Self {
-            repr: Decodable::decode(d)?,
-        })
+    fn decode<D: io::Read>(mut d: D) -> Result<Self> {
+        let mut bytes = [0u8; 32];
+        d.read_slice(&mut bytes)?;
+        let result = Self::from_bytes(&bytes);
+        Ok(result)
     }
 }

src/crypto/fr_serial.rs → src/crypto/pasta_serial.rs

@@ -1,17 +1,41 @@
-use group::GroupEncoding;
 use std::io;
 
-use crate::error::{Error, Result};
-use crate::serial::{Decodable, Encodable, ReadExt, WriteExt};
+use pasta_curves as pasta;
+use pasta_curves::{arithmetic::FieldExt, group::GroupEncoding};
 
-impl Encodable for jubjub::Fr {
+use crate::{
+    serial::{Decodable, Encodable, ReadExt, WriteExt},
+    Error, Result,
+};
+
+impl Encodable for pasta::Fp {
+    fn encode<S: io::Write>(&self, mut s: S) -> Result<usize> {
+        s.write_slice(&self.to_bytes()[..])?;
+        Ok(32)
+    }
+}
+
+impl Decodable for pasta::Fp {
+    fn decode<D: io::Read>(mut d: D) -> Result<Self> {
+        let mut bytes = [0u8; 32];
+        d.read_slice(&mut bytes)?;
+        let result = Self::from_bytes(&bytes);
+        if result.is_some().into() {
+            Ok(result.unwrap())
+        } else {
+            Err(Error::BadOperationType)
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Encodable for pasta::Fq {
     fn encode<S: io::Write>(&self, mut s: S) -> Result<usize> {
         s.write_slice(&self.to_bytes()[..])?;
         Ok(32)
     }
 }
 
-impl Decodable for jubjub::Fr {
+impl Decodable for pasta::Fq {
     fn decode<D: io::Read>(mut d: D) -> Result<Self> {
         let mut bytes = [0u8; 32];
         d.read_slice(&mut bytes)?;
@@ -24,14 +48,14 @@ impl Decodable for jubjub::Fr {
     }
 }
 
-impl Encodable for jubjub::SubgroupPoint {
+impl Encodable for pasta::Ep {
     fn encode<S: io::Write>(&self, mut s: S) -> Result<usize> {
         s.write_slice(&self.to_bytes()[..])?;
         Ok(32)
     }
 }
 
-impl Decodable for jubjub::SubgroupPoint {
+impl Decodable for pasta::Ep {
     fn decode<D: io::Read>(mut d: D) -> Result<Self> {
         let mut bytes = [0u8; 32];
         d.read_slice(&mut bytes)?;

src/crypto/proof.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+use std::io;
+
+// TODO: Alias vesta::Affine to something
+use halo2::{
+    plonk,
+    plonk::Circuit,
+    poly::commitment,
+    transcript::{Blake2bRead, Blake2bWrite},
+};
+use pasta_curves::vesta;
+
+use crate::serial::{Decodable, Encodable, ReadExt, VarInt, WriteExt};
+use crate::types::*;
+use crate::Result;
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct VerifyingKey {
+    pub params: commitment::Params<vesta::Affine>,
+    pub vk: plonk::VerifyingKey<vesta::Affine>,
+}
+
+impl VerifyingKey {
+    pub fn build(k: u32, c: impl Circuit<DrkCircuitField>) -> Self {
+        let params = commitment::Params::new(k);
+        let vk = plonk::keygen_vk(&params, &c).unwrap();
+        VerifyingKey { params, vk }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct ProvingKey {
+    pub params: commitment::Params<vesta::Affine>,
+    pub pk: plonk::ProvingKey<vesta::Affine>,
+}
+
+impl ProvingKey {
+    pub fn build(k: u32, c: impl Circuit<DrkCircuitField>) -> Self {
+        let params = commitment::Params::new(k);
+        let vk = plonk::keygen_vk(&params, &c).unwrap();
+        let pk = plonk::keygen_pk(&params, vk, &c).unwrap();
+        ProvingKey { params, pk }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
+pub struct Proof(Vec<u8>);
+
+impl AsRef<[u8]> for Proof {
+    fn as_ref(&self) -> &[u8] {
+        &self.0
+    }
+}
+
+impl Proof {
+    pub fn create(
+        pk: &ProvingKey,
+        circuits: &[impl Circuit<DrkCircuitField>],
+        pubinputs: &[DrkCircuitField],
+    ) -> std::result::Result<Self, plonk::Error> {
+        let mut transcript = Blake2bWrite::<_, vesta::Affine, _>::init(vec![]);
+
+        plonk::create_proof(
+            &pk.params,
+            &pk.pk,
+            circuits,
+            &[&[pubinputs]],
+            &mut transcript,
+        )?;
+
+        Ok(Proof(transcript.finalize()))
+    }
+
+    pub fn verify(
+        &self,
+        vk: &VerifyingKey,
+        pubinputs: &[DrkCircuitField],
+    ) -> std::result::Result<(), plonk::Error> {
+        let msm = vk.params.empty_msm();
+        let mut transcript = Blake2bRead::init(&self.0[..]);
+        let guard = plonk::verify_proof(&vk.params, &vk.vk, msm, &[&[pubinputs]], &mut transcript)?;
+        let msm = guard.clone().use_challenges();
+
+        if msm.eval() {
+            Ok(())
+        } else {
+            Err(plonk::Error::ConstraintSystemFailure)
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn new(bytes: Vec<u8>) -> Self {
+        Proof(bytes)
+    }
+}
+
+impl Encodable for Proof {
+    fn encode<S: io::Write>(&self, mut s: S) -> Result<usize> {
+        s.write_slice(self.as_ref())?;
+        Ok(self.as_ref().len())
+    }
+}
+
+impl Decodable for Proof {
+    fn decode<D: io::Read>(mut d: D) -> Result<Self> {
+        let len = VarInt::decode(&mut d)?.0 as usize;
+        let mut r = vec![0u8; len];
+        d.read_slice(&mut r)?;
+        Ok(Proof::new(r))
+    }
+}

src/crypto/schnorr.rs

@@ -1,41 +1,52 @@
-use ff::Field;
-use group::GroupEncoding;
-use rand::rngs::OsRng;
 use std::io;
 
-use super::util::hash_to_scalar;
-use crate::error::Result;
-use crate::serial::{Decodable, Encodable};
+use halo2_gadgets::ecc::FixedPoints;
+use pasta_curves::{arithmetic::Field, group::GroupEncoding, pallas};
+use rand::rngs::OsRng;
+
+use super::{
+    constants::{OrchardFixedBases, DRK_SCHNORR_DOMAIN},
+    util::{hash_to_scalar, mod_r_p},
+};
+use crate::{
+    error::Result,
+    serial::{Decodable, Encodable},
+    types::{
+        derive_public_key, DrkCoinBlind, DrkPublicKey, DrkSecretKey, DrkSerial, DrkTokenId,
+        DrkValueBlind, DrkValueCommit,
+    },
+};
 
-pub struct SecretKey(pub jubjub::Fr);
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct SecretKey(pub pallas::Scalar);
 
 impl SecretKey {
     pub fn random() -> Self {
-        Self(jubjub::Fr::random(&mut OsRng))
+        Self(pallas::Scalar::random(&mut OsRng))
     }
 
     pub fn sign(&self, message: &[u8]) -> Signature {
-        let mask = jubjub::Fr::random(&mut OsRng);
-        let commit = zcash_primitives::constants::SPENDING_KEY_GENERATOR * mask;
-
-        let challenge = hash_to_scalar(b"DarkFi_Schnorr", &commit.to_bytes(), message);
+        let mask = DrkValueBlind::random(&mut OsRng);
+        let commit = OrchardFixedBases::SpendAuthG.generator() * mask;
 
+        let challenge = hash_to_scalar(DRK_SCHNORR_DOMAIN, &commit.to_bytes(), message);
         let response = mask + challenge * self.0;
 
         Signature { commit, response }
     }
 
     pub fn public_key(&self) -> PublicKey {
-        let public = zcash_primitives::constants::SPENDING_KEY_GENERATOR * self.0;
-        PublicKey(public)
+        let public_key = OrchardFixedBases::SpendAuthG.generator() * self.0;
+        PublicKey(public_key)
     }
 }
 
-pub struct PublicKey(pub jubjub::SubgroupPoint);
+#[derive(PartialEq)]
+pub struct PublicKey(pub DrkPublicKey);
 
 pub struct Signature {
-    commit: jubjub::SubgroupPoint,
-    response: jubjub::Fr,
+    commit: DrkValueCommit,
+    response: DrkValueBlind,
 }
 
 impl Encodable for Signature {
@@ -58,13 +69,24 @@ impl Decodable for Signature {
 
 impl PublicKey {
     pub fn verify(&self, message: &[u8], signature: &Signature) -> bool {
-        let challenge = hash_to_scalar(b"DarkFi_Schnorr", &signature.commit.to_bytes(), message);
-        zcash_primitives::constants::SPENDING_KEY_GENERATOR * signature.response
-            - self.0 * challenge
+        let challenge = hash_to_scalar(DRK_SCHNORR_DOMAIN, &signature.commit.to_bytes(), message);
+        OrchardFixedBases::SpendAuthG.generator() * signature.response - self.0 * challenge
             == signature.commit
     }
 }
 
+impl Encodable for PublicKey {
+    fn encode<S: io::Write>(&self, mut s: S) -> Result<usize> {
+        Ok(self.0.encode(s)?)
+    }
+}
+
+impl Decodable for PublicKey {
+    fn decode<D: io::Read>(mut d: D) -> Result<Self> {
+        Ok(Self(Decodable::decode(&mut d)?))
+    }
+}
+
 #[test]
 fn test_schnorr() {
     let secret = SecretKey::random();

src/crypto/spend_proof.rs

@@ -1,176 +1,114 @@
-use bellman::gadgets::multipack;
-use bellman::groth16;
-use blake2s_simd::Params as Blake2sParams;
-use bls12_381::Bls12;
-use ff::PrimeField;
-use group::{Curve, GroupEncoding};
-use rand::rngs::OsRng;
 use std::io;
 use std::time::Instant;
 
-use super::merkle_node::{merkle_hash, MerkleNode, SAPLING_COMMITMENT_TREE_DEPTH};
-use super::nullifier::Nullifier;
-use crate::circuit::spend_contract::SpendContract;
-use crate::error::Result;
-use crate::serial::{Decodable, Encodable};
+use halo2_gadgets::{
+    primitives,
+    primitives::poseidon::{ConstantLength, P128Pow5T3},
+};
+use incrementalmerkletree::Hashable;
+use log::debug;
+use pasta_curves::{
+    arithmetic::{CurveAffine, FieldExt},
+    group::Curve,
+    pallas,
+};
+
+use super::{
+    nullifier::Nullifier,
+    proof::{Proof, ProvingKey, VerifyingKey},
+    util::{mod_r_p, pedersen_commitment_scalar, pedersen_commitment_u64},
+};
+use crate::{
+    circuit::spend_contract::SpendContract,
+    crypto::{merkle_node2::MerkleNode, schnorr},
+    serial::{Decodable, Encodable},
+    types::*,
+    Result,
+};
 
 pub struct SpendRevealedValues {
-    pub value_commit: jubjub::SubgroupPoint,
-    pub token_commit: jubjub::SubgroupPoint,
+    pub value_commit: DrkValueCommit,
+    pub token_commit: DrkValueCommit,
     pub nullifier: Nullifier,
-    // This should not be here, we just have it for debugging
-    //coin: [u8; 32],
     pub merkle_root: MerkleNode,
-    pub signature_public: jubjub::SubgroupPoint,
+    pub signature_public: schnorr::PublicKey,
 }
 
 impl SpendRevealedValues {
     #[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
     fn compute(
         value: u64,
-        token_id: jubjub::Fr,
-        randomness_value: &jubjub::Fr,
-        randomness_token: &jubjub::Fr,
-        serial: &jubjub::Fr,
-        randomness_coin: &jubjub::Fr,
-        secret: &jubjub::Fr,
-        merkle_path: &[(bls12_381::Scalar, bool)],
-        signature_secret: &jubjub::Fr,
+        token_id: DrkTokenId,
+        value_blind: DrkValueBlind,
+        token_blind: DrkValueBlind,
+        serial: DrkSerial,
+        coin_blind: DrkCoinBlind,
+        secret: DrkSecretKey,
+        leaf_position: incrementalmerkletree::Position,
+        merkle_path: Vec<MerkleNode>,
+        signature_secret: schnorr::SecretKey,
     ) -> Self {
-        let value_commit = (zcash_primitives::constants::VALUE_COMMITMENT_VALUE_GENERATOR
-            * jubjub::Fr::from(value))
-            + (zcash_primitives::constants::VALUE_COMMITMENT_RANDOMNESS_GENERATOR
-                * randomness_value);
-
-        let token_commit = (zcash_primitives::constants::VALUE_COMMITMENT_VALUE_GENERATOR
-            * token_id)
-            + (zcash_primitives::constants::VALUE_COMMITMENT_RANDOMNESS_GENERATOR
-                * randomness_token);
-
-        let mut nullifier = [0; 32];
-        nullifier.copy_from_slice(
-            Blake2sParams::new()
-                .hash_length(32)
-                .personal(zcash_primitives::constants::PRF_NF_PERSONALIZATION)
-                .to_state()
-                .update(&secret.to_bytes())
-                .update(&serial.to_bytes())
-                .finalize()
-                .as_bytes(),
-        );
-        let nullifier = Nullifier::new(nullifier);
-
-        let public = zcash_primitives::constants::SPENDING_KEY_GENERATOR * secret;
-        let signature_public =
-            zcash_primitives::constants::SPENDING_KEY_GENERATOR * signature_secret;
-
-        let mut coin = [0; 32];
-        coin.copy_from_slice(
-            Blake2sParams::new()
-                .hash_length(32)
-                .personal(zcash_primitives::constants::CRH_IVK_PERSONALIZATION)
-                .to_state()
-                .update(&public.to_bytes())
-                .update(&value.to_le_bytes())
-                .update(&token_id.to_bytes())
-                .update(&serial.to_bytes())
-                .update(&randomness_coin.to_bytes())
-                .finalize()
-                .as_bytes(),
-        );
-
-        let merkle_root =
-            jubjub::ExtendedPoint::from(zcash_primitives::pedersen_hash::pedersen_hash(
-                zcash_primitives::pedersen_hash::Personalization::NoteCommitment,
-                multipack::bytes_to_bits_le(&coin),
-            ));
-        let affine = merkle_root.to_affine();
-        let mut merkle_root = affine.get_u();
+        let nullifier = [secret, serial];
+        let nullifier =
+            primitives::poseidon::Hash::init(P128Pow5T3, ConstantLength::<2>).hash(nullifier);
+
+        let public_key = derive_public_key(secret);
+        let coords = public_key.to_affine().coordinates().unwrap();
+        let messages = [
+            [*coords.x(), *coords.y()],
+            [DrkValue::from_u64(value), token_id],
+            [serial, coin_blind],
+        ];
+
+        let mut coin = DrkCoin::zero();
+        for msg in messages.iter() {
+            coin += primitives::poseidon::Hash::init(P128Pow5T3, ConstantLength::<2>).hash(*msg);
+        }
 
-        for (i, (right, is_right)) in merkle_path.iter().enumerate() {
-            if *is_right {
-                merkle_root = merkle_hash(i, &right.to_repr(), &merkle_root.to_repr());
-            } else {
-                merkle_root = merkle_hash(i, &merkle_root.to_repr(), &right.to_repr());
+        let merkle_root = {
+            let position: u64 = leaf_position.into();
+            let mut current = MerkleNode(coin);
+            for (level, sibling) in merkle_path.iter().enumerate() {
+                let level = level as u8;
+                current = if position & (1 << level) == 0 {
+                    MerkleNode::combine(level.into(), &current, sibling)
+                } else {
+                    MerkleNode::combine(level.into(), sibling, &current)
+                };
             }
-        }
+            current
+        };
 
-        let merkle_root = MerkleNode::new(merkle_root.to_repr());
+        let value_commit = pedersen_commitment_u64(value, value_blind);
+        let token_commit = pedersen_commitment_scalar(mod_r_p(token_id), token_blind);
 
         SpendRevealedValues {
             value_commit,
             token_commit,
-            nullifier,
+            nullifier: Nullifier(nullifier),
             merkle_root,
-            signature_public,
+            signature_public: signature_secret.public_key(),
         }
     }
 
-    fn make_outputs(&self) -> [bls12_381::Scalar; 9] {
-        let mut public_input = [bls12_381::Scalar::zero(); 9];
-
-        // CV
-        {
-            let result = jubjub::ExtendedPoint::from(self.value_commit);
-            let affine = result.to_affine();
-            //let (u, v) = (affine.get_u(), affine.get_v());
-            let u = affine.get_u();
-            let v = affine.get_v();
-            public_input[0] = u;
-            public_input[1] = v;
-        }
-
-        // CA
-        {
-            let result = jubjub::ExtendedPoint::from(self.token_commit);
-            let affine = result.to_affine();
-            //let (u, v) = (affine.get_u(), affine.get_v());
-            let u = affine.get_u();
-            let v = affine.get_v();
-            public_input[2] = u;
-            public_input[3] = v;
-        }
-
-        // NF
-        {
-            // Pack the hash as inputs for proof verification.
-            let hash = multipack::bytes_to_bits_le(&self.nullifier.repr);
-            let hash = multipack::compute_multipacking(&hash);
-
-            // There are 2 chunks for a blake hash
-            assert_eq!(hash.len(), 2);
-
-            public_input[4] = hash[0];
-            public_input[5] = hash[1];
-        }
-
-        // Not revealed. We leave this code here for debug
-        // Coin
-        /*{
-            // Pack the hash as inputs for proof verification.
-            let hash = multipack::bytes_to_bits_le(&self.coin);
-            let hash = multipack::compute_multipacking(&hash);
-
-            // There are 2 chunks for a blake hash
-            assert_eq!(hash.len(), 2);
-
-            public_input[4] = hash[0];
-            public_input[5] = hash[1];
-        }*/
-
-        public_input[6] = self.merkle_root.into();
-
-        {
-            let result = jubjub::ExtendedPoint::from(self.signature_public);
-            let affine = result.to_affine();
-            //let (u, v) = (affine.get_u(), affine.get_v());
-            let u = affine.get_u();
-            let v = affine.get_v();
-            public_input[7] = u;
-            public_input[8] = v;
-        }
-
-        public_input
+    fn make_outputs(&self) -> [DrkCircuitField; 8] {
+        let value_coords = self.value_commit.to_affine().coordinates().unwrap();
+        let token_coords = self.token_commit.to_affine().coordinates().unwrap();
+        let merkle_root = self.merkle_root.0;
+        let sig_coords = self.signature_public.0.to_affine().coordinates().unwrap();
+
+        vec![
+            self.nullifier.inner(),
+            *value_coords.x(),
+            *value_coords.y(),
+            *token_coords.x(),
+            *token_coords.y(),
+            merkle_root,
+            *sig_coords.x(),
+            *sig_coords.y(),
+        ]
+        .try_into()
+        .unwrap()
     }
 }
 
@@ -198,93 +136,68 @@ impl Decodable for SpendRevealedValues {
     }
 }
 
-pub fn setup_spend_prover() -> groth16::Parameters<Bls12> {
-    println!("Spend: Making random params...");
-    let start = Instant::now();
-    let params = {
-        let c = SpendContract {
-            value: None,
-            token_id: None,
-            randomness_value: None,
-            randomness_token: None,
-            serial: None,
-            randomness_coin: None,
-            secret: None,
-
-            branch: [None; SAPLING_COMMITMENT_TREE_DEPTH],
-            is_right: [None; SAPLING_COMMITMENT_TREE_DEPTH],
-
-            signature_secret: None,
-        };
-        groth16::generate_random_parameters::<Bls12, _, _>(c, &mut OsRng).unwrap()
-    };
-    println!("Setup: [{:?}]", start.elapsed());
-    params
-}
-
 #[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
 pub fn create_spend_proof(
-    params: &groth16::Parameters<Bls12>,
     value: u64,
-    token_id: jubjub::Fr,
-    randomness_value: jubjub::Fr,
-    randomness_token: jubjub::Fr,
-    serial: jubjub::Fr,
-    randomness_coin: jubjub::Fr,
-    secret: jubjub::Fr,
-    merkle_path: Vec<(bls12_381::Scalar, bool)>,
-    signature_secret: jubjub::Fr,
-) -> (groth16::Proof<Bls12>, SpendRevealedValues) {
-    assert_eq!(merkle_path.len(), SAPLING_COMMITMENT_TREE_DEPTH);
-    let mut branch: [_; SAPLING_COMMITMENT_TREE_DEPTH] = Default::default();
-    let mut is_right: [_; SAPLING_COMMITMENT_TREE_DEPTH] = Default::default();
-    for (i, (branch_i, is_right_i)) in merkle_path.iter().enumerate() {
-        branch[i] = Some(*branch_i);
-        is_right[i] = Some(*is_right_i);
-    }
-    let c = SpendContract {
-        value: Some(value),
-        token_id: Some(token_id),
-        randomness_value: Some(randomness_value),
-        randomness_token: Some(randomness_token),
-        serial: Some(serial),
-        randomness_coin: Some(randomness_coin),
-        secret: Some(secret),
+    token_id: DrkTokenId,
+    value_blind: DrkValueBlind,
+    token_blind: DrkValueBlind,
+    serial: DrkSerial,
+    coin_blind: DrkCoinBlind,
+    secret: DrkSecretKey,
+    leaf_position: incrementalmerkletree::Position,
+    merkle_path: Vec<MerkleNode>,
+    signature_secret: schnorr::SecretKey,
+) -> Result<(Proof, SpendRevealedValues)> {
+    const K: u32 = 11;
+
+    let revealed = SpendRevealedValues::compute(
+        value,
+        token_id,
+        value_blind,
+        token_blind,
+        serial,
+        coin_blind,
+        secret,
+        leaf_position,
+        merkle_path.clone(),
+        signature_secret.clone(),
+    );
 
-        branch,
-        is_right,
+    let merkle_path: Vec<pallas::Base> = merkle_path.iter().map(|node| node.0).collect();
+    let leaf_position: u64 = leaf_position.into();
 
-        signature_secret: Some(signature_secret),
+    let c = SpendContract {
+        secret_key: Some(secret),
+        serial: Some(serial),
+        value: Some(DrkValue::from_u64(value)),
+        asset: Some(token_id),
+        coin_blind: Some(coin_blind),
+        value_blind: Some(value_blind),
+        asset_blind: Some(token_blind),
+        leaf_pos: Some(leaf_position as u32),
+        merkle_path: Some(merkle_path.try_into().unwrap()),
+        sig_secret: Some(signature_secret.0),
     };
 
     let start = Instant::now();
-    let proof = groth16::create_random_proof(c, params, &mut OsRng).unwrap();
-    println!("Prove: [{:?}]", start.elapsed());
+    // TODO: Don't always build this
+    let pk = ProvingKey::build(K, SpendContract::default());
+    debug!("Setup: [{:?}]", start.elapsed());
 
-    let revealed = SpendRevealedValues::compute(
-        value,
-        token_id,
-        &randomness_value,
-        &randomness_token,
-        &serial,
-        &randomness_coin,
-        &secret,
-        &merkle_path,
-        &signature_secret,
-    );
+    let start = Instant::now();
+    let public_inputs = revealed.make_outputs();
+    let proof = Proof::create(&pk, &[c], &public_inputs)?;
+    debug!("Prove: [{:?}]", start.elapsed());
 
-    (proof, revealed)
+    Ok((proof, revealed))
 }
 
 pub fn verify_spend_proof(
-    pvk: &groth16::PreparedVerifyingKey<Bls12>,
-    proof: &groth16::Proof<Bls12>,
+    vk: &VerifyingKey,
+    proof: Proof,
     revealed: &SpendRevealedValues,
-) -> bool {
-    let public_input = revealed.make_outputs();
-
-    let start = Instant::now();
-    let result = groth16::verify_proof(pvk, proof, &public_input).is_ok();
-    println!("Verify: [{:?}]", start.elapsed());
-    result
+) -> Result<()> {
+    let public_inputs = revealed.make_outputs();
+    Ok(proof.verify(vk, &public_inputs)?)
 }

src/crypto/util.rs

@@ -1,9 +1,40 @@
 use blake2b_simd::Params;
+use pasta_curves::{
+    arithmetic::{CurveExt, FieldExt},
+    group::ff::PrimeField,
+    pallas,
+};
 
-pub fn hash_to_scalar(persona: &[u8], a: &[u8], b: &[u8]) -> jubjub::Fr {
+use super::constants::fixed_bases::{
+    VALUE_COMMITMENT_PERSONALIZATION, VALUE_COMMITMENT_R_BYTES, VALUE_COMMITMENT_V_BYTES,
+};
+use crate::types::*;
+
+pub fn hash_to_scalar(persona: &[u8], a: &[u8], b: &[u8]) -> DrkScalar {
     let mut hasher = Params::new().hash_length(64).personal(persona).to_state();
     hasher.update(a);
     hasher.update(b);
     let ret = hasher.finalize();
-    jubjub::Fr::from_bytes_wide(ret.as_array())
+    DrkScalar::from_bytes_wide(ret.as_array())
+}
+
+#[allow(non_snake_case)]
+pub fn pedersen_commitment_scalar(value: DrkScalar, blind: DrkValueBlind) -> DrkValueCommit {
+    let hasher = DrkValueCommit::hash_to_curve(VALUE_COMMITMENT_PERSONALIZATION);
+    let V = hasher(&VALUE_COMMITMENT_V_BYTES);
+    let R = hasher(&VALUE_COMMITMENT_R_BYTES);
+
+    V * value + R * blind
+}
+
+pub fn pedersen_commitment_u64(value: u64, blind: DrkValueBlind) -> DrkValueCommit {
+    pedersen_commitment_scalar(mod_r_p(DrkValue::from_u64(value)), blind)
+}
+
+/// Converts from pallas::Base to pallas::Scalar (aka $x \pmod{r_\mathbb{P}}$).
+///
+/// This requires no modular reduction because Pallas' base field is smaller than its
+/// scalar field.
+pub fn mod_r_p(x: pallas::Base) -> pallas::Scalar {
+    pallas::Scalar::from_repr(x.to_repr()).unwrap()
 }

src/error.rs

@@ -1,154 +1,169 @@
+use std::fmt;
+
 use crate::client;
 use crate::state;
-use crate::vm::ZkVmError;
 
 pub type Result<T> = std::result::Result<T, Error>;
 
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, thiserror::Error)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub enum Error {
-    #[error("io error: `{0:?}`")]
     Io(std::io::ErrorKind),
 
-    #[error("Cannot find home directory")]
-    PathNotFound,
     /// VarInt was encoded in a non-minimal way
-    #[error("non-minimal varint")]
+    PathNotFound,
     NonMinimalVarInt,
 
     /// Parsing And Encode/Decode errors
-    #[error("parse failed: `{0}`")]
     ParseFailed(&'static str),
-    #[error(transparent)]
-    ParseIntError(#[from] std::num::ParseIntError),
-    #[error(transparent)]
-    ParseBigIntError(#[from] num_bigint::ParseBigIntError),
-    #[error(transparent)]
-    ParseFloatError(#[from] std::num::ParseFloatError),
-    #[error(transparent)]
-    FromHexError(#[from] hex::FromHexError),
-    #[error("Url parse erro `{0}`")]
-    UrlParseError(String),
-    #[error("No url found")]
-    NoUrlFound,
-    #[error("Malformed packet")]
+    ParseIntError,
+    ParseBigIntError,
+    ParseFloatError,
+    FromHexError,
+    UrlParseError,
     MalformedPacket,
-    #[error(transparent)]
-    AddrParseError(#[from] std::net::AddrParseError),
-    #[error(transparent)]
-    Base58EncodeError(#[from] bs58::encode::Error),
-    #[error(transparent)]
-    Base58DecodeError(#[from] bs58::decode::Error),
-    #[error(transparent)]
-    Utf8Error(#[from] std::string::FromUtf8Error),
-    #[error(transparent)]
-    StrUtf8Error(#[from] std::str::Utf8Error),
-    #[error("TryInto error")]
+    AddrParseError,
+    Base58EncodeError(String),
+    Base58DecodeError(String),
+    Utf8Error,
+    StrUtf8Error(String),
     TryIntoError,
-    #[error("TryFrom error")]
     TryFromError,
-    #[error(transparent)]
-    TryFromBigIntError(#[from] num_bigint::TryFromBigIntError<num_bigint::BigUint>),
-    #[error("Json serialization error: `{0}`")]
+    TryFromBigIntError,
     SerdeJsonError(String),
-    #[error(transparent)]
-    TomlDeserializeError(#[from] toml::de::Error),
-    #[error(transparent)]
-    TomlSerializeError(#[from] toml::ser::Error),
+    TomlDeserializeError(String),
+    TomlSerializeError(String),
 
     /// Contract
-    #[error("Bad variable ref type byte")]
     BadVariableRefType,
-    #[error("Bad operation type byte")]
     BadOperationType,
-    #[error("Bad constraint type byte")]
     BadConstraintType,
-    #[error("Invalid param name")]
     InvalidParamName,
-    #[error("Missing params")]
+    InvalidParamType,
     MissingParams,
-    #[error(transparent)]
-    VmError(#[from] ZkVmError),
-    #[error("Contract is poorly defined")]
+    VmError,
     BadContract,
-    #[error("Groth16 Error: `{0}`")]
-    Groth16Error(String),
-    #[error("Operation failed")]
+    Groth16Error,
+    PlonkError,
     OperationFailed,
-    #[error("Unable to decrypt mint note")]
     NoteDecryptionFailed,
-    #[error(transparent)]
-    VerifyFailed(#[from] state::VerifyFailed),
-    #[error("MerkleTree is full")]
+    VerifyFailed,
     TreeFull,
 
     /// Service
-    #[error("Services Error: `{0}`")]
     ServicesError(&'static str),
-    #[error("Client failed: `{0}`")]
     ClientFailed(String),
     #[cfg(feature = "btc")]
-    #[error(transparent)]
-    BtcFailed(#[from] crate::service::BtcFailed),
+    BtcFailed(String),
     #[cfg(feature = "sol")]
-    #[error("Sol client failed: `{0}`")]
     SolFailed(String),
     #[cfg(feature = "eth")]
-    #[error(transparent)]
-    EthFailed(#[from] crate::service::EthFailed),
-    #[error("BridgeError Error: `{0}`")]
+    EthFailed(String),
     BridgeError(String),
-    #[error("ZmqError: `{0}`")]
     ZmqError(String),
 
     /// Database/Sql errors
-    #[error("Rocksdb error: `{0}`")]
     RocksdbError(String),
-    #[error("Rusqlite error: `{0}`")]
     RusqliteError(String),
-    #[error("SlabsStore Error: `{0}`")]
     SlabsStore(String),
 
     /// RPC errors
-    #[error("JsonRpc Error: `{0}`")]
     JsonRpcError(String),
-    #[error("Not supported network")]
     NotSupportedNetwork,
-    #[error("Not supported token")]
     NotSupportedToken,
-    #[error("Could not parse token parameter")]
     TokenParseError,
-    #[error("Cannot parse network parameter")]
     NetworkParseError,
-    #[error("Async_Native_TLS error: `{0}`")]
-    AsyncNativeTlsError(String),
-    #[error("TungsteniteError: `{0}`")]
-    TungsteniteError(String),
+    AsyncNativeTlsError,
+    TungsteniteError,
 
     /// Network
-    #[error("Connection failed")]
     ConnectFailed,
-    #[error("Connection timed out")]
     ConnectTimeout,
-    #[error("Channel stopped")]
     ChannelStopped,
-    #[error("Channel timed out")]
     ChannelTimeout,
-    #[error("Service stopped")]
     ServiceStopped,
 
     /// Util
-    #[error("No config file detected. Please create one.")]
     ConfigNotFound,
-    #[error("No keypair file detected.")]
     KeypairPathNotFound,
-    #[error("No cashier public keys detected.")]
     CashierKeysNotFound,
-    #[error("SetLoggerError")]
     SetLoggerError,
-    #[error("Async_channel sender error")]
     AsyncChannelSenderError,
-    #[error(transparent)]
-    AsyncChannelReceiverError(#[from] async_channel::RecvError),
+    AsyncChannelReceiverError,
+}
+
+impl std::error::Error for Error {}
+
+impl fmt::Display for Error {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        match *self {
+            Error::PathNotFound => f.write_str("Cannot find home directory"),
+            Error::Io(ref err) => write!(f, "io error:{:?}", err),
+            Error::NonMinimalVarInt => f.write_str("non-minimal varint"),
+            Error::ParseFailed(ref err) => write!(f, "parse failed: {}", err),
+            Error::ParseIntError => f.write_str("Parse int error"),
+            Error::ParseBigIntError => f.write_str("Parse big int error"),
+            Error::ParseFloatError => f.write_str("Parse float error"),
+            Error::UrlParseError => f.write_str("Failed to parse URL"),
+            Error::FromHexError => f.write_str("Failed to convert from hex"),
+            Error::AsyncChannelSenderError => f.write_str("Async_channel sender error"),
+            Error::AsyncChannelReceiverError => f.write_str("Async_channel receiver error"),
+            Error::AsyncNativeTlsError => f.write_str("Async_Native_TLS error"),
+            Error::MalformedPacket => f.write_str("Malformed packet"),
+            Error::AddrParseError => f.write_str("Unable to parse address"),
+            Error::BadVariableRefType => f.write_str("Bad variable ref type byte"),
+            Error::BadOperationType => f.write_str("Bad operation type byte"),
+            Error::BadConstraintType => f.write_str("Bad constraint type byte"),
+            Error::InvalidParamName => f.write_str("Invalid param name"),
+            Error::InvalidParamType => f.write_str("Invalid param type"),
+            Error::MissingParams => f.write_str("Missing params"),
+            Error::VmError => f.write_str("VM error"),
+            Error::BadContract => f.write_str("Contract is poorly defined"),
+            Error::Groth16Error => f.write_str("Groth16 error"),
+            Error::PlonkError => f.write_str("Plonk error"),
+            Error::RusqliteError(ref err) => write!(f, "Rusqlite error {}", err),
+            Error::OperationFailed => f.write_str("Operation failed"),
+            Error::ConnectFailed => f.write_str("Connection failed"),
+            Error::ConnectTimeout => f.write_str("Connection timed out"),
+            Error::ChannelStopped => f.write_str("Channel stopped"),
+            Error::ChannelTimeout => f.write_str("Channel timed out"),
+            Error::ServiceStopped => f.write_str("Service stopped"),
+            Error::Utf8Error => f.write_str("Malformed UTF8"),
+            Error::StrUtf8Error(ref err) => write!(f, "Malformed UTF8: {}", err),
+            Error::NoteDecryptionFailed => f.write_str("Unable to decrypt mint note"),
+            Error::ServicesError(ref err) => write!(f, "Services error: {}", err),
+            Error::ZmqError(ref err) => write!(f, "ZmqError: {}", err),
+            Error::VerifyFailed => f.write_str("Verify failed"),
+            Error::ClientFailed(ref err) => write!(f, "Client failed: {}", err),
+            #[cfg(feature = "btc")]
+            Error::BtcFailed(ref err) => write!(f, "Btc client failed: {}", err),
+            #[cfg(feature = "sol")]
+            Error::SolFailed(ref err) => write!(f, "Sol client failed: {}", err),
+            #[cfg(feature = "eth")]
+            Error::EthFailed(ref err) => write!(f, "Eth client failed: {}", err),
+            Error::TryIntoError => f.write_str("TryInto error"),
+            Error::TryFromError => f.write_str("TryFrom error"),
+            Error::TryFromBigIntError => f.write_str("TryFromBigInt error"),
+            Error::RocksdbError(ref err) => write!(f, "Rocksdb Error: {}", err),
+            Error::SlabsStore(ref err) => write!(f, "SlabsStore Error: {}", err),
+            Error::JsonRpcError(ref err) => write!(f, "JsonRpc Error: {}", err),
+            Error::TreeFull => f.write_str("MerkleTree is full"),
+            Error::NotSupportedNetwork => f.write_str("Not supported network"),
+            Error::NotSupportedToken => f.write_str("Not supported token"),
+            Error::BridgeError(ref err) => write!(f, "Bridge error: {}", err),
+            Error::SerdeJsonError(ref err) => write!(f, "Json serialization error: {}", err),
+            Error::TomlDeserializeError(ref err) => write!(f, "Toml parsing error: {}", err),
+            Error::TomlSerializeError(ref err) => write!(f, "Toml parsing error: {}", err),
+            Error::Base58EncodeError(ref err) => write!(f, "bs58 encode error: {}", err),
+            Error::Base58DecodeError(ref err) => write!(f, "bs58 decode error: {}", err),
+            Error::ConfigNotFound => f.write_str("No config file detected. Please create one."),
+            Error::KeypairPathNotFound => f.write_str("No keypair file detected."),
+            Error::CashierKeysNotFound => f.write_str("No cashier public keys detected."),
+            Error::SetLoggerError => f.write_str("SetLoggerError"),
+            Error::TokenParseError => f.write_str("Could not parse token parameter"),
+            Error::TungsteniteError => f.write_str("TungsteniteError"),
+            Error::NetworkParseError => f.write_str("Cannot parse network parameter"),
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 impl From<zeromq::ZmqError> for Error {
@@ -163,12 +178,6 @@ impl From<rocksdb::Error> for Error {
     }
 }
 
-impl From<rusqlite::Error> for Error {
-    fn from(err: rusqlite::Error) -> Error {
-        Error::RusqliteError(err.to_string())
-    }
-}
-
 impl From<serde_json::Error> for Error {
     fn from(err: serde_json::Error) -> Error {
         Error::SerdeJsonError(err.to_string())
@@ -181,9 +190,9 @@ impl From<std::io::Error> for Error {
     }
 }
 
-impl From<client::ClientFailed> for Error {
-    fn from(err: client::ClientFailed) -> Error {
-        Error::ClientFailed(err.to_string())
+impl From<rusqlite::Error> for Error {
+    fn from(err: rusqlite::Error) -> Error {
+        Error::RusqliteError(err.to_string())
     }
 }
 
@@ -193,26 +202,88 @@ impl<T> From<async_channel::SendError<T>> for Error {
     }
 }
 
-impl From<log::SetLoggerError> for Error {
-    fn from(_err: log::SetLoggerError) -> Error {
-        Error::SetLoggerError
+impl From<async_channel::RecvError> for Error {
+    fn from(_err: async_channel::RecvError) -> Error {
+        Error::AsyncChannelReceiverError
     }
 }
 
-impl From<tungstenite::Error> for Error {
-    fn from(err: tungstenite::Error) -> Error {
-        Error::TungsteniteError(err.to_string())
+impl From<async_native_tls::Error> for Error {
+    fn from(_err: async_native_tls::Error) -> Error {
+        Error::AsyncNativeTlsError
     }
 }
-impl From<async_native_tls::Error> for Error {
-    fn from(err: async_native_tls::Error) -> Error {
-        Error::AsyncNativeTlsError(err.to_string())
+
+impl From<std::net::AddrParseError> for Error {
+    fn from(_err: std::net::AddrParseError) -> Error {
+        Error::AddrParseError
     }
 }
 
 impl From<url::ParseError> for Error {
-    fn from(err: url::ParseError) -> Error {
-        Error::UrlParseError(err.to_string())
+    fn from(_err: url::ParseError) -> Error {
+        Error::UrlParseError
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<hex::FromHexError> for Error {
+    fn from(_err: hex::FromHexError) -> Error {
+        Error::FromHexError
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<std::num::ParseIntError> for Error {
+    fn from(_err: std::num::ParseIntError) -> Error {
+        Error::ParseIntError
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<num_bigint::ParseBigIntError> for Error {
+    fn from(_err: num_bigint::ParseBigIntError) -> Error {
+        Error::ParseBigIntError
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<num_bigint::TryFromBigIntError<num_bigint::BigUint>> for Error {
+    fn from(_err: num_bigint::TryFromBigIntError<num_bigint::BigUint>) -> Error {
+        Error::TryFromBigIntError
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<std::num::ParseFloatError> for Error {
+    fn from(_err: std::num::ParseFloatError) -> Error {
+        Error::ParseFloatError
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<std::string::FromUtf8Error> for Error {
+    fn from(_err: std::string::FromUtf8Error) -> Error {
+        Error::Utf8Error
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<std::str::Utf8Error> for Error {
+    fn from(err: std::str::Utf8Error) -> Error {
+        Error::StrUtf8Error(err.to_string())
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<state::VerifyFailed> for Error {
+    fn from(_err: state::VerifyFailed) -> Error {
+        Error::VerifyFailed
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<client::ClientFailed> for Error {
+    fn from(err: client::ClientFailed) -> Error {
+        Error::ClientFailed(err.to_string())
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "btc")]
+impl From<crate::service::BtcFailed> for Error {
+    fn from(err: crate::service::BtcFailed) -> Error {
+        Error::BtcFailed(err.to_string())
     }
 }
 
@@ -223,8 +294,51 @@ impl From<crate::service::SolFailed> for Error {
     }
 }
 
-impl From<bellman::SynthesisError> for Error {
-    fn from(err: bellman::SynthesisError) -> Error {
-        Error::Groth16Error(err.to_string())
+#[cfg(feature = "eth")]
+impl From<crate::service::EthFailed> for Error {
+    fn from(err: crate::service::EthFailed) -> Error {
+        Error::EthFailed(err.to_string())
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<toml::de::Error> for Error {
+    fn from(err: toml::de::Error) -> Error {
+        Error::TomlDeserializeError(err.to_string())
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<toml::ser::Error> for Error {
+    fn from(err: toml::ser::Error) -> Error {
+        Error::TomlSerializeError(err.to_string())
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<bs58::encode::Error> for Error {
+    fn from(err: bs58::encode::Error) -> Error {
+        Error::Base58EncodeError(err.to_string())
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<bs58::decode::Error> for Error {
+    fn from(err: bs58::decode::Error) -> Error {
+        Error::Base58DecodeError(err.to_string())
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<log::SetLoggerError> for Error {
+    fn from(_err: log::SetLoggerError) -> Error {
+        Error::SetLoggerError
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<tungstenite::Error> for Error {
+    fn from(_err: tungstenite::Error) -> Error {
+        Error::TungsteniteError
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<halo2::plonk::Error> for Error {
+    fn from(_err: halo2::plonk::Error) -> Error {
+        Error::PlonkError
     }
 }

src/lib.rs

@@ -1,11 +1,5 @@
-use std::collections::{HashMap, HashSet};
-
-use bellman::groth16;
-use bls12_381::{Bls12, Scalar};
-
 pub mod async_serial;
 pub mod blockchain;
-pub mod bls_extensions;
 pub mod circuit;
 pub mod cli;
 pub mod client;
@@ -19,111 +13,10 @@ pub mod service;
 pub mod state;
 pub mod system;
 pub mod tx;
+pub mod types;
 pub mod util;
-pub mod vm;
-pub mod vm_serial;
+pub mod vm2;
+pub mod vm2_serial;
 pub mod wallet;
 
-pub use crate::bls_extensions::BlsStringConversion;
 pub use crate::error::{Error, Result};
-pub use crate::net::p2p::P2p;
-pub use crate::serial::{Decodable, Encodable};
-pub use crate::vm::{
-    AllocType, ConstraintInstruction, CryptoOperation, VariableIndex, VariableRef,
-    ZkVirtualMachine, ZkVmCircuit,
-};
-
-pub type Bytes = Vec<u8>;
-
-pub struct ZkContract {
-    pub name: String,
-    pub vm: ZkVirtualMachine,
-    params_map: HashMap<String, VariableIndex>,
-    pub params: HashMap<VariableIndex, Scalar>,
-    public_map: bimap::BiMap<String, VariableIndex>,
-}
-
-pub struct ZkProof {
-    pub public: HashMap<String, Scalar>,
-    pub proof: groth16::Proof<Bls12>,
-}
-
-impl ZkContract {
-    // Just have a load() and save()
-    // Load the contract, do the setup, save it...
-
-    pub fn setup(&mut self, filename: &str) -> Result<()> {
-        self.vm.setup()?;
-
-        let buffer = std::fs::File::create(filename)?;
-        self.vm.params.as_ref().unwrap().write(buffer)?;
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    pub fn load_setup(&mut self, filename: &str) -> Result<()> {
-        let buffer = std::fs::File::open(filename)?;
-        let setup = groth16::Parameters::<Bls12>::read(buffer, false)?;
-        let vk = groth16::prepare_verifying_key(&setup.vk);
-        self.vm.params = Some(setup);
-        self.vm.verifying_key = Some(vk);
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    pub fn param_names(&self) -> Vec<String> {
-        self.params_map.keys().cloned().collect()
-    }
-    pub fn set_param(&mut self, name: &str, value: Scalar) -> Result<()> {
-        match self.params_map.get(name) {
-            Some(index) => {
-                self.params.insert(*index, value);
-                Ok(())
-            }
-            None => Err(Error::InvalidParamName),
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub fn prove(&mut self) -> Result<ZkProof> {
-        // Error if params not all set
-        let user_params: HashSet<_> = self.params.keys().collect();
-        let req_params: HashSet<_> = self.params_map.values().collect();
-        if user_params != req_params {
-            return Err(Error::MissingParams);
-        }
-
-        // execute
-        let params = std::mem::take(&mut self.params);
-        self.vm.initialize(&params.into_iter().collect())?;
-
-        // prove
-        let proof = self.vm.prove();
-
-        let mut public = HashMap::new();
-        for (index, value) in self.vm.public() {
-            match self.public_map.get_by_right(&index) {
-                Some(name) => {
-                    public.insert(name.clone(), value);
-                }
-                None => return Err(Error::BadContract),
-            }
-        }
-
-        // return proof and public values (Hashmap string -> scalars)
-        Ok(ZkProof { public, proof })
-    }
-    pub fn verify(&self, proof: &ZkProof) -> bool {
-        let mut public = vec![];
-        for (name, value) in &proof.public {
-            match self.public_map.get_by_left(name) {
-                Some(index) => {
-                    public.push((index, *value));
-                }
-                None => return false,
-            }
-        }
-        public.sort_by(|a, b| a.0.partial_cmp(b.0).unwrap());
-        let (_, public): (Vec<VariableIndex>, Vec<Scalar>) = public.into_iter().unzip();
-
-        // Takes proof and public values
-        self.vm.verify(&proof.proof, &public)
-    }
-}

src/serial.rs

@@ -3,8 +3,6 @@ use std::io::{Cursor, Read, Write};
 use std::net::{IpAddr, SocketAddr};
 use std::{io, mem};
 
-use bls12_381 as bls;
-
 use crate::endian;
 use crate::error::{Error, Result};
 
@@ -446,7 +444,7 @@ macro_rules! impl_vec {
         }
     };
 }
-impl_vec!(bls::Scalar);
+
 impl_vec!(SocketAddr);
 impl_vec!([u8; 32]);
 
@@ -542,29 +540,26 @@ impl Decodable for Box<[u8]> {
 
 // Tuples
 macro_rules! tuple_encode {
-($($x:ident),*) => (
-impl <$($x: Encodable),*> Encodable for ($($x),*) {
-#[inline]
-#[allow(non_snake_case)]
-fn encode<S: io::Write>(
-&self,
-mut s: S,
-) -> Result<usize> {
-let &($(ref $x),*) = self;
-let mut len = 0;
-$(len += $x.encode(&mut s)?;)*
-Ok(len)
-}
-}
+    ($($x:ident),*) => (
+        impl <$($x: Encodable),*> Encodable for ($($x),*) {
+            #[inline]
+            #[allow(non_snake_case)]
+            fn encode<S: io::Write>(&self, mut s: S) -> Result<usize> {
+                let &($(ref $x),*) = self;
+                let mut len = 0;
+                $(len += $x.encode(&mut s)?;)*
+                Ok(len)
+            }
+        }
 
-impl<$($x: Decodable),*> Decodable for ($($x),*) {
-#[inline]
-#[allow(non_snake_case)]
-fn decode<D: io::Read>(mut d: D) -> Result<Self> {
-Ok(($({let $x = Decodable::decode(&mut d)?; $x }),*))
-}
-}
-);
+        impl<$($x: Decodable),*> Decodable for ($($x),*) {
+            #[inline]
+            #[allow(non_snake_case)]
+            fn decode<D: io::Read>(mut d: D) -> Result<Self> {
+                Ok(($({let $x = Decodable::decode(&mut d)?; $x }),*))
+            }
+        }
+    );
 }
 
 tuple_encode!(T0, T1);

src/service/bridge.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-use async_std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 
 use async_executor::Executor;
+use async_std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};
 use async_trait::async_trait;
 use futures::stream::FuturesUnordered;
 use futures::stream::StreamExt;
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ use log::*;
 
 use crate::util::NetworkName;
 use crate::wallet::cashierdb::TokenKey;
-use crate::{Error, Result};
+use crate::{types::*, Error, Result};
 
 pub struct BridgeRequests {
     pub network: NetworkName,
@@ -55,8 +55,8 @@ pub struct TokenSubscribtion {
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct TokenNotification {
     pub network: NetworkName,
-    pub token_id: jubjub::Fr,
-    pub drk_pub_key: jubjub::SubgroupPoint,
+    pub token_id: DrkTokenId,
+    pub drk_pub_key: DrkPublicKey,
     pub received_balance: u64,
     pub decimals: u16,
 }
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ impl Bridge {
 
     pub async fn subscribe(
         self: Arc<Self>,
-        drk_pub_key: jubjub::SubgroupPoint,
+        drk_pub_key: DrkPublicKey,
         mint: Option<String>,
         executor: Arc<Executor<'_>>,
     ) -> BridgeSubscribtion {
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ impl Bridge {
         self: Arc<Self>,
         req: async_channel::Receiver<BridgeRequests>,
         rep: async_channel::Sender<BridgeResponse>,
-        drk_pub_key: jubjub::SubgroupPoint,
+        drk_pub_key: DrkPublicKey,
         mint: Option<String>,
         executor: Arc<Executor<'_>>,
     ) -> Result<()> {
@@ -238,7 +238,7 @@ impl Bridge {
 pub trait NetworkClient {
     async fn subscribe(
         self: Arc<Self>,
-        drk_pub_key: jubjub::SubgroupPoint,
+        drk_pub_key: DrkPublicKey,
         mint: Option<String>,
         executor: Arc<Executor<'_>>,
     ) -> Result<TokenSubscribtion>;
@@ -248,7 +248,7 @@ pub trait NetworkClient {
         self: Arc<Self>,
         private_key: Vec<u8>,
         public_key: Vec<u8>,
-        drk_pub_key: jubjub::SubgroupPoint,
+        drk_pub_key: DrkPublicKey,
         mint: Option<String>,
         executor: Arc<Executor<'_>>,
     ) -> Result<String>;

src/service/btc.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-use async_std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};
 use std::cmp::max;
 use std::collections::BTreeMap;
 use std::convert::{From, TryFrom, TryInto};
@@ -9,6 +8,7 @@ use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
 
 use anyhow::Context;
 use async_executor::Executor;
+use async_std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};
 use async_trait::async_trait;
 
 use bdk::electrum_client::{
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ use secp256k1::{
 use super::bridge::{NetworkClient, TokenNotification, TokenSubscribtion};
 use crate::serial::{deserialize, serialize, Decodable, Encodable};
 use crate::util::{generate_id, NetworkName};
-use crate::{Error, Result};
+use crate::{types::*, Error, Result};
 
 // Swap out these types for any future non bitcoin-rs types
 pub type PubAddress = Address;
@@ -357,7 +357,7 @@ impl BtcClient {
     async fn handle_subscribe_request(
         self: Arc<Self>,
         btc_keys: Account,
-        drk_pub_key: jubjub::SubgroupPoint,
+        drk_pub_key: DrkPublicKey,
     ) -> BtcResult<()> {
         let client = self.client.clone();
 
@@ -528,7 +528,7 @@ impl BtcClient {
 impl NetworkClient for BtcClient {
     async fn subscribe(
         self: Arc<Self>,
-        drk_pub_key: jubjub::SubgroupPoint,
+        drk_pub_key: DrkPublicKey,
         _mint: Option<String>,
         executor: Arc<Executor<'_>>,
     ) -> Result<TokenSubscribtion> {
@@ -560,7 +560,7 @@ impl NetworkClient for BtcClient {
         self: Arc<Self>,
         private_key: Vec<u8>,
         _public_key: Vec<u8>,
-        drk_pub_key: jubjub::SubgroupPoint,
+        drk_pub_key: DrkPublicKey,
         _mint: Option<String>,
         executor: Arc<Executor<'_>>,
     ) -> Result<String> {

src/service/eth.rs

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
-use async_std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};
 use std::convert::TryInto;
 use std::time::Duration;
 
 use async_executor::Executor;
+use async_std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};
 use async_trait::async_trait;
 use hash_db::Hasher;
 use keccak_hasher::KeccakHasher;
@@ -16,19 +16,14 @@ use super::bridge::{NetworkClient, TokenNotification, TokenSubscribtion};
 use crate::{
     rpc::jsonrpc,
     rpc::jsonrpc::JsonResult,
-    serial::{deserialize, serialize, Decodable, Encodable},
+    serial::{deserialize, serialize},
+    types::*,
     util::{generate_id, parse::truncate, NetworkName},
     Error, Result,
 };
 
 pub const ETH_NATIVE_TOKEN_ID: &str = "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000";
 
-#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
-pub struct Keypair {
-    pub private_key: String,
-    pub public_key: String,
-}
-
 // An ERC-20 token transfer transaction's data is as follows:
 //
 // 1. The first 4 bytes of the keccak256 hash of "transfer(address,uint256)".
@@ -106,10 +101,6 @@ pub fn erc20_balanceof_data(account: &str) -> String {
     format!("0x{}{}", hex::encode(*ERC20_BALANCEOF_METHOD), acc_padded)
 }
 
-pub fn erc20_decimals_data() -> String {
-    format!("0x{}", hex::encode(*ERC20_DECIMALS_METHOD))
-}
-
 fn to_eth_hex(val: BigUint) -> String {
     let bytes = val.to_bytes_be();
     let h = hex::encode(bytes);
@@ -184,7 +175,7 @@ impl EthTx {
 //
 pub struct EthClient {
     // main_keypair (private, public)
-    main_keypair: Keypair,
+    main_keypair: (String, String),
     passphrase: String,
     socket_path: String,
     subscriptions: Arc<Mutex<Vec<String>>>,
@@ -195,50 +186,29 @@ pub struct EthClient {
 }
 
 impl EthClient {
-    pub fn new(socket_path: String, passphrase: String) -> Self {
+    pub fn new(
+        socket_path: String,
+        passphrase: String,
+        main_keypair: (String, String),
+    ) -> Arc<Self> {
         let notify_channel = async_channel::unbounded();
         let subscriptions = Arc::new(Mutex::new(Vec::new()));
-        Self {
-            // this must set by the cashier
-            main_keypair: Keypair {
-                private_key: String::new(),
-                public_key: String::new(),
-            },
+        Arc::new(Self {
+            main_keypair,
             passphrase,
             socket_path,
             subscriptions,
             notify_channel,
+        })
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn set_main_keypair(&mut self, keypair: &Keypair) {
-        self.main_keypair = keypair.clone();
-    }
-
-    async fn send_erc20_to_main_wallet(&self, acc: &str, amount: BigUint, mint: &str) -> Result<()> {
-        debug!(target: "ETH BRIDGE", "Send erc20 token to main wallet");
-
-        let tx = EthTx::new(
-            acc,
-            mint,
-            None,
-            None,
-            None,
-            Some(erc20_transfer_data(self.main_keypair.public_key.as_str(), amount)),
-            None,
-        );
-
-        self.send_transaction(&tx, &self.passphrase).await?;
-
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
     async fn send_eth_to_main_wallet(&self, acc: &str, amount: BigUint) -> Result<()> {
         debug!(target: "ETH BRIDGE", "Send eth to main wallet");
 
         let tx = EthTx::new(
             acc,
-            &self.main_keypair.public_key,
+            &self.main_keypair.1,
             None,
             None,
             Some(amount),
@@ -254,39 +224,16 @@ impl EthClient {
     async fn handle_subscribe_request(
         self: Arc<Self>,
         addr: String,
-        drk_pub_key: jubjub::SubgroupPoint,
-        mint: Option<String>,
+        drk_pub_key: DrkPublicKey,
     ) -> Result<()> {
 
-        let token_pubkey = if mint.is_some() {
-            mint.clone().unwrap()
-        } else {
-            addr.clone()
-        };
-
-        if mint.is_some() {
-            debug!(target: "ETH BRIDGE", "Got subscribe request for ERC20 token");
-            debug!(target: "ETH BRIDGE", "Main wallet: {}", addr);
-            debug!(target: "ETH BRIDGE", "Associated token address: {}", token_pubkey);
-        } else {
-            debug!(target: "ETH BRIDGE", "Got subscribe request for native ETH");
-            debug!(target: "ETH BRIDGE", "Main wallet: {}", addr);
-        }
-
-
         if self.subscriptions.lock().await.contains(&addr) {
             return Ok(());
         }
 
-        let decimals = if mint.is_some() {
-            let hexdecimals = self.get_erc20_decimals(&addr, &token_pubkey).await?;
-            let hexdecimals = hexdecimals.as_str().unwrap().trim_start_matches("0x");
-            18
-        } else {
-            18
-        };
+        let decimals = 18;
 
-        let prev_balance = self.get_current_balance(&addr, mint.clone()).await?;
+        let prev_balance = self.get_current_balance(&addr, None).await?;
 
         let mut current_balance;
 
@@ -303,7 +250,7 @@ impl EthClient {
             sub_iter += iter_interval;
             async_std::task::sleep(Duration::from_secs(iter_interval)).await;
 
-            current_balance = self.get_current_balance(&addr, mint.clone()).await?;
+            current_balance = self.get_current_balance(&addr, None).await?;
 
             if current_balance != prev_balance {
                 break;
@@ -316,7 +263,7 @@ impl EthClient {
 
         if current_balance < prev_balance {
             return Err(crate::Error::ClientFailed(
-                    "New balance is less than previous balance".into(),
+                "New balance is less than previous balance".into(),
             ));
         }
 
@@ -324,49 +271,28 @@ impl EthClient {
 
         let received_balance_ui = received_balance.clone() / u64::pow(10, decimals as u32);
 
-
-
-        if mint.is_some() {
-            send_notification
-                .send(TokenNotification {
-                    network: NetworkName::Ethereum,
-                    token_id: generate_id(token_pubkey.as_str(), &NetworkName::Ethereum)?,
-                    drk_pub_key,
-                    // TODO FIX
-                    received_balance: received_balance.to_u64_digits()[0],
-                    decimals: decimals as u16,
-                })
-            .await
-                .map_err(Error::from)?;
-
-            self.send_erc20_to_main_wallet(&addr, received_balance, &token_pubkey)
-                .await?;
-
-            debug!(target: "ETH BRIDGE", "Received {} erc20 token: {}", received_balance_ui, token_pubkey);
-
-        } else {
-            send_notification
-                .send(TokenNotification {
-                    network: NetworkName::Ethereum,
-                    token_id: generate_id(ETH_NATIVE_TOKEN_ID, &NetworkName::Ethereum)?,
-                    drk_pub_key,
-                    // TODO FIX
-                    received_balance: received_balance.to_u64_digits()[0],
-                    decimals: decimals as u16,
-                })
+        send_notification
+            .send(TokenNotification {
+                network: NetworkName::Ethereum,
+                token_id: generate_id(ETH_NATIVE_TOKEN_ID, &NetworkName::Ethereum)?,
+                drk_pub_key,
+                // TODO FIX
+                received_balance: received_balance.to_u64_digits()[0],
+                decimals: decimals as u16,
+            })
             .await
-                .map_err(Error::from)?;
+            .map_err(Error::from)?;
 
-            self.send_eth_to_main_wallet(&addr, received_balance)
-                .await?;
+        self.send_eth_to_main_wallet(&addr, received_balance)
+            .await?;
 
-            debug!(target: "ETH BRIDGE", "Received {} eth", received_balance_ui );
+        debug!(target: "ETH BRIDGE", "Received {} eth", received_balance_ui );
         }
 
         Ok(())
     }
 
-    async fn unsubscribe(&self, pubkey: &str) {
+    async fn unsubscribe(&self, pubkey: &String) {
         let mut subscriptions = self.subscriptions.lock().await;
         let index = subscriptions.iter().position(|p| p == pubkey);
         if let Some(ind) = index {
@@ -380,10 +306,10 @@ impl EthClient {
         let reply: JsonResult = match jsonrpc::send_unix_request(&self.socket_path, json!(r))
             .await
             .map_err(EthFailed::from)
-            {
-                Ok(v) => v,
-                Err(e) => return Err(e),
-            };
+        {
+            Ok(v) => v,
+            Err(e) => return Err(e),
+        };
 
         match reply {
             JsonResult::Resp(r) => {
@@ -409,11 +335,11 @@ impl EthClient {
     }
 
     /*
-       pub async fn estimate_gas(&self, tx: &EthTx) -> Result<Value> {
-       let req = jsonrpc::request(json!("eth_estimateGas"), json!([tx]));
-       Ok(self.request(req).await?)
-       }
-       */
+    pub async fn estimate_gas(&self, tx: &EthTx) -> Result<Value> {
+    let req = jsonrpc::request(json!("eth_estimateGas"), json!([tx]));
+    Ok(self.request(req).await?)
+    }
+    */
 
     pub async fn block_number(&self) -> EthResult<Value> {
         let req = jsonrpc::request(json!("eth_blockNumber"), json!([]));
@@ -439,40 +365,18 @@ impl EthClient {
         Ok(self.request(req).await?)
     }
 
-    pub async fn get_erc20_decimals(&self, acc: &str, mint: &str) -> EthResult<Value> {
-        let tx = EthTx::new(
-            acc,
-            mint,
-            None,
-            None,
-            None,
-            Some(erc20_decimals_data()),
-            None,
-        );
-        let req = jsonrpc::request(json!("eth_call"), json!([tx, "latest"]));
-        Ok(self.request(req).await?)
-    }
-
-    pub async fn get_current_balance(&self, acc: &str, mint: Option<String>) -> EthResult<BigUint> {
-
-
-        let hexbalance = if mint.is_some() {
-            // ERC20 balance
-            self.get_erc20_balance(acc, mint.unwrap().as_str()).await?
-        } else {
-            // Latest known block, used to calculate present balance.
-            let block = self.block_number().await?;
-            let block = block.as_str().unwrap();
-
-            // Native ETH balance
-            self.get_eth_balance(acc, block).await?
-        };
-
+    pub async fn get_current_balance(&self, acc: &str, _mint: Option<&str>) -> EthResult<BigUint> {
+        // Latest known block, used to calculate present balance.
+        let block = self.block_number().await?;
+        let block = block.as_str().unwrap();
 
+        // Native ETH balance
+        let hexbalance = self.get_eth_balance(&acc, block).await?;
         let hexbalance = hexbalance.as_str().unwrap().trim_start_matches("0x");
         let balance = BigUint::parse_bytes(hexbalance.as_bytes(), 16).unwrap();
 
         Ok(balance)
+
     }
 
     pub async fn send_transaction(&self, tx: &EthTx, passphrase: &str) -> EthResult<Value> {
@@ -485,8 +389,8 @@ impl EthClient {
 impl NetworkClient for EthClient {
     async fn subscribe(
         self: Arc<Self>,
-        drk_pub_key: jubjub::SubgroupPoint,
-        mint_address: Option<String>,
+        drk_pub_key: DrkPublicKey,
+        _mint_address: Option<String>,
         executor: Arc<Executor<'_>>,
     ) -> Result<TokenSubscribtion> {
         let private_key = generate_privkey();
@@ -503,13 +407,13 @@ impl NetworkClient for EthClient {
         executor
             .spawn(async move {
                 let result = self
-                    .handle_subscribe_request(addr_cloned, drk_pub_key, mint_address)
+                    .handle_subscribe_request(addr_cloned, drk_pub_key)
                     .await;
                 if let Err(e) = result {
                     error!(target: "ETH BRIDGE SUBSCRIPTION","{}", e.to_string());
                 }
             })
-        .detach();
+            .detach();
 
         let private_key: Vec<u8> = serialize(&private_key);
 
@@ -523,8 +427,8 @@ impl NetworkClient for EthClient {
         self: Arc<Self>,
         _private_key: Vec<u8>,
         public_key: Vec<u8>,
-        drk_pub_key: jubjub::SubgroupPoint,
-        mint_address: Option<String>,
+        drk_pub_key: DrkPublicKey,
+        _mint_address: Option<String>,
         executor: Arc<Executor<'_>>,
     ) -> Result<String> {
         let public_key: String = deserialize(&public_key)?;
@@ -532,12 +436,12 @@ impl NetworkClient for EthClient {
         let address = public_key.clone();
         executor
             .spawn(async move {
-                let result = self.handle_subscribe_request(address, drk_pub_key, mint_address).await;
+                let result = self.handle_subscribe_request(address, drk_pub_key).await;
                 if let Err(e) = result {
                     error!(target: "ETH BRIDGE SUBSCRIPTION","{}", e.to_string());
                 }
             })
-        .detach();
+            .detach();
 
         Ok(public_key)
     }
@@ -549,40 +453,26 @@ impl NetworkClient for EthClient {
     async fn send(
         self: Arc<Self>,
         address: Vec<u8>,
-        mint: Option<String>,
+        _mint: Option<String>,
         amount: u64,
     ) -> Result<()> {
         // Recipient address
         let dest: String = deserialize(&address)?;
 
-        // FIXME
         let decimals = 18;
 
         // reverse truncate
         let amount = truncate(amount, decimals as u16, 8)?;
 
-
-        let tx = if mint.is_some() {
-            EthTx::new(
-                &self.main_keypair.public_key,
-                &mint.unwrap(),
-                None,
-                None,
-                None,
-                Some(erc20_transfer_data(&dest, BigUint::from(amount))),
-                None,
-            )
-        } else {
-            EthTx::new(
-                &self.main_keypair.public_key,
-                &dest,
-                None,
-                None,
-                Some(BigUint::from(amount)),
-                None,
-                None,
-            )
-        };
+        let tx = EthTx::new(
+            &self.main_keypair.1,
+            &dest,
+            None,
+            None,
+            Some(BigUint::from(amount)),
+            None,
+            None,
+        );
 
         self.send_transaction(&tx, &self.passphrase).await?;
 
@@ -590,48 +480,59 @@ impl NetworkClient for EthClient {
     }
 }
 
-impl Encodable for Keypair {
-    fn encode<S: std::io::Write>(&self, mut s: S) -> Result<usize> {
-        let mut len = 0;
-        len += self.private_key.encode(&mut s)?;
-        len += self.public_key.encode(&mut s)?;
-        Ok(len)
-    }
-}
-
-impl Decodable for Keypair {
-    fn decode<D: std::io::Read>(mut d: D) -> Result<Self> {
-        Ok(Self {
-            private_key: Decodable::decode(&mut d)?,
-            public_key: Decodable::decode(&mut d)?,
-        })
-    }
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, thiserror::Error)]
+#[derive(Debug)]
 pub enum EthFailed {
-    #[error("There is no enough value {0}")]
     NotEnoughValue(u64),
-    #[error("Main Account Has no enough value")]
     MainAccountNotEnoughValue,
-    #[error("Bad Eth Address: {0}")]
     BadEthAddress(String),
-    #[error("Decode and decode keys error: {0}")]
     DecodeAndEncodeError(String),
-    #[error("Rpc Error: {0}")]
     RpcError(String),
-    #[error("Eth client error: {0}")]
     EthClientError(String),
-    #[error("Given mint is not valid: {0}")]
     MintIsNotValid(String),
-    #[error("JsonError: {0}")]
     JsonError(String),
-    #[error("Parse Error: {0}")]
     ParseError(String),
-    #[error("Unable to derive address from private key")]
     ImportPrivateError,
 }
 
+impl std::error::Error for EthFailed {}
+
+impl std::fmt::Display for EthFailed {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        match self {
+            EthFailed::NotEnoughValue(i) => {
+                write!(f, "There is no enough value {}", i)
+            }
+            EthFailed::MainAccountNotEnoughValue => {
+                write!(f, "Main Account Has no enough value")
+            }
+            EthFailed::BadEthAddress(ref err) => {
+                write!(f, "Bad Eth Address: {}", err)
+            }
+            EthFailed::DecodeAndEncodeError(ref err) => {
+                write!(f, "Decode and decode keys error: {}", err)
+            }
+            EthFailed::RpcError(i) => {
+                write!(f, "Rpc Error: {}", i)
+            }
+            EthFailed::ParseError(i) => {
+                write!(f, "Parse Error: {}", i)
+            }
+            EthFailed::MintIsNotValid(i) => {
+                write!(f, "Given mint is not valid: {}", i)
+            }
+            EthFailed::JsonError(i) => {
+                write!(f, "JsonError: {}", i)
+            }
+            EthFailed::ImportPrivateError => {
+                write!(f, "Unable to derive address from private key")
+            }
+            EthFailed::EthClientError(i) => {
+                write!(f, "Eth client error: {}", i)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 impl From<crate::error::Error> for EthFailed {
     fn from(err: crate::error::Error) -> EthFailed {
         EthFailed::EthClientError(err.to_string())

src/service/gateway.rs

@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
-use std::net::ToSocketAddrs;
-
-use async_std::sync::Arc;
 use std::convert::From;
 use std::net::SocketAddr;
+use std::net::ToSocketAddrs;
+use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use async_executor::Executor;
 use log::debug;

src/service/mod.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-//pub mod cashier;
 pub mod bridge;
 pub mod gateway;
 pub mod reqrep;

src/service/reqrep.rs

@@ -1,10 +1,9 @@
-use async_std::prelude::*;
-use async_std::sync::Arc;
-use std::convert::TryFrom;
 use std::io;
 use std::net::SocketAddr;
+use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use async_executor::Executor;
+use async_std::prelude::*;
 use bytes::Bytes;
 use futures::FutureExt;
 use log::*;
@@ -13,8 +12,8 @@ use signal_hook::consts::SIGINT;
 use signal_hook_async_std::Signals;
 use zeromq::*;
 
-use crate::serial::{deserialize, serialize};
-use crate::{Decodable, Encodable, Result};
+use crate::serial::{deserialize, serialize, Decodable, Encodable};
+use crate::Result;
 
 pub type PeerId = Vec<u8>;
 

src/service/sol.rs

@@ -1,14 +1,12 @@
-use async_std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};
-use std::convert::TryFrom;
 use std::str::FromStr;
 use std::time::Duration;
 
 use async_executor::Executor;
 use async_native_tls::TlsConnector;
+use async_std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};
 use async_trait::async_trait;
 use futures::{SinkExt, StreamExt};
 use log::{debug, error, info, warn};
-use rand::rngs::OsRng;
 use serde::Serialize;
 use serde_json::{json, Value};
 use solana_client::{blockhash_query::BlockhashQuery, rpc_client::RpcClient};
@@ -28,7 +26,7 @@ use super::bridge::{NetworkClient, TokenNotification, TokenSubscribtion};
 use crate::rpc::{jsonrpc, jsonrpc::JsonResult, websockets, websockets::WsStream};
 use crate::serial::{deserialize, serialize, Decodable, Encodable};
 use crate::util::{generate_id, parse::truncate, NetworkName};
-use crate::{Error, Result};
+use crate::{types::*, Error, Result};
 
 pub const SOL_NATIVE_TOKEN_ID: &str = "So11111111111111111111111111111111111111112";
 
@@ -97,7 +95,7 @@ impl SolClient {
     async fn handle_subscribe_request(
         self: Arc<Self>,
         keypair: Keypair,
-        drk_pub_key: jubjub::SubgroupPoint,
+        drk_pub_key: DrkPublicKey,
         mint: Option<Pubkey>,
     ) -> SolResult<()> {
         debug!(target: "SOL BRIDGE", "handle_subscribe_request()");
@@ -419,11 +417,11 @@ impl SolClient {
 impl NetworkClient for SolClient {
     async fn subscribe(
         self: Arc<Self>,
-        drk_pub_key: jubjub::SubgroupPoint,
+        drk_pub_key: DrkPublicKey,
         mint_address: Option<String>,
         executor: Arc<Executor<'_>>,
     ) -> Result<TokenSubscribtion> {
-        let keypair = Keypair::generate(&mut OsRng);
+        let keypair = Keypair::new();
 
         let public_key = keypair.pubkey().to_string();
         let private_key = serialize(&keypair);
@@ -459,7 +457,7 @@ impl NetworkClient for SolClient {
         self: Arc<Self>,
         private_key: Vec<u8>,
         _public_key: Vec<u8>,
-        drk_pub_key: jubjub::SubgroupPoint,
+        drk_pub_key: DrkPublicKey,
         mint_address: Option<String>,
         executor: Arc<Executor<'_>>,
     ) -> Result<String> {

src/state.rs

@@ -1,19 +1,23 @@
-use bellman::groth16;
-use bls12_381::Bls12;
+use std::fmt;
+
 use log::debug;
 
 use crate::{
-    crypto::{coin::Coin, merkle_node::MerkleNode, note::EncryptedNote, nullifier::Nullifier},
-    tx,
+    crypto::{
+        coin::Coin, merkle_node2::MerkleNode, note::EncryptedNote, nullifier::Nullifier,
+        proof::VerifyingKey, schnorr,
+    },
+    tx::Transaction,
+    types::{DrkCoinBlind, DrkPublicKey, DrkSecretKey, DrkSerial, DrkTokenId, DrkValueBlind},
 };
 
 pub trait ProgramState {
-    fn is_valid_cashier_public_key(&self, public: &jubjub::SubgroupPoint) -> bool;
+    fn is_valid_cashier_public_key(&self, public: &schnorr::PublicKey) -> bool;
     fn is_valid_merkle(&self, merkle: &MerkleNode) -> bool;
     fn nullifier_exists(&self, nullifier: &Nullifier) -> bool;
 
-    fn mint_pvk(&self) -> &groth16::PreparedVerifyingKey<Bls12>;
-    fn spend_pvk(&self) -> &groth16::PreparedVerifyingKey<Bls12>;
+    fn mint_vk(&self) -> &VerifyingKey;
+    fn spend_vk(&self) -> &VerifyingKey;
 }
 
 pub struct StateUpdate {
@@ -46,10 +50,37 @@ pub enum VerifyFailed {
     AssetMismatch,
 }
 
-pub fn state_transition<S: ProgramState>(
-    state: &S,
-    tx: tx::Transaction,
-) -> VerifyResult<StateUpdate> {
+impl std::error::Error for VerifyFailed {}
+
+impl fmt::Display for VerifyFailed {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        match *self {
+            VerifyFailed::InvalidCashierKey(i) => {
+                write!(f, "Invalid cashier public key for clear input {}", i)
+            }
+            VerifyFailed::InvalidMerkle(i) => {
+                write!(f, "Invalid merkle root for input {}", i)
+            }
+            VerifyFailed::DuplicateNullifier(i) => {
+                write!(f, "Duplicate nullifier for input {}", i)
+            }
+            VerifyFailed::SpendProof(i) => write!(f, "Spend proof for input {}", i),
+            VerifyFailed::MintProof(i) => write!(f, "Mint proof for input {}", i),
+            VerifyFailed::ClearInputSignature(i) => {
+                write!(f, "Invalid signature for clear input {}", i)
+            }
+            VerifyFailed::InputSignature(i) => write!(f, "Invalid signature for input {}", i),
+            VerifyFailed::MissingFunds => {
+                f.write_str("Money in does not match money out (value commits)")
+            }
+            VerifyFailed::AssetMismatch => {
+                f.write_str("Assets don't match some inputs or outputs (token commits)")
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn state_transition<S: ProgramState>(state: &S, tx: Transaction) -> VerifyResult<StateUpdate> {
     // Check deposits are legit
 
     debug!(target: "STATE TRANSITION", "iterate clear_inputs");
@@ -67,7 +98,6 @@ pub fn state_transition<S: ProgramState>(
     debug!(target: "STATE TRANSITION", "iterate inputs");
 
     for (i, input) in tx.inputs.iter().enumerate() {
-        // Check merkle roots
         let merkle = &input.revealed.merkle_root;
 
         // Merkle is used to know whether this is a coin that existed
@@ -87,7 +117,7 @@ pub fn state_transition<S: ProgramState>(
 
     debug!(target: "STATE TRANSITION", "Check the tx Verifies correctly");
     // Check the tx verifies correctly
-    tx.verify(state.mint_pvk(), state.spend_pvk())?;
+    tx.verify(state.mint_vk(), state.spend_vk())?;
 
     let mut nullifiers = vec![];
     for input in tx.inputs {
@@ -99,7 +129,7 @@ pub fn state_transition<S: ProgramState>(
     let mut enc_notes = vec![];
     for output in tx.outputs {
         // Gather all the coins
-        coins.push(Coin::new(output.revealed.coin));
+        coins.push(Coin(output.revealed.coin.clone()));
         enc_notes.push(output.enc_note);
     }
 

src/tx/builder.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,4 @@
-use bellman::groth16;
-use bls12_381::Bls12;
-use ff::Field;
+use pasta_curves::arithmetic::Field;
 use rand::rngs::OsRng;
 
 use super::{
@@ -8,10 +6,14 @@ use super::{
     Transaction, TransactionClearInput, TransactionInput, TransactionOutput,
 };
 use crate::crypto::{
-    create_mint_proof, create_spend_proof, merkle::MerklePath, merkle_node::MerkleNode, note::Note,
-    schnorr,
+    mint_proof::create_mint_proof, note::Note, schnorr, spend_proof::create_spend_proof,
+};
+use crate::{
+    crypto::merkle_node2::MerkleNode,
+    serial::Encodable,
+    types::{DrkCoinBlind, DrkPublicKey, DrkSecretKey, DrkSerial, DrkTokenId, DrkValueBlind},
+    Result,
 };
-use crate::serial::Encodable;
 
 pub struct TransactionBuilder {
     pub clear_inputs: Vec<TransactionBuilderClearInputInfo>,
@@ -21,32 +23,33 @@ pub struct TransactionBuilder {
 
 pub struct TransactionBuilderClearInputInfo {
     pub value: u64,
-    pub token_id: jubjub::Fr,
-    pub signature_secret: jubjub::Fr,
+    pub token_id: DrkTokenId,
+    pub signature_secret: schnorr::SecretKey,
 }
 
 pub struct TransactionBuilderInputInfo {
-    pub merkle_path: MerklePath<MerkleNode>,
-    pub secret: jubjub::Fr,
+    pub leaf_position: incrementalmerkletree::Position,
+    pub merkle_path: Vec<MerkleNode>,
+    pub secret: DrkSecretKey,
     pub note: Note,
 }
 
 pub struct TransactionBuilderOutputInfo {
     pub value: u64,
-    pub token_id: jubjub::Fr,
-    pub public: jubjub::SubgroupPoint,
+    pub token_id: DrkTokenId,
+    pub public: DrkPublicKey,
 }
 
 impl TransactionBuilder {
     fn compute_remainder_blind(
         clear_inputs: &[PartialTransactionClearInput],
-        input_blinds: &[jubjub::Fr],
-        output_blinds: &[jubjub::Fr],
-    ) -> jubjub::Fr {
-        let mut total = jubjub::Fr::zero();
+        input_blinds: &[DrkValueBlind],
+        output_blinds: &[DrkValueBlind],
+    ) -> DrkValueBlind {
+        let mut total = DrkValueBlind::zero();
 
         for input in clear_inputs {
-            total += input.valcom_blind;
+            total += input.value_blind;
         }
 
         for input_blind in input_blinds {
@@ -60,23 +63,18 @@ impl TransactionBuilder {
         total
     }
 
-    pub fn build(
-        self,
-        mint_params: &groth16::Parameters<Bls12>,
-        spend_params: &groth16::Parameters<Bls12>,
-    ) -> Transaction {
+    pub fn build(self) -> Result<Transaction> {
         let mut clear_inputs = vec![];
-        let token_commit_blind: jubjub::Fr = jubjub::Fr::random(&mut OsRng);
+        let token_blind = DrkValueBlind::random(&mut OsRng);
         for input in &self.clear_inputs {
-            let signature_public =
-                zcash_primitives::constants::SPENDING_KEY_GENERATOR * input.signature_secret;
+            let signature_public = input.signature_secret.public_key();
+            let value_blind = DrkValueBlind::random(&mut OsRng);
 
-            let valcom_blind: jubjub::Fr = jubjub::Fr::random(&mut OsRng);
             let clear_input = PartialTransactionClearInput {
                 value: input.value,
                 token_id: input.token_id,
-                valcom_blind,
-                token_commit_blind,
+                value_blind,
+                token_blind,
                 signature_public,
             };
             clear_inputs.push(clear_input);
@@ -85,36 +83,25 @@ impl TransactionBuilder {
         let mut inputs = vec![];
         let mut input_blinds = vec![];
         let mut signature_secrets = vec![];
-        for input in &self.inputs {
-            input_blinds.push(input.note.valcom_blind);
-
-            let signature_secret: jubjub::Fr = jubjub::Fr::random(&mut OsRng);
+        for input in self.inputs {
+            input_blinds.push(input.note.value_blind);
 
-            // make proof
-
-            // TODO: Some stupid glue code. Need to sort this out
-            let auth_path: Vec<(bls12_381::Scalar, bool)> = input
-                .merkle_path
-                .auth_path
-                .iter()
-                .map(|(node, b)| ((*node).into(), *b))
-                .collect();
+            let signature_secret = schnorr::SecretKey::random();
 
             let (proof, revealed) = create_spend_proof(
-                spend_params,
                 input.note.value,
                 input.note.token_id,
-                input.note.valcom_blind,
-                token_commit_blind,
+                input.note.value_blind,
+                token_blind,
                 input.note.serial,
                 input.note.coin_blind,
                 input.secret,
-                auth_path,
-                signature_secret,
-            );
+                input.leaf_position,
+                input.merkle_path,
+                signature_secret.clone(),
+            )?;
 
             // First we make the tx then sign after
-            let signature_secret = schnorr::SecretKey(signature_secret);
             signature_secrets.push(signature_secret);
 
             let input = PartialTransactionInput {
@@ -128,26 +115,25 @@ impl TransactionBuilder {
         let mut output_blinds = vec![];
 
         for (i, output) in self.outputs.iter().enumerate() {
-            let valcom_blind = if i == self.outputs.len() - 1 {
+            let value_blind = if i == self.outputs.len() - 1 {
                 Self::compute_remainder_blind(&clear_inputs, &input_blinds, &output_blinds)
             } else {
-                jubjub::Fr::random(&mut OsRng)
+                DrkValueBlind::random(&mut OsRng)
             };
-            output_blinds.push(valcom_blind);
+            output_blinds.push(value_blind);
 
-            let serial: jubjub::Fr = jubjub::Fr::random(&mut OsRng);
-            let coin_blind: jubjub::Fr = jubjub::Fr::random(&mut OsRng);
+            let serial = DrkSerial::random(&mut OsRng);
+            let coin_blind = DrkCoinBlind::random(&mut OsRng);
 
             let (mint_proof, revealed) = create_mint_proof(
-                mint_params,
                 output.value,
                 output.token_id,
-                valcom_blind,
-                token_commit_blind,
+                value_blind,
+                token_blind,
                 serial,
                 coin_blind,
                 output.public,
-            );
+            )?;
 
             // Encrypted note
 
@@ -156,10 +142,10 @@ impl TransactionBuilder {
                 value: output.value,
                 token_id: output.token_id,
                 coin_blind,
-                valcom_blind,
+                value_blind,
             };
 
-            let encrypted_note = note.encrypt(&output.public).unwrap();
+            let encrypted_note = note.encrypt(&output.public)?;
 
             let output = TransactionOutput {
                 mint_proof,
@@ -176,13 +162,11 @@ impl TransactionBuilder {
         };
 
         let mut unsigned_tx_data = vec![];
-        partial_tx
-            .encode(&mut unsigned_tx_data)
-            .expect("TODO handle this");
+        partial_tx.encode(&mut unsigned_tx_data)?;
 
         let mut clear_inputs = vec![];
         for (input, info) in partial_tx.clear_inputs.into_iter().zip(self.clear_inputs) {
-            let secret = schnorr::SecretKey(info.signature_secret);
+            let secret = info.signature_secret;
             let signature = secret.sign(&unsigned_tx_data[..]);
             let input = TransactionClearInput::from_partial(input, signature);
             clear_inputs.push(input);
@@ -199,10 +183,10 @@ impl TransactionBuilder {
             inputs.push(input);
         }
 
-        Transaction {
+        Ok(Transaction {
             clear_inputs,
             inputs,
             outputs: partial_tx.outputs,
-        }
+        })
     }
 }

src/tx/mod.rs

@@ -1,20 +1,29 @@
 pub mod builder;
 pub mod partial;
 
-use bellman::groth16;
-use bls12_381::Bls12;
-use group::Group;
 use std::io;
 
-use self::partial::{PartialTransactionClearInput, PartialTransactionInput};
-use crate::crypto::{
-    note::EncryptedNote, schnorr, verify_mint_proof, verify_spend_proof, MintRevealedValues,
-    SpendRevealedValues,
+use pasta_curves::group::Group;
+
+use crate::{
+    crypto::{
+        mint_proof::verify_mint_proof,
+        note::EncryptedNote,
+        proof::{Proof, VerifyingKey},
+        schnorr,
+        spend_proof::verify_spend_proof,
+        util::{mod_r_p, pedersen_commitment_scalar, pedersen_commitment_u64},
+        MintRevealedValues, SpendRevealedValues,
+    },
+    error::Result,
+    impl_vec,
+    serial::{Decodable, Encodable, VarInt},
+    state,
+    types::{
+        DrkCoinBlind, DrkPublicKey, DrkSecretKey, DrkSerial, DrkTokenId, DrkValue, DrkValueBlind,
+        DrkValueCommit,
+    },
 };
-use crate::error::Result;
-use crate::impl_vec;
-use crate::serial::{Decodable, Encodable, VarInt};
-use crate::state;
 
 pub use self::builder::{
     TransactionBuilder, TransactionBuilderClearInputInfo, TransactionBuilderInputInfo,
@@ -29,21 +38,21 @@ pub struct Transaction {
 
 pub struct TransactionClearInput {
     pub value: u64,
-    pub token_id: jubjub::Fr,
-    pub valcom_blind: jubjub::Fr,
-    pub token_commit_blind: jubjub::Fr,
-    pub signature_public: jubjub::SubgroupPoint,
+    pub token_id: DrkTokenId,
+    pub value_blind: DrkValueBlind,
+    pub token_blind: DrkValueBlind,
+    pub signature_public: schnorr::PublicKey,
     pub signature: schnorr::Signature,
 }
 
 pub struct TransactionInput {
-    pub spend_proof: groth16::Proof<Bls12>,
+    pub spend_proof: Proof,
     pub revealed: SpendRevealedValues,
     pub signature: schnorr::Signature,
 }
 
 pub struct TransactionOutput {
-    pub mint_proof: groth16::Proof<Bls12>,
+    pub mint_proof: Proof,
     pub revealed: MintRevealedValues,
     pub enc_note: EncryptedNote,
 }
@@ -57,11 +66,6 @@ impl Transaction {
         Ok(len)
     }
 
-    fn compute_pedersen_commit(value: jubjub::Fr, blind: &jubjub::Fr) -> jubjub::SubgroupPoint {
-        (zcash_primitives::constants::VALUE_COMMITMENT_VALUE_GENERATOR * value)
-            + (zcash_primitives::constants::VALUE_COMMITMENT_RANDOMNESS_GENERATOR * blind)
-    }
-
     fn verify_token_commitments(&self) -> bool {
         assert_ne!(self.outputs.len(), 0);
         let token_commit_value = self.outputs[0].revealed.token_commit;
@@ -77,7 +81,7 @@ impl Transaction {
                 .any(|output| output.revealed.token_commit != token_commit_value);
         failed = failed
             || self.clear_inputs.iter().any(|input| {
-                Self::compute_pedersen_commit(input.token_id, &input.token_commit_blind)
+                pedersen_commitment_scalar(mod_r_p(input.token_id), input.token_blind)
                     != token_commit_value
             });
         !failed
@@ -85,28 +89,30 @@ impl Transaction {
 
     pub fn verify(
         &self,
-        mint_pvk: &groth16::PreparedVerifyingKey<Bls12>,
-        spend_pvk: &groth16::PreparedVerifyingKey<Bls12>,
+        mint_pvk: &VerifyingKey,
+        spend_pvk: &VerifyingKey,
     ) -> state::VerifyResult<()> {
-        let mut valcom_total = jubjub::SubgroupPoint::identity();
+        let mut valcom_total = DrkValueCommit::identity();
+
         for input in &self.clear_inputs {
-            let value = jubjub::Fr::from(input.value);
-            valcom_total += Self::compute_pedersen_commit(value, &input.valcom_blind);
+            valcom_total += pedersen_commitment_u64(input.value, input.value_blind);
         }
+
         for (i, input) in self.inputs.iter().enumerate() {
-            if !verify_spend_proof(spend_pvk, &input.spend_proof, &input.revealed) {
+            if verify_spend_proof(spend_pvk, input.spend_proof.clone(), &input.revealed).is_err() {
                 return Err(state::VerifyFailed::SpendProof(i));
             }
             valcom_total += &input.revealed.value_commit;
         }
+
         for (i, output) in self.outputs.iter().enumerate() {
-            if !verify_mint_proof(mint_pvk, &output.mint_proof, &output.revealed) {
+            if verify_mint_proof(mint_pvk, &output.mint_proof, &output.revealed).is_err() {
                 return Err(state::VerifyFailed::MintProof(i));
             }
             valcom_total -= &output.revealed.value_commit;
         }
 
-        if valcom_total != jubjub::SubgroupPoint::identity() {
+        if valcom_total != DrkValueCommit::identity() {
             return Err(state::VerifyFailed::MissingFunds);
         }
 
@@ -120,13 +126,13 @@ impl Transaction {
         self.encode_without_signature(&mut unsigned_tx_data)
             .expect("TODO handle this");
         for (i, input) in self.clear_inputs.iter().enumerate() {
-            let public = schnorr::PublicKey(input.signature_public);
+            let public = &input.signature_public;
             if !public.verify(&unsigned_tx_data[..], &input.signature) {
                 return Err(state::VerifyFailed::ClearInputSignature(i));
             }
         }
         for (i, input) in self.inputs.iter().enumerate() {
-            let public = schnorr::PublicKey(input.revealed.signature_public);
+            let public = &input.revealed.signature_public;
             if !public.verify(&unsigned_tx_data[..], &input.signature) {
                 return Err(state::VerifyFailed::InputSignature(i));
             }
@@ -137,12 +143,15 @@ impl Transaction {
 }
 
 impl TransactionClearInput {
-    fn from_partial(partial: PartialTransactionClearInput, signature: schnorr::Signature) -> Self {
+    fn from_partial(
+        partial: partial::PartialTransactionClearInput,
+        signature: schnorr::Signature,
+    ) -> Self {
         Self {
             value: partial.value,
             token_id: partial.token_id,
-            valcom_blind: partial.valcom_blind,
-            token_commit_blind: partial.token_commit_blind,
+            value_blind: partial.value_blind,
+            token_blind: partial.token_blind,
             signature_public: partial.signature_public,
             signature,
         }
@@ -152,15 +161,18 @@ impl TransactionClearInput {
         let mut len = 0;
         len += self.value.encode(&mut s)?;
         len += self.token_id.encode(&mut s)?;
-        len += self.valcom_blind.encode(&mut s)?;
-        len += self.token_commit_blind.encode(&mut s)?;
+        len += self.value_blind.encode(&mut s)?;
+        len += self.token_blind.encode(&mut s)?;
         len += self.signature_public.encode(s)?;
         Ok(len)
     }
 }
 
 impl TransactionInput {
-    fn from_partial(partial: PartialTransactionInput, signature: schnorr::Signature) -> Self {
+    fn from_partial(
+        partial: partial::PartialTransactionInput,
+        signature: schnorr::Signature,
+    ) -> Self {
         Self {
             spend_proof: partial.spend_proof,
             revealed: partial.revealed,
@@ -201,8 +213,8 @@ impl Encodable for TransactionClearInput {
         let mut len = 0;
         len += self.value.encode(&mut s)?;
         len += self.token_id.encode(&mut s)?;
-        len += self.valcom_blind.encode(&mut s)?;
-        len += self.token_commit_blind.encode(&mut s)?;
+        len += self.value_blind.encode(&mut s)?;
+        len += self.token_blind.encode(&mut s)?;
         len += self.signature_public.encode(&mut s)?;
         len += self.signature.encode(s)?;
         Ok(len)
@@ -214,8 +226,8 @@ impl Decodable for TransactionClearInput {
         Ok(Self {
             value: Decodable::decode(&mut d)?,
             token_id: Decodable::decode(&mut d)?,
-            valcom_blind: Decodable::decode(&mut d)?,
-            token_commit_blind: Decodable::decode(&mut d)?,
+            value_blind: Decodable::decode(&mut d)?,
+            token_blind: Decodable::decode(&mut d)?,
             signature_public: Decodable::decode(&mut d)?,
             signature: Decodable::decode(d)?,
         })

src/tx/partial.rs

@@ -1,12 +1,13 @@
-use bellman::groth16;
-use bls12_381::Bls12;
 use std::io;
 
 use super::TransactionOutput;
-use crate::crypto::SpendRevealedValues;
-use crate::error::Result;
-use crate::impl_vec;
-use crate::serial::{Decodable, Encodable, VarInt};
+use crate::{
+    crypto::{schnorr, spend_proof::SpendRevealedValues, Proof},
+    error::Result,
+    impl_vec,
+    serial::{Decodable, Encodable, VarInt},
+    types::{DrkCoinBlind, DrkPublicKey, DrkSecretKey, DrkSerial, DrkTokenId, DrkValueBlind},
+};
 
 pub struct PartialTransaction {
     pub clear_inputs: Vec<PartialTransactionClearInput>,
@@ -16,14 +17,14 @@ pub struct PartialTransaction {
 
 pub struct PartialTransactionClearInput {
     pub value: u64,
-    pub token_id: jubjub::Fr,
-    pub valcom_blind: jubjub::Fr,
-    pub token_commit_blind: jubjub::Fr,
-    pub signature_public: jubjub::SubgroupPoint,
+    pub token_id: DrkTokenId,
+    pub value_blind: DrkValueBlind,
+    pub token_blind: DrkValueBlind,
+    pub signature_public: schnorr::PublicKey,
 }
 
 pub struct PartialTransactionInput {
-    pub spend_proof: groth16::Proof<Bls12>,
+    pub spend_proof: Proof,
     pub revealed: SpendRevealedValues,
 }
 
@@ -52,8 +53,8 @@ impl Encodable for PartialTransactionClearInput {
         let mut len = 0;
         len += self.value.encode(&mut s)?;
         len += self.token_id.encode(&mut s)?;
-        len += self.valcom_blind.encode(&mut s)?;
-        len += self.token_commit_blind.encode(&mut s)?;
+        len += self.value_blind.encode(&mut s)?;
+        len += self.token_blind.encode(&mut s)?;
         len += self.signature_public.encode(&mut s)?;
         Ok(len)
     }
@@ -63,8 +64,8 @@ impl Decodable for PartialTransactionClearInput {
         Ok(Self {
             value: Decodable::decode(&mut d)?,
             token_id: Decodable::decode(&mut d)?,
-            valcom_blind: Decodable::decode(&mut d)?,
-            token_commit_blind: Decodable::decode(&mut d)?,
+            value_blind: Decodable::decode(&mut d)?,
+            token_blind: Decodable::decode(&mut d)?,
             signature_public: Decodable::decode(&mut d)?,
         })
     }