q = 0x40000000000000000000000000000000224698fc0994a8dd8c46eb2100000001 K = GF(q) a = K(0x00) b = K(0x05) E = EllipticCurve(K, (a, b)) G = E(0x40000000000000000000000000000000224698fc0994a8dd8c46eb2100000000, 0x02) p = 0x40000000000000000000000000000000224698fc094cf91b992d30ed00000001 assert E.order() == p Scalar = GF(p) a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6, a7, a8, a9, a10 = ( Scalar(110), Scalar(56), Scalar(89), Scalar(6543), Scalar(2), Scalar(110), Scalar(44), Scalar(78), Scalar(77), Scalar(4)) G1, G2, G3, G4, G5, G6, G7, G8, G9, G10 = ( E.random_element(), E.random_element(), E.random_element(), E.random_element(), E.random_element(), E.random_element(), E.random_element(), E.random_element(), E.random_element(), E.random_element()) A = (int(a1) * G1 + int(a2) * G2 + int(a3) * G3 + int(a4) * G4 + int(a5) * G5 + int(a6) * G6 + int(a7) * G7 + int(a8) * G8 + int(a9) * G9 + int(a10) * G10) # This function is homomorphic, so: # # H(a_lo_1, a_hi_1) + H(a_lo_2, a_hi_2) = H(a_lo_1 + a_lo_2, a_hi_1 + a_hi_2) # # This function is actually the same as the dot product: # # H(a_lo, a_hi) = + # def hash(a_lo, a_hi): return (int(a_lo[0]) * G1 + int(a_lo[1]) * G2 + int(a_lo[2]) * G3 + int(a_lo[3]) * G4 + int(a_lo[4]) * G5 + int(a_hi[0]) * G6 + int(a_hi[1]) * G7 + int(a_hi[2]) * G8 + int(a_hi[3]) * G9 + int(a_hi[4]) * G10) x = Scalar.random_element() zeros = [Scalar(0)] * 5 a_lo = vector([a1, a2, a3, a4, a5]) a_hi = vector([a6, a7, a8, a9, a10]) L = hash(zeros, a_lo) R = hash(a_hi, zeros) P = hash(a_lo, a_hi) # Same value assert P == A a_prime = x * a_lo + x^-1 * a_hi assert len(a_prime) == 5 # See section 3 of the bulletproofs paper P_prime = hash(x^-1 * a_prime, x * a_prime) assert P_prime == int(x^2) * L + P + int(x^-2) * R # Proof is 5 + 2 elements instead of 10 commitments to each value a_i proof = (L, R, a) # Using dot product notation, we can write: # # P_prime = # = # = + + x^2 + x^-2 # = P + x^2 L + x^-2 R # # See also P_{k - 1} from: # https://doc-internal.dalek.rs/bulletproofs/notes/inner_product_proof/index.html